The subject matter of this theses is a static design and appraisal of a structure of the planetarium roof. It is a cupola over the circular plan and consists of two radial arched ribs. This theses contains two varieties of its structure.

This study attempts to understand one of the most fundamental and challenging problems in fluid flow and heat transfer for rotating machines. The study focuses on gas turbines and electric generators for high temperature and high energy density applications, respectively, both which employ rotating cooling channels so that materials do not fail under high temperature and high stress environment. Prediction of fluid flow and heat transfer inside internal cooling channels that rotate at high rotation number and high density ratio similar to those that are existing in turbine blades and generator rotors is the main focus of this study. Both smooth-wall and rib-roughened channels are considered here. Rotation, buoyancy, bends, ribs and boundary conditions affect the flow inside theses channels. Ribs are introduced inside internal cooling channel in order to enhance the heat transfer rate. The use of ribs causes rapid increase in the supply pressure, which is already limited in a turbine or a generator and requires high cost for manufacturing. Hence careful optimization is needed to justify the use of ribs. Increasing rotation number (Ro) is another approach to increase heat transfer rate to values that are comparable to those achieved by introduction of ribs. One objective of this research is to study and compare theses two approaches in order to decide the optimum range of application and a possible replacement of the high-cost and complex ribs by increasing Ro. A fully computational approach is employed in this study. On the basis of comparison between two-equation (k-[epsilon] and k-[omega]) and RSM turbulence models, against limited available experimental data, it is concluded that the two-equation turbulence models cannot predict the anisotropic turbulent flow field and heat transfer correctly, while RSM showed improved prediction. For the near wall region, two approaches with standard wall functions and enhanced near wall treatment were investigated. The enhanced near wall approach showed superior results to the standard wall functions approach. Thus RSM with enhanced near wall treatment is validated against available experimental data (which are primarily at low rotation and buoyancy numbers). The model was then used for cases with high Ro (as much as 1.29) and high-density ratios (DR) (up to 0.4). Particular attention is given to how turbulence intensity, Reynolds stresses and transport are affected by Coriolis and buoyancy/centrifugal forces caused by high levels of Ro and DR. Variations of flow total pressure along the rotating channel are also predicted. The results obtained are explained in view of physical interpretation of Coriolis and centrifugal forces. Investigation of channels with smooth and with rib-roughened walls that are rotating about an orthogonal axis showed that increasing Ro always enhances turbulence and the heat transfer rate, while at high Ro, increasing DR although causes higher turbulence activity but does not necessarily increase Nu and in some locations even decreases Nu. The increasing thermal boundary layer thickness near walls is the possible reason for this behavior of Nu. The heat transfer enhancement for smooth-wall cases correlates linearly with Ro (with other parameters are kept constant) and hence it is possible to derive linear correlation for the increase in Nu as a function of Ro. Investigation of channels with rib-roughened walls that rotate about orthogonal axis showed that 4-side-average Nur correlates with Ro linearly, where a linear correlation for Nur/Nus as a function of Ro is derived. It is also observed that the heat transfer rate on smooth-wall channel can be enhanced rapidly by increasing Ro to values that are comparable to the enhancement due to the introduction of ribs inside internal cooling channels. This observation suggests that ribs may be unnecessary in high-speed machines, and has tremendous implications for possible cost savings in these machines. In square channels that rotate about parallel axis, the heat transfer rate enhances with Ro on three surfaces of the square channel and decreases on the inner surface (that is the one closest to the axis of rotation). However, the four-sides average Nu increases with Ro. Increasing wall heat flux at high Ro does not necessarily increase Nu on walls although higher turbulence activity is observed. This study examines the rich interplay of physics under the simultaneous actions of Coriolis and centrifugal/buoyancy forces in one of the most challenging internal flow configurations. Several important conclusions are reached from this computational study that may have far-reaching implications on how turbine blades and generator rotors are currently designed. Since the computation study in not validated for high Ro cases, these important results call for a experimental investigation.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Asteraceae (=Compositae) is one of the largest families of plants, comprises about 1,600 genera and 23,000 species. The family has a wide distribution in Brazil occurring in different vegetation formations. The Disynaphiinae and Praxelinae subtribes belong to Eupatorieae tribe, which currently has 19 subtribes. The cypselae and its accessory parts (pappus and carpopodium) have great taxonomic value and can be used as diagnostic to differentiate or group species and even genera. The boundaries between some genera are not well defined based on morphological usual features. The study of the morphology of cypselae in Disynaphiinae and Praxelinae will contribute to the characterization and can understanding their infrageneric relations. The aim is to describe the structure of the pericarp of the mature fruit of the representatives of Disynaphiinae and Praxelinae as well as the varieties of Chromolaena squalida, seeking common morphological characteristics distinct to these groups. Thereunto, we used a scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. The trichomes, pericarp structure, and accessory parts of cypselae proved useful in taxonomic groups revealing a close relationship between species of each of the subtribes. These features were also important to exclude species e. g. Disynaphia praeficta. Our study also supports the varieties of Chromolaena squalida, allowing the correct identification. The phytomelanin was present in all cypselae studied, but their arrangement differs among the subtribes. The correlation between the number of bundles and ribs is not fixed in Praxelinae and ribs were not always associated with vascular bundles. / Asteraceae (= Compositae) é uma das maiores famílias de plantas, compreende cerca de 1.600 gêneros e 23.000 espécies. A família apresenta no Brasil uma ampla distribuição em diferentes formações vegetacionais. As subtribos Disynaphiinae e Praxelinae pertencem à tribo Eupatorieae, que atualmente apresenta 19 subtribos. As cipselas e suas partes acessórias (pápus e carpopódio) possuem grande valor taxonômico e podem ser usados como diagnósticos para diferenciar ou agrupar espécies e até gêneros. Os limites entre alguns gêneros não são bem definidos baseado nas características morfológicas tradicionais.O estudo da morfologia das cipselas em Disynaphiinae e Praxelinae contribuirá para a caracterização e o entendimento das relações infragenéricas nestas subtribos. O objetivou-se, com esta dissertação, descrever a micromorfologia e a estrutura do pericarpo do fruto maduro dos representantes de Disynaphiinae e Praxelinae, bem como das variedades de Chromolaena squalida, buscando características morfológicas comuns e distintas a estes grupos. Para isso, utilizou-se a Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura e a Microscopia de luz. Nas subtribos Disynaphiinae e Praxelinae, características analisadas como o indumento, a estrutura do pericarpo e partes acessórias das cipselas, mostraram-se úteis na taxonomia dos grupos, revelando a proximidade entre as espécies de cada uma das subtribos, tais características também foram importantes na rejeição de espécies (Disynaphia praeficta). O presente estudo suporta as variedades de Chromolaena squalida, permitindo a correta identificação. A fitomelanina esteve presente em todas as cipselas, porém o arranjo dessa camada difere nas subtribos estudadas. A correlação entre o número de feixes vasculares e a presença de costelas não é fixa em Praxelinae e as costelas não necessariamente estavam associadas com feixes vasculares. / Mestre em Biologia Vegetal

