No description available.

No description available.

No description available.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic disease characterized by cycles of inflammation and resolution. Previously, it was believed that the resolution of inflammation is simply dissipation of pro-inflammatory signals, although current research indicates that resolution is an active process. Acute inflammation follows defined phases of induction, inflammation and resolution, and resolution occurs by an active process that requires COX-2 activity. This study aims to address whether this paradigm extends to a recognized model of chronic inflammation. We demonstrated in murine collageninduced arthritis that chronic inflammation follows the same sequential course. While there is the normal production of pro-inflammatory cytokines during inflammation and anti-inflammatory mediators such as 15-deoxyΔ12,14PGJ2 (15d-PGJ2) during resolution, interestingly there is sustained production of both COX-2 and the presumably proinflammatory PGE2 during both phases. Blocking COX-2 activity and therefore production of PGE2 during the resolution phase perpetuated instead of attenuated inflammation. Repletion with PGE2 analogs restored homeostasis, and this function is mediated by the pro-resolving lipoxygenase metabolite, lipoxin A4 (LXA4), which is a potent stop signal. Thus, the study provided in vivo evidence for a natural, endogenous link between the cyclooxygenase-lipoxygenase pathways and showed that PGE2 serves as a feedback inhibitor essential for limiting chronic inflammation in autoimmune arthritis. These findings may explain the enigma regarding why COX-2 inhibitors are palliative rather than curative in humans because blocking resolution may mitigate the benefit of preventing induction. / Microbiology and Immunology

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Yes / RA patients often present with low muscle mass and decreased strength. Quantitative MRI offers a non-invasive measurement of muscle status. This study assessed whether MRI-based measurements of T2, fat fraction, diffusion tensor imaging and muscle volume can detect differences between the thigh muscles of RA patients and healthy controls, and assessed the muscle phenotype of different disease stages. Thirty-nine RA patients (13 'new RA'-newly diagnosed, treatment naïve, 13 'active RA'-persistent DAS28 >3.2 for >1 year, 13 'remission RA'-persistent DAS28 1 year) and 13 age and gender directly matched healthy controls had an MRI scan of their dominant thigh. All participants had knee extension and flexion torque and grip strength measured. MRI T2 and fat fraction were higher in the three groups of RA patients compared with healthy controls in the thigh muscles. There were no clinically meaningful differences in the mean diffusivity. The muscle volume, handgrip strength, knee extension and flexion were lower in all three groups of RA patients compared with healthy controls. Quantitative MRI and muscle strength measurements can potentially detect differences within the muscles between RA patients and healthy controls. These differences may be seen in RA patients who are yet to start treatment, those with persistent active disease, and those who were in clinical remission. This suggests that the muscles in RA patients are affected in the early stages of the disease and that signs of muscle pathology and muscle weakness are still observed in clinical remission. / National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leeds Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) and Health Education England

Two instruments were developed and administered to fifteen female and three male rheumatoid arthritics (mean age 44) previously hospitalized for allergy treatment by ecological methods. The Physical Functioning Ability Scale assessed functional capacity according to common daily activities, and the Rehabilitation Questionnaire surveyed adjustment problems subjects encountered after hospital discharge. ANOVA was performed on the functionality scale comparing dimensions of dependence, pain, and difficulty with categorical activities of mobility, work, and personal care, Significant F values (p(.05) were obtained for interaction and dimensions, but not for categories. Functional independence from human/mechanical assistance was particularly noted. Recommendation for future research concerns replicating this study using a control group of rheumatoid arthritics treated by traditional medical approaches.

The purpose of this study was to describe the therapeutic interventions used for people with limited function of the hand due to osteoarthrtis or rheumatoid arthritis. The study was accomplished through a literature studie. Data were collected through a search of databases considering the criteras for inclusion or exclusion that were established by the authors before the search. Twelve articles were included in the study and analysed through a qualitative content analysis. Fivedifferent categories of occupational interventions were revealed through the analysis. The categories are orthotics, heat and cold treatment, information and education, strength and range of motion exercises and training in activity of daily life. The result of the analysis continued with an interpretation of OTIPM to furher iluminate the occupational focus of activity. A minority of the occupational interventions used as treatment of clients with a limited function of the hand due to osteoarthrits or rheumatoid arthritis correspond to the focus of activity described in OTIPM. / Validerat; 20110607 (anonymous)

Balb/c normal mice were used to study the effects of gold sodium thiomalate (GST) on intact, nonadherent, and adherent mononuclear spleen cells. The three populations were tested for the following aspects: in vitro effects of GST on the mitogen-triggered DNA synthesis; intracellular levels of cyclic AMP; and chemotaxis ability. These studies showed that GST inhibited the proliferative responses of all three populations as the concentration of GST increased. Cyclic AMP levels in the nonadherent population increased as the GST concentration increased. GST had a biphasic effect on the adherent population. At concentrations of 5 and 10 jag/ml, GST suppressed the cyclic AMP levels, and at concentration of 50 pg/ml it enhanced the cyclic AMP levels. GST had no effect on the cyclic AMP levels in the intact mononuclear spleen cells. GST appeared to have an inhibitory effect on the chemotaxis ability of all three populations of spleen cells.

Abstract not available