An analysis of the noble émigés of the French Revolution from 1789-1814. This paper looks at their life in the ancien régime, their life abroad in Coblenz and London, and their return to France. It focuses on their struggle and accomplishments abroad and their search for a collective identity during a time of uncertainty.

Throughout early-modern history, France and Britain had been enemies on opposite sides of the so-called Second Hundred Years’ War. Nevertheless, during the Revolutionary and the Napoleonic Wars (1793-1815), Britain became a haven for almost 40,000 French emigrants, and by 1814 France’s restored monarchy no longer viewed Britain as the enemy. The émigrés’ experience in Britain, its impact on long-term diplomatic ties between the two countries, and its wider repercussions for European history is the focus of my research. Did émigré diplomats knowingly follow a policy intended to foster a lasting alliance with Britain? Scholars who view the émigrés as politically impotent ignore the powerful impact French presence had on Britain’s elite. Even as early as 1793, the émigrés’ plight was an asset used by the British government in its negotiations with other European powers. My thesis will answer the aforementioned question by exploring a neglected aspect of the French experience in Great Britain: the émigrés’ social and political interactions with the British public and government and how this may have affected Franco-British diplomacy during the nineteenth century. / Graduate / 0335 / 0582 / sguenett@uvic.ca

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This thesis will analyze the role of Shi'i religious symbols employed in the Iranian revolution of 1979. During the revolution, the Shi'i symbolic structure of the Karbala' paradigm or the symbols of Karbala' and of Husayn's martyrdom were extensively employed to mobilize the masses. Regarded as the Imam and as the symbol of the revolution, Khumayni extensively utilized such religious symbols in order to generate mass revolutionary political consciousness against the Shah's tyrannical regime. In other words, throughout the revolution the traditional 'ashura' mourning ceremony--commemorating a tragic historical event the martyrdom of Husayn who was killed on the battlefield of Karbala' on Muharram 10, 60/680--was transformed into and politicized to be a vehicle of mass revolutionary political mobilization.

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University. / Typescript. Sponsor: Lyman Bryson. Dissertation Committee: George S. Counts, Lawrence Cremin, . Type C project. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 277-293).

Thesis (M.Mus. (Musicology)--University of Melbourne, Faculty of Music, 2009. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.