A dança e a música dos Cocos e Sambas de Caboclo, do Samba rural e das Cirandas e cantigas de roda, por suas características próprias de ludicidade e de significação cultural, são o território das experiências estéticas e saberes dos jogos rapsódicos. Esta pesquisa propõe uma pedagogia das artes cênicas através de uma educação corporal e musical que integra tais saberes e experiências da dança popular e da música nos processos de criação e aprendizagem do atuante. Deste modo, os jogos rapsódicos são brincadeiras cantadas, dançadas, tocadas e contadas que colocam em movimento as vozes poéticas e corporeidades do narrador e do brincante das nossas celebrações e práticas culturais, para complementar as teorias e métodos da pedagogia das artes cênicas ensinados no Brasil. / Dance and music of Coco and Caboclo\'s Samba, from rural Samba and from Cirandas, Northeastern Brazilian circle dances, for their own playful features and their cultural meaning, are territory for aesthetic experiments, and knowledge for the rhapsodic games. This research proposes performimg art pedagogy by means of body and musical education, which integrates such knowledge and experience of popular dance and music into the actor\'s processes of learning and creation. Thus, rhapsodic games are sung, danced, played and told games, which prompt the poetic voices and corporeity of narrators and players from our celebrations and cultural practices, in order to complement the theories and methods of the performing art pedagogy taught in Brazil.

A dança e a música dos Cocos e Sambas de Caboclo, do Samba rural e das Cirandas e cantigas de roda, por suas características próprias de ludicidade e de significação cultural, são o território das experiências estéticas e saberes dos jogos rapsódicos. Esta pesquisa propõe uma pedagogia das artes cênicas através de uma educação corporal e musical que integra tais saberes e experiências da dança popular e da música nos processos de criação e aprendizagem do atuante. Deste modo, os jogos rapsódicos são brincadeiras cantadas, dançadas, tocadas e contadas que colocam em movimento as vozes poéticas e corporeidades do narrador e do brincante das nossas celebrações e práticas culturais, para complementar as teorias e métodos da pedagogia das artes cênicas ensinados no Brasil. / Dance and music of Coco and Caboclo\'s Samba, from rural Samba and from Cirandas, Northeastern Brazilian circle dances, for their own playful features and their cultural meaning, are territory for aesthetic experiments, and knowledge for the rhapsodic games. This research proposes performimg art pedagogy by means of body and musical education, which integrates such knowledge and experience of popular dance and music into the actor\'s processes of learning and creation. Thus, rhapsodic games are sung, danced, played and told games, which prompt the poetic voices and corporeity of narrators and players from our celebrations and cultural practices, in order to complement the theories and methods of the performing art pedagogy taught in Brazil.

"Endymion" è il traît d'union tra i juvenilia di Keats ("Poems", 1817) e i suoi lavori più conosciuti ("Lamia, Isabella ... and other Poems"). Per sua natura, è un'opera di transizione e quindi concede allo studioso un punto di vista privilegiato sullo sviluppo della poetica e della lingua di Keats. Inoltre, l'"Endymion" è l'opera keatsiana più aspramente contestata dalla critica romantica. Gli studiosi moderni hanno analizzato il problema alla luce di considerazioni socio-politiche, il mio lavoro mira invece ad un'analisi più strettamente linguistica. Ricostruisco il contesto linguistico del diciottesimo e diciannovesimo secolo al fine di spiegare il disagio dei recensori nei confronti di "Endymion". Sostengo che il prescrittivismo del Settecento nasce da una profonda ansia relativa alla lingua, causata dalle teorie di Locke. L'atteggiamento prescrittivista influenza la critica romantica e i critici di Keats in particolare, più di quanto potessero fare considerazioni di natura politica. Analizzo le peculiarità linguistiche e strutturali di "Endymion" al fine di provare che Keats elabora una 'poetica dell'incontrollabilità', una serie di strategie stilistiche e testuali, che violano le convenzioni linguistiche e narrative e che vengono quindi percepite come destabilizzanti e stranianti. / "Endymion" is the traît d’union between Keats’s juvenilia ("Poems", 1817)and his better known, and, conventionally, ’mature’ works ("Lamia, Is- abella ... and other Poems", 1820). By its nature, it is a transitional work, and thus gives the scholar special insight into the development of Keats’s poetics and idiom. Moreover, "Endymion" is the Keatsian work which most irritated and provoked contemporary critics; the two pieces of venomous invective it received in the periodical press of the time have become the stuff of scholarly legend. Recent scholarly work has analysed the language of "Endymion" in socio-political terms; my work focuses on more strictly linguistic concerns. I reconstruct the linguistic context of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries in order to explain the reviewers’ unease with regard to "Endymion". I maintain that eighteenth-century prescriptivism arose from a deep-seated anxiety regarding language, Lockian in origin, and that the ensuing desire to stabilize and therefore control language informed Romantic criticism in general, and the criticism of Keats’s work in particular, more fundamentally than politics could or did. I analyse the imaginative and linguistic markers of "Endymion" in order to prove that Keats had elaborated a “poetics of uncontrollability”, a series of textual and stylistic strategies, which violated linguistic and narrative standards and were therefore perceived as unsettling.

