Thesis--Barcelona, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references.

In this research work it is strived to examine some of the elements of mathematics analysis such as function, derivative, line, which were published in the textbooks for the higher schools in the 4th decade in the XX th century in Lithuania. These elements were analyzed separately, examining the theory presented in the textbooks of Ketarauskas, Juška, Vaičekauskas, Šikšnys of the afore-mentioned time. It is compared with the facts, proofs, tasks and solution methods which are presented in the textbooks for secondary schools of Lithuanian authors (end of the XX th century). In such a way, not only theory, but practical tasks, illustrating the teaching material, were examined, strengthening theoretical knowledge, forming logical and critical thinking.

No description available.

Diss.--Romanistisches Institut des Fachbereichs Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaften--Universität Regensburg, 1988.

Si, avec Max Weber, on admet la puissance des "obstacles spirituels" de type religieux et la profonde immixtion de l'Islam dans la vie - tant individuelle que sociale- des sociétés musulmanes, n'est- on pas fondé à s'interroger sur la viabilité, au sein de ces sociétés, de modèles financiers "occidentaux" où l'intérêt, déclaré ribâ par la plupart des fuqaha [jurisconsultes], joue un rôle prééminent ? A l'inverse, existe-t-il un "modèle financier islamique" capable de constituer, au moins pour les sociétés musulmanes, une alternative crédible aux multiples impasses auxquelles y mèneraient les modèles financiers dits "conventionnels" tels que développés par "le monde occidental" ? Ce "modèle" peut-il être fondé uniquement sur la prohibition de l'intérêt ? Et d'ailleurs, en quoi l'intérêt est-il ribâ ?… Tout intérêt est-il ribâ ? Telles sont quelques unes des questions qui ne cessent de hanter tous ceux qui se sont intéressés aux problèmes de (sous) développement en terre d'Islam. C'est, quelque part à l'intersection de ces deux faisceaux de questions qu'est né la "finance islamique". L'objet de cette thèse est d'étudier, par les outils de l'anthropologie, les mécanismes économiques d'expression de ce phénomène dans le contexte de la Mauritanie d'aujourd'hui / AIf we accept, with Max Weber, the power of religious "spiritual obstacles" and the deep interference of Islam in the life -individual and social as well- of Islamic societies, we can wonder about the viability, within theses societies, of financial "western" models, where interest, which is declared as usury by most jurists, plays a pre-eminent role. Conversely, is there an "Islamic financial model" able to constitute, at least for Islamic societies themselves, a credible alternative for multiple deadlocks in which conduct financial models called "conventional" as developed by "the western world?" Can this "model" be only based upon ribâ interdiction? Furthermore, in what thing interest does it constitute ribâ ? Is all interest ribâ ? These are some 6 ones among questions which always haunt all those interested in problems of (under) development in Islam land. It is somewhere at the intersection of those two sets of questions that "Islamic finance" was born. This thesis intends to study, through anthropology tools, economic mechanisms of this phenomenon expression in the context of Mauritania today