The subject of this diploma thesis is design and static assessment of timber load bearing structure of multipurpose building in Plzeň. It is cupola consited of two radial curved ribs above a triangle ground plan with one oval edge. I got this shape by cutting the cupola vertically on these two triangle edges and that created two walls of the construction. The largest ground plan dimension of load bearing structure is 54,4 meters and the maximum height is +18,0 meters. The design is processed in two various drafts.

Title The most often problems in shoulder girdle of women basketball players and options of physiotherapeutic affect. Objectives The main goal of the thesis is in theoretical part to summarize potentional problems in shoulder girdle of basketball players, options and solutions of these problems. There is complex examination of shoulder girdle of dominant upper limb of women basketball players in an experimental part and figure out where is the main problem in this part. Methods There are two parts of the thesis, the first one is the theoretical background for second experimental part where complex functional physiotherapeutic examination of shoulder girdle with using of aspection, palpation and special tests for shoulder girdle were made. The most often problems in shoulder girdle of women basketball player has been determined by using the results of testing process. Results Testing of shoulder girdle of women basketball players showed how often blockage of ribs is. Blockage of fifth rib was present in 90% of the probands, frequent was also decentred position of shoulder and shoulder blade, hypertone of upper fixators of shoulder blade and pectoral muscles. Most of probands had restriction of passive motion to segment in thoracic spine and hypermobility of shoulder. Often was present weakness of...

