Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-12T14:46:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jorge Luiz Dutra Ghem.pdf: 3823037 bytes, checksum: 69f9a016496a7365593dc414a668a187 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-07 / The products biodegradability produced to leave derived from cassava and ricinus are biodegradability for the constitution of the polimerics chains. They constitute a viable alternative in substitution, instead polymers biodegradability of food packings, for the reduction of the great amount of generated solid residues. It is important to emphasize the necessity of accomplishment tests, in order to know better the mechanisms of the products biodegradability. The tests in half inert solid of vermiculita simulate the ambient conditions next to the reality, in relation to the other ways. This experiment development focus to establish an evaluation of the materials biodegradability from cassava starch and ricinus in order to get information that may contribute in perfectioning and election for biopolimers use. The evaluated materials in half solid of vermiculita with aeration system 45ºC, with 45 mL of inoculo extracted from composting residue material from pruning trees. The carbonic gas unfastened in the degradation, determined the CO2 absorbed mass in solution of barium hidroxid 0,0125 moL/L and titleholder with solution standard of cloridric acid 0,05 mol/L, using phenolftalein indicating in order to determine the changing point. The degradation taxes, according to ASTM norms and ISO, 60% of the polymer Carbon must be mineralized in CO2, the biodegradability standards are satisfactory. The trays with cassava starch, 66,44% and starch with film, 62,36%. The ricinus trays, 13,82%, even though the biodegradability, did not reach a biodegradability index, chemical and physical composition was attributed to a ricinus polymer when degradated, did not suffer intrinsic influence from bacterial activity. / Os produtos biodegradáveis produzidos a partir derivados de mandioca e mamona, são biodegradáveis pela constituição das cadeias poliméricas. Constituem uma alternativa em substituição aos polímeros não biodegradáveis de embalagens de alimentos, para a redução da grande quantidade de resíduos sólidos gerados. É importante destacar a necessidade de realização de testes, a fim de se conhecer melhor os mecanismos da biodegradabilidade dos produtos. Os testes de compostagem em meio sólido inerte de vermiculita simulam as condições ambientais mais próximas da realidade, em relação aos outros meios. O desenvolvimento deste experimento busca estabelecer uma avaliação da biodegradabilidade de materiais à base de fécula de mandioca e de mamona como forma de obter informações que venham contribuir no aperfeiçoamento e seleção para utilização de biopolímeros. Os materiais foram avaliados em meio sólido de vermiculita com sistema de aeração a 45ºC, com 45 mL de inóculo extraído de resíduo de material de compostagem de resíduos de poda de árvores. O gás carbônico desprendido na degradação, determinado como massa de CO2 absorvida, em solução de hidróxido de bário 0,0125 moL/L e titulada com solução padrão de ácido clorídrico 0,05 mol/L, usando-se fenolftaleína como indicador para determinar o ponto de viragem. As taxas de degradação, segundo as normas ASTM e ISO, 60 % do Carbono do polímero deve ser mineralizada para CO2, foram satisfatórias para os padrões de biodegradabilidade. Para bandejas com fécula de mandioca, 66,44% e fécula com filme de mamona, 62,36%. As bandejas de mamona, 13,82%, embora sendo biodegradáveis, não atingiram índice de biodegradabilidade, atribui-se à composição química e física do polímero de mamona que ao ser degrada, não sofreu influência intrínseca da atividade bacteriana.

<p>This thesis examines seasonal, diel and vertical distribution patterns of activity of host-seeking <i>Ixodes ricinus</i> (L.) ticks at three localities in south-central Sweden. In addition, by examining the prevalence of infection in ticks with Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochetes, <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> s.l, information for estimating relative LB risk in humans and the effect of control measures directed against this tick vector is provided.</p><p>The seasonal activity pattern of <i>I. ricinus</i> was, in general, bimodal with peaks of activity in May-June and August-September. Tick densities were generally high at Torö and low at Kungshamn-Morga. The greatest variation in tick density occurred at the sample site level, which indicated a patchy distribution of ticks. The diel activity of adult <i>I. ricinus</i> sampled at Bogesund showed a distinct nocturnal activity peak while nymphal ticks exhibited no particular diel variation. At the meadow site, there was a strong negative association between activity of each tick stage and ambient air temperature, and larval ticks also showed a nocturnal activity peak. <i>I. ricinus</i> of all stages were present in the vegetation up to at least 140 cm above ground level. At Torö, host-seeking larvae were found at significantly lower levels (below 20 cm) in the vegetation compared to nymphs and adults (50-59 and 60-79 cm, respectively). Vegetation structure is likely to be the main factor governing tick vertical distribution at this locality. The northern limit of the geographical distribution of <i>I. ricinus</i> in Sweden corresponds with the southern boundary of the taiga zone, as well as with several other climatic or vegetational isoclines primarily associated with the vegetation period.</p><p>The prevalence rates of <i>Borrelia</i> spirochetes, recorded by phase-contrast microscopy in host-seeking <i>I. ricinus</i>, were 0% in larvae, 5.8-13.1% in nymphs and 14.5-28.6% in adult ticks. The human LB risk, estimated by the number of <i>Borrelia</i>-infected nymphs per hectare, was greater at Torö than at Kungshamn-Morga and greater in woodland than in open areas. The risk also possessed a bimodal seasonal pattern similar to that of subadult host-seeking activity. Controlling the number of infected nymphs through de-ticking of reservoir hosts seems not to be an effective control measure in Sweden due to the ubiquitous availability of alternative reservoir hosts.</p>