Submitted by Ana Maria Fiscina Sampaio (fiscina@bahia.fiocruz.br) on 2012-07-18T19:50:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Felicidade Mota Pereira Avaliação da utilização do teste....pdf: 1069374 bytes, checksum: 6d5e3ef5ace61dfaf117c001157d5cec (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-18T19:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felicidade Mota Pereira Avaliação da utilização do teste....pdf: 1069374 bytes, checksum: 6d5e3ef5ace61dfaf117c001157d5cec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz. Salvador, Bahia, Brasil / A infecção pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) é comumente assintomática e apresenta uma elevada taxa de cronicidade, podendo evoluir para cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular. O diagnóstico da hepatite C é realizado através da pesquisa de anticorpos pelo teste de ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) e confirmado por testes suplementares, tais como o RIBA (Recombinant Immunoblot Assay) e westernblot e teste confirmatório, como a pesquisa do VHC-RNA. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia do RIBA no diagnóstico da infecção pelo VHC em doadores de sangue com anti-VHC reagente. Foram analisadas 102 amostras com resultado de anti-VHC reagente na HEMOBA, utilizando-se o teste anti-VHC Architect Abbott por quimioluminescência para detecção dos anticorpos anti-VHC, o RIBA III (CHIRON) como teste suplementar para as amostras anti-VHC reagentes e indeterminadas e a Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (RT-PCR) convencional ou em tempo real (Amplicor Roche) para detecção do VHC-RNA. As amostras com VHC-RNA detectável foram genotipadas por hibridização reversa (LIPA; SIEMENS). Das 102 amostras analisadas no LACEN, 38,2% (39/102) foram reagentes, 57,8% (59/102) foram não reagentes e 3,9% (4/102) foram indeterminadas para o anti-VHC. Os resultados do RIBA foram 58,1% (25/43) positivos, 9,3% (4/43) negativos e 32,6% (14/43) indeterminados. Todas as amostras com resultado de RIBA indeterminado tiveram carga viral indetectável. As bandas predominantes nas amostras indeterminadas foram c33 e c22. Das amostras indeterminadas no RIBA, repetidas após seis meses com nova coleta, 20% (2/10) negativaram e 71,4% (10/14) permaneceram RIBA indeterminado. Destas, (8/10) continuaram indeterminadas com o mesmo padrão de bandas. O VHC-RNA foi realizado em todas as amostras do estudo (102) e foi detectável em apenas 22,5% (23/102). Todas as amostras com VHC-RNA detectável foram RIBA positivo e tinham índex maior que cinco na relação S/CO. Em apenas duas amostras que tiveram resultado de RIBA positivo, o VHC-RNA não foi detectado. As 23 amostras com VHC-RNA detectável foram genotipadas, sendo 78,3% (18/23) do genótipo 1, 17,4% (4/23) do genótipo 3 e 4,3% (1/23) do genótipo 2. A positividade do anti-VHC associou-se com o uso de droga intranasal (< 0,001), com drogas injetáveis (< 0,001)) e ocorrência de DST (< 0,05). Diante dos resultados encontrados, observa-se que o RIBA apresenta um elevado número de resultados indeterminados, sendo necessária a realização do VHC-RNA para a confirmação da infecção pelo VHC. Indivíduos com resultado de anti-VHC índex menor que cinco e resultado de RIBA indeterminado têm grande probabilidade de não apresentarem o VHC-RNA detectável e portanto, de não estarem infectados pelo VHC, mas devem ser acompanhados sorologicamente, de acordo com o critério médico. / The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is usually asymptomatic and has a high rate of chronicity, which may progress to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The hepatitis C diagnosis is realized by antibodies research using ELISA test (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and confirmed by additional serological tests, such as RIBA (Recombinant Immunoblot Assay) and westernblot, and confirmatory test, like HCV-RNA research. The objective of this study was to evaluate the RIBA efficacy in the diagnosis of HCV infection in blood donors with anti-HCV reagent. Were analyzed 102 samples with anti-HCV reagent in HEMOBA using the anti-HCV test Abbott Architect chemiluminescence for detection of anti-HCV antibodies, the RIBA III (Chiron) as a supplemental test for anti-HCV reactive and indeterminate samples and the Polymerase Chain Reaction test (RT-PCR) conventional or realtime (Roche Amplicor) for HCV-RNA detection. Samples with HCV-RNA detectable were genotyped by reverse hybridization (LIPA SIEMENS). Of the 102 samples analyzed in LACEN 38.2% (39/102) were positive, 57.8% (59/102) were negative and 3.9% (4 / 102) were indeterminate for anti-HCV. The RIBA results were 58.1% (25/43) positive, 9.3% (4 / 43) negative and 32.6% (14/43) indeterminate. All samples with indeterminate RIBA results had undetectable viral load. The predominant bands in the indeterminate RIBA samples were c33 and c22. Of the RIBA indeterminate samples, repeated after six months with a new collection, 20% (2 / 10) became negative and 71.4% (10/14) remained indeterminate. Of these, (8 / 10) remained undetermined with the same banding pattern. HCV-RNA was performed in all study samples (102) and was detectable in only 22.5% (23/102). All samples with detectable HCV-RNA were RIBA positive and had more than five in the ratio index S / CO. Only two samples had RIBA positive results with HCV-RNA not detected. The 23 samples with detectable HCV-RNA were genotyped, and 78.3% (18/23) were genotype 1, 17.4% (4 / 23) genotype 3 and 4.3% (1 / 23) genotype 2 . The anti-HCV positivity was associated with intranasal drug use (p<0.001), injectable drugs (p<0.001)) and STDs (p<0.05). Given the results, it is noted that the RIBA has a high number of indeterminate results, requiring the HCVRNA detection for HCV infection confirmation. Individuals with anti-HCV index below five, and indeterminate RIBA results are likely undetectable HCV-RNA and therefore are not infected with HCV, but must be serologically accompanied, according to medical criteria.