Colonialism in Africa had an impact on the indigenous peoples of Africa and this is shown in some of their games. The purpose of this study is to gain deeper insight into Basotho children's games and to demonstrate that the Western ideas of music and games are not necessarily the same as Basotho folk children's conceptions. The literature on Basotho children's games is reviewed though not much has been contributed by early and present Basotho writers who have generally approached it from the angle of literature without transcribing the songs. The Sesotho word for games (lipapali) embraces entertainment but a further investigation of it shows that aspects of learning of which the children were aware in some cases and in others they were not aware, are present. These are supported by musical examples and texts. The definition of play versus games is treated (with regard to infants and children) and these two concepts are still receiving constant attention and investigation by scholars and researchers as the words are synonymous and can be misleading. Infants' play is unorganised and spontaneous while games are organised structures. Furthermore, play and games are important in child development education. In this study, they are given attention in order to lay the foundation for the understanding and interpretation of games used in both cultures. It is a misconception that African children's games are accompanied with music in the Western sense. Hence, the word `music' in Sesotho children's games takes on a different connotation from those in the West. Music' in Sesotho children's games embraces not only tunes that are sung, but game verses chanted in a rhythmic manner as opposed to spoken verse. Yet, mino (music) exists in Sesotho and is equivalent to the Western idea. These chanted rhythms and games are analysed against the backdrop of specific cultural dimensions for children depending on the function of the game played. The results of this study indicated that though the idea of music in children's games is not the same, games are an educational in character building and learning. Recommendations are made for educationists and music educators. / ART HIST, VIS ARTS & MUSIC / DLITT ET PHIL (MUSICOLOGY)

Colonialism in Africa had an impact on the indigenous peoples of Africa and this is shown in some of their games. The purpose of this study is to gain deeper insight into Basotho children's games and to demonstrate that the Western ideas of music and games are not necessarily the same as Basotho folk children's conceptions. The literature on Basotho children's games is reviewed though not much has been contributed by early and present Basotho writers who have generally approached it from the angle of literature without transcribing the songs. The Sesotho word for games (lipapali) embraces entertainment but a further investigation of it shows that aspects of learning of which the children were aware in some cases and in others they were not aware, are present. These are supported by musical examples and texts. The definition of play versus games is treated (with regard to infants and children) and these two concepts are still receiving constant attention and investigation by scholars and researchers as the words are synonymous and can be misleading. Infants' play is unorganised and spontaneous while games are organised structures. Furthermore, play and games are important in child development education. In this study, they are given attention in order to lay the foundation for the understanding and interpretation of games used in both cultures. It is a misconception that African children's games are accompanied with music in the Western sense. Hence, the word `music' in Sesotho children's games takes on a different connotation from those in the West. Music' in Sesotho children's games embraces not only tunes that are sung, but game verses chanted in a rhythmic manner as opposed to spoken verse. Yet, mino (music) exists in Sesotho and is equivalent to the Western idea. These chanted rhythms and games are analysed against the backdrop of specific cultural dimensions for children depending on the function of the game played. The results of this study indicated that though the idea of music in children's games is not the same, games are an educational in character building and learning. Recommendations are made for educationists and music educators. / ART HIST, VIS ARTS and MUSIC / DLITT ET PHIL (MUSICOLOGY)