Background: In Arabidopsis thaliana, the family of cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (CNGCs) is composed of 20 members. Previous studies indicate that plant CNGCs are involved in the control of growth processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. According to their proposed function as cation entry pathways these channels contribute to cellular cation homeostasis, including calcium and sodium, as well as to stress-related signal transduction. Here, we studied the expression patterns and regulation of CNGC19 and CNGC20, which constitute one of the five CNGC subfamilies. Results: GUS, GFP and luciferase reporter assays were used to study the expression of CNGC19 and CNGC20 genes from Arabidopsis thaliana in response to developmental cues and salt stress. CNGC19 and CNGC20 were differentially expressed in roots and shoots. The CNGC19 gene was predominantly active in roots already at early growth stages. Major expression was observed in the phloem. CNGC20 showed highest promoter activity in mesophyll cells surrounding the veins. Its expression increased during development and was maximal in mature and senescent leaves. Both genes were upregulated in the shoot in response to elevated NaCl but not mannitol concentrations. While in the root, CNGC19 did not respond to changes in the salt concentration, in the shoot it was strongly upregulated in the observed time frame (6-72 hours). Salt-induction of CNGC20 was also observed in the shoot, starting already one hour after stress treatment. It occurred with similar kinetics, irrespective of whether NaCl was applied to roots of intact plants or to the petiole of detached leaves. No differences in K and Na contents of the shoots were measured in homozygous T-DNA insertion lines for CNGC19 and CNGC20, respectively, which developed a growth phenotype in the presence of up to 75 mM NaCl similar to that of the wild type. Conclusion: Together, the results strongly suggest that both channels are involved in the salinity response of different cell types in the shoot. Upon salinity both genes are upregulated within hours. CNGC19 and CNGC20 could assist the plant to cope with toxic effects caused by salt stress, probably by contributing to a re-allocation of sodium within the plant.

This thesis examines seasonal, diel and vertical distribution patterns of activity of host-seeking Ixodes ricinus (L.) ticks at three localities in south-central Sweden. In addition, by examining the prevalence of infection in ticks with Lyme borreliosis (LB) spirochetes, Borrelia burgdorferi s.l, information for estimating relative LB risk in humans and the effect of control measures directed against this tick vector is provided. The seasonal activity pattern of I. ricinus was, in general, bimodal with peaks of activity in May-June and August-September. Tick densities were generally high at Torö and low at Kungshamn-Morga. The greatest variation in tick density occurred at the sample site level, which indicated a patchy distribution of ticks. The diel activity of adult I. ricinus sampled at Bogesund showed a distinct nocturnal activity peak while nymphal ticks exhibited no particular diel variation. At the meadow site, there was a strong negative association between activity of each tick stage and ambient air temperature, and larval ticks also showed a nocturnal activity peak. I. ricinus of all stages were present in the vegetation up to at least 140 cm above ground level. At Torö, host-seeking larvae were found at significantly lower levels (below 20 cm) in the vegetation compared to nymphs and adults (50-59 and 60-79 cm, respectively). Vegetation structure is likely to be the main factor governing tick vertical distribution at this locality. The northern limit of the geographical distribution of I. ricinus in Sweden corresponds with the southern boundary of the taiga zone, as well as with several other climatic or vegetational isoclines primarily associated with the vegetation period. The prevalence rates of Borrelia spirochetes, recorded by phase-contrast microscopy in host-seeking I. ricinus, were 0% in larvae, 5.8-13.1% in nymphs and 14.5-28.6% in adult ticks. The human LB risk, estimated by the number of Borrelia-infected nymphs per hectare, was greater at Torö than at Kungshamn-Morga and greater in woodland than in open areas. The risk also possessed a bimodal seasonal pattern similar to that of subadult host-seeking activity. Controlling the number of infected nymphs through de-ticking of reservoir hosts seems not to be an effective control measure in Sweden due to the ubiquitous availability of alternative reservoir hosts.

Medicinsk entomologi

Two murine models of acute inflammation, namely thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and carrageenan-induced paw edema, were optimized using non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin and corticosteroid dexamethasone. During the optimization phase, the presence of neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, eosinophils, B cells and T cells in the peritoneal cavity at various time points after injection of thioglycollate medium was assessed via multicolor flow cytometry. Moreover, two different thioglycollate media (suppliers BD and Sigma-Aldrich) were compared for their ability to induce an inflammatory response. The optimization of thioglycollate-induced peritonitis and carrageenan-induced paw edema was followed by the evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of Ixodes ricinus cystatins G1 and G9 in both mouse models.