La récente crise financière a mis en relief les failles d'un système financier international basé sur des opérations à haut degré de spéculation et une déconnexion entre l'économie réelle et l'économie financière. Elle a ainsi marqué l'avènement d'une ère nouvelle pour une finance éthique islamique. Visant principalement le bien-être de la société et le développement économique, la finance islamique consacre des principes de solidarité et de justice sociale. A ces fins, elle exige la licéité des secteurs de l'investissement, prohibe toute forme d'intérêt et d'incertitude excessive, favorise le partage des profits et des pertes entre les contractants et met aussi l'accent sur l'exigence de la tangibilité de l'actif financé. Sur la base de ces principes, elle adopte des montages contractuels de financement compatibles avec la charia, comme la moudaraba, moucharaka, ijara, mourabaha, etc. Toutefois, les piliers fondamentaux de cette finance ne lui sont pas proprement exclusifs. L'esprit général du droit français partage avec la finance islamique quelques principes et permet également de mettre en place des contrats de financement qui trouvent leurs correspondants dans la finance islamique. Ainsi, sans contredire la laïcité du droit français, la France peut ambitionner de devenir le « leader européen » de la finance islamique. Cette ambition se manifeste par un soutien fort de la part des autorités et par des aménagements dans son cadre juridique et fiscal. Notre étude démontre qu'il existe une concordance conceptuelle entre la finance islamique et la finance conventionnelle mais que leur mise en œuvre emprunte des voies différentes. L'accueil et la promotion de la finance islamique en France ne semblent pas impossibles mais peuvent évidemment se heurter à des obstacles en droit français et à des faiblesses en finance islamique. Certaines réformes sont souhaitables tant au niveau du droit français qu'au niveau de la finance islamique pour pouvoir s'adapter plus harmonieusement et améliorer le financement de l'économie mondiale. / The recent financial crisis has highlighted the fragilities of an international financial system based on operations with high-level of speculation and disconnect between the real and financial economy. It has then marked the approach of a new era of an ethical Islamic finance. Aiming primarily at the well-being of society and the economic development, Islamic finance embodies the principles of solidarity and social justice. For these purposes, it requires investing in the permissible sectors; prohibits any form of interest and excessive uncertainty; promotes the sharing of profit and loss between contracting parties and focuses on the tangibility of the financed assets. Based on these principles, it adopts sharia compliant financial mechanisms such as moudaraba, mousharaka, ijara, mourabaha, etc. However, such fundamental pillars are not strictly exclusive to the Islamic finance. The general spirit of the French law shares some principles with the Islamic finance and permits as well to implement financing agreements that have their correspondents therein. Thus, without prejudice to the secular nature of the French law, France can aspire to become the “European leader” of Islamic finance. This ambition is asserted through the strong support of the authorities and the amendments of its legal and fiscal framework. Our study shows that there is a conceptual similarity between Islamic finance and conventional finance but their implementation takes different paths. The introduction and the promotion of the Islamic finance in France do not seem to be impossible but may obviously face obstacles at the French level and weaknesses at the Islamic level. Some reforms are desirable in both the French law and the Islamic finance so that they can adapt more smoothly and improve the financing of the global economy.

Texte remanié de: Dissertação de mestrado--Universidade do Porto. / Contient le texte latin de : "Costumeiro de Pombeiro" Bibliogr. p. 411-417.

Darbe išsiaiškinus žemės sklypo ribos sampratą ir jos teisinį reglamentavimą nustatoma kas tai yra žemės sklypo riba.Vėliau įsigilinus į žemės sklypo ribos netikslumo sampratą ir palyginus ribų matavimus reglamentuojančių teisės aktų pokyčius laike, nustatoma kas tai yra žemės sklypo ribos netikslumas. Išnagrinėjus žemės valdymo sąvoką, ištyrus galimybę atsirasti nuosavybės teisei per valdymą ir apžvelgus žemės valdymo įrodinėjimo būdus, nustatoma kas tai yra žemės sklypo valdymas ir kokias pasekmes, bei rezultatus jis duoda. Išanalizavus faktinio žemės valdymo reikšmę atidalinant bendraturčių žem�� ir nustatant žemės sklypo ribą, pateikiama išvada ar žemės sklypų ribos gali būti nustatomos pagal faktiškai valdomus sklypus, kai pagal matavimo dokumentus riba nėra tiksli. / Lithuania had been occupied by the Soviet Union. At that time there was no private property in the Soviet Union and in Lithuania either. When Lithuania became independent its nation chose democracy. Private properties recognition in a legal level was very important part of a new independent countries life. This law branch had to be created almost from the very beginning. But this was not really true. Because it was decided in Lithuania to recognize and restore rights for those people whose property, or whose ancestors’ property had been nationalized by the Soviet Union. Also it was decided to regard those people possession who gained it from the Soviet Union, but who in fact hadn’t done anything wrong. Restoring old property rights Lithuanias legislators at the same time had constantly to integrate developing new ownership tendencies in the world into Lithuanias legal system in order not to get much behind the other countries. Adjusting all these goals was not easy. And there have been some mistakes. This is the main reason why property survey documents are often inaccurate in Lithuania now. The problem arose mostly because of changing laws regulating land and surveys too often. A situation when a boundary in the contiguous lands surveys doesn’t match with each other is quite often in Lithuania nowadays. It is declared, in Lithuanias Civil Code Section 4.45, part 1 that, when there is an argument between the owners because of the boundary of the contiguous lands, the court... [to full text]