This master thesis work presents the development of a parameterized automated generic model for the structural design of an aircraft wing. Furthermore, in order to perform finite element analysis on the aircraft wing geometry, the process of finite element mesh generation is automated. Aircraft conceptual design is inherently a multi-disciplinary design process which involves a large number of disciplines and expertise. In this thesis work, it is investigated how high-end CAD software‟s can be used in the early stages of an aircraft design process, especially for the design of an aircraft wing and its structural entities wing spars and wing ribs. The generic model that is developed in this regard is able to automate the process of creation and modification of the aircraft wing geometry based on a series of parameters which define the geometrical characteristics of wing panels, wing spars and wing ribs.Two different approaches are used for the creation of the generic model of an aircraft wing which are “Knowledge Pattern” and “PowerCopy with Visual Basic Scripting” using the CATIA V5 software. A performance comparison of the generic wing model based on these two approaches is also performed. In the early stages of the aircraft design process, an estimate of the structural characteristic of the aircraft wing is desirable for which a surface structural analysis (using 2D mesh elements) is more suitable. In this regard, the process of finite element mesh generation for the generic wing model is automated. The finite element mesh is generated for the wing panels, wing spars and wing ribs. Furthermore, the finite element mesh is updated based on any changes in geometry and the shape of the wing panels, wing spars or wing ribs, and ensure that all the mesh elements are always properly connected at the nodes. The automated FE mesh generated can be used for performing the structural analysis on an aircraft wing.

Abstract The influence of rotating and cross flow effect on local heat transfer coefficient and flow visualization for a single confined air/water jet with jet-to-wall spacing from 5 to 11.4, jet Reynolds number from 6500 to 26000, rotational Reynolds number from 0 to 112000, curvature ratio from 150 to , ratio of crossflow massflux to jet mass flux from 0 to 2, and the heat flux from 1430 to 12890W/m2 were reported. The local heat transfer coefficient for air/water along the surface is measured and the effect of the rotation, the jet-to-wall spacing, the surface curvature, local and average Nusselt number, are presented and discussed. Furthermore, flow visualization was made in the present study. Based on the experimental result, it is found that the rotation will induce the centrifugal and coriolis force. It also shows that the heat transfer response will be decreased when the impinging direction parallel to the rotating direction, and increased when impinging direction perpendicular to the rotating direction. Crossflow effect will make Nusselt number decrease to 48% when M=2. Moreover, the roughen surface will increase the heat transfer coefficient up to 22% due to the secondary flow. The flow visualization is used to observe the transition of laminar to turbulence flow and to calculate the boundary layer thickness.

The subject matter of this diploma thesis is a design timber structure of riding hall. The hall is a one nave building. The dimensions of ground plans is 32,0m x 70,0m and the hall is 10,0 meters high. The load-bearing structure consists of arched ribs.This timber structure composed of glued laminated timber. The building is located in Valašské Meziříčí, climate loads are designed for the area. The calculation were made in accordance with the Czech technical norms ČSN EN. The structural design and analysis is performed by software SCIA Engineer 17.

The discussion of the master’s thesis is static analysis of residental building. The thesis details the original solution from assesment and a new design variant solution. The work is focused on static solution of monolithic concrete plate with ribs and is devoted to limit states assessment of the plate with ribs. The thesis includes a time analysis structure and prestressed ribs in the new variant.

RIPPLY2 is an essential part of the formation of somite patterning during embryogenesis and in establishment of rostro-caudal polarity. Here, we describe three individuals from two families with compound-heterozygous variants in RIPPLY2 (NM_001009994.2): c.238A > T, p.(Arg80*) and c.240-4 T > G, p.(?), in two 15 and 20-year-old sisters, and a homozygous nonsense variant, c.238A > T, p.(Arg80*), in an 8 year old boy. All patients had multiple vertebral body malformations in the cervical and thoracic region, small or absent rib involvement, myelopathies, and common clinical features of SCDO6 including scoliosis, mild facial asymmetry, spinal spasticity and hemivertebrae. The nonsense variant can be classified as likely pathogenic based on the ACMG criteria while the splice variants must be classified as a variant of unknown significance. With this report on two further families, we confirm RIPPLY2 as the gene for SCDO6 and broaden the phenotype by adding myelopathy with or without spinal canal stenosis and spinal spasticity to the symptom spectrum.