Flavinmononukleotid (FMN) und Flavin-Adenin-Dinukleotid (FAD) gehören zu den wichtigsten Redox-Coenzymen und sind an zentralen Stoffwechselprozessen aller Organismen beteiligt. Sie entstehen aus Riboflavin (Vitamin B2). Das bifunktionale RIBA Enzym, das Peptiddomänen für die GTP Cyclohydrolase II (GCHII) und 3,4-Dihydroxy-2-Butanon-4-Phosphat-Synthase (DHBPS) Aktivität umfasst, führt die beiden ersten Schritte der Riboflavin Biosynthese in Pflanzen durch. Die RIBA Proteine werden durch drei Gene in Arabidopsis thaliana und anderen Blütenpflanzen kodiert. Eines der Ziele war es, die physiologischen Rollen der drei RIBA Isoformen aufzuklären. Detaillierte enzymatische Untersuchungen wurden mit rekombinanten RIBA Proteinen IN VITRO durchgeführt. Es wurde gezeigt, dass RIBA2 und RIBA3 jeweils die GCHII oder die DHBPS Aktivität verloren haben. Des Weiteren konnte die Phosphorylierung von RIBA1, sowie die Hemmung von dessen GCHII Aktivität durch FMN nachgewiesen werden. Ein Knockout von RIBA1 führte zu Embryoletalität. Die schrittweise Reduzierung des RIBA1 Proteingehaltes in Arabidopsis, welches zu einem verringerten Flavingehalt führte, ergab einen schwerwiegenden Bleichungsphänotyp. Die konstitutive Antisense-Mutante, sowie das Verfahren des Virus-induzierten Gen-„Silencing“ wurden verwendet, um den durch RIBA1-Mangel hervorgerufenen Flavin-Defizienz-Effekt zu beschreiben. Eine Metabolomics Analyse ergab, dass die Abnahme des Flavingehaltes zu einer Deregulierung verschiedener Zitronensäurezyklus assoziierten Flavoenzyme und zu einer starken Reduktion der katabolischen Kapazität diverser Aminosäuren führt, während flavinabhängige Stickstoffassimilationsprozesse eher priorisiert wurden. Diese Arbeit leistet einen Beitrag zur Erweiterung des Kenntnisstands über den pflanzlichen Riboflavin Biosyntheseweg, sowie zum Verständnis über die Folgen von Flavinmangel in Pflanzen. Darüber hinaus wird hier der erste Versuch zu Erhöhung des Vitamin B2-Gehalt in Pflanzen beschrieben. / Flavin mononucleotide (FMN) and Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) belong to the main redox coenzymes and are involved in central metabolic processes. They derive from riboflavin also referred to as vitamin B2. The bifunctional RIBA enzyme, which comprises peptide domains for GTP cyclohydrolase II (GCHII) and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-butanone-4-phosphate synthase (DHBPS) activity, performs the two initial steps of riboflavin biosynthesis in plants. Three genes encode RIBA proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana and many other flowering plants. One of the main aims of this study was to elucidate the physiological roles of the three RIBA isoforms. Detailed enzymatic studies were performed with recombinant RIBA proteins IN VITRO. It revealed for RIBA2 and RIBA3 the loss of either GCHII or DHBPS activity, respectively. The phosphorylation of RIBA1 as well as the inhibition of its GCHII activity by FMN could be demonstrated. A knockout of RIBA1, encoding the dominant RIBA isoform, led to embryo lethality. The gradual reduction of the RIBA1 protein content in Arabidopsis was associated with reduced flavin amounts and a severe bleaching phenotype that was caused by the gradual loss of pigments during leaf development. Flavin deficiency effects caused by RIBA1 depletion were characterised with a constitutive antisense mutant and the virus induced gene silencing method. A comprehensive metabolite profiling, revealed that the loss of almost one third of total flavin content led to a deregulation of several citric acid cycle-associated flavoenzymes. Moreover, a severe reduction of the catabolic capacity of numerous amino acids is seen, while seemingly flavin-dependent processes of the nitrogen assimilation are prioritised. In summary, this thesis contributes to the extended knowledge about the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway as well as to the understanding about consequences of flavin deficiency in plants. Moreover, the first attempt to increase the vitamin B2 content in plants is presented.