The aim of the study was to analyze the infectious potential of the newly described species, B. americana and B. carolinensis, studied on the laboratory model mammals mice. Our goal was to analyze and compare the vectorial capacity of two different tick vectors, Amblyomma americanum and Ixodes ricinus, in acquiring and transmition of both spirochete species to the host. The results of this study confirmed that ticks A. americanum and I. ricinus are capable to maintain and transmit B. americana and B.carolinensis.We confirmed that both analysed spirochete species, B. carolinensis and B. americana, showed the potential to develop the disease in laboratory model mammal, which indirectly support the fact that both spirochete species might be concidered as the risk factors in the area where they are distributed. Our results shows that A. americanum is able to transmit both spirochete species, which increases that risk of acquiring the Lyme disease to human population in the area of distribution of A. americanum

Borrelia afzelii differential gene expression in the course of tick blood-feeding, and during chronic infection in mice was studied. Temperature effect on B. afzelii gene expression and infectivity was investigated. Infection rates of mice immunized with B. afzelii tick gut antigen at various stages of tick blood-intake were analyzed. This work was funded by the Grant Agency of the Czech Republic, Project No. 17-27393S to Radek Šíma.

FREITAS, Cley Anderson Silva De. Comportamento de três cultivares de mamona a cinco níveis de irrigação por gotejamento em Pentecoste, CE. 2009. 69 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-17T17:20:15Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_casfreitas.pdf: 1553059 bytes, checksum: 97d84b9326bf21b24b9037c5fff0106a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:04:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_casfreitas.pdf: 1553059 bytes, checksum: 97d84b9326bf21b24b9037c5fff0106a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:04:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_casfreitas.pdf: 1553059 bytes, checksum: 97d84b9326bf21b24b9037c5fff0106a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / The use of the irrigation in cultivars improved has a tendency to favor the increase of the productivity of castor in the semi-arid. This work was carried out in Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste, Ceará, Brazil and the objective of the present study was to evaluate the productive characteristics of three castor cultivars of high agricultural importance (IAC Guarani, Mirante 10 e BRS Paraguaçu) under different levels of irrigation. The experimental delineation used was of the blocks at random with subdivided parcels, composed of five treatments in the parcels, with three cultivars in the sub parcels and three repetitions. The treatments was constituted in five levels of irrigation based on the evaporation of the tank Class “A” ECA (T1 = 0,25 ECA; T2 = 0,50 ECA; T3 = 0,75 ECA; T4 = 1,00 ECA; T5 = 1,25 ECA). The result, found a significant effect between cultivars. The variables length and number of fruits per racemes were higher for the IAC Guarani, while the tenor of oil and number of racemes per plant were higher for the Mirante 10. However the Paraguaçu BRS stood out of the rest of cultivars as for the mass of the raceme, mass of the fruits, mass of hundred seeds and productive potential. There was no significant effect of variable tenor of oil with the blades of irrigation. The Mirante 10 presented the largest tenor of oil (40,64 %), with the maximum blade used of 913,4 mm. The best efficiency of the use of the water was obtained by the treatment T5 (913,4 mm) in the BRS Paraguaçu, what turned the productivity of 2872,42 Kg ha -1. The secondary racemes were that more contributed with the total productivity. / O uso da irrigação em cultivares melhoradas tende a favorecer o aumento da produtividade da mamoneira no semi-árido. Assim, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar o comportamento das variáveis produtivas de três cultivares de mamoneira de importância agrícola (IAC Guarani, Mirante 10 e BRS Paraguaçu) a cinco níveis de irrigação por gotejo. O experimento foi realizado na Fazenda Experimental Vale do Curu, Pentecoste, Ceará, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso com parcelas subdivididas, composto de cinco tratamentos nas parcelas, com três cultivares nas subparcelas e três repetições. Os tratamentos constituíram-se em cinco níveis de irrigação baseados na evaporação do tanque Classe “A” ECA (T1 = 0,25 ECA; T2 = 0,50 ECA; T3 = 0,75 ECA, T4 = 1,00 ECA; T5 = 1,25 ECA). Houve diferença estatística entre as cultivares, as variáveis comprimento e número de frutos por racemos foram maiores para a cultivar IAC Guarani, enquanto o teor de óleo e número de racemos por planta foram maiores para cultivar Mirante 10. Já a BRS Paraguaçu destacou-se das demais cultivares quanto a massa do racemo, massa dos frutos, massa de cem sementes e potencial produtivo. Não houve efeito significativo da variável teor de óleo com as lâminas de irrigação. Verifica-se maior teor de óleo (40,64 %), nas sementes da cv. Mirante 10, com a lâmina máxima aplicada de 913,4 mm. A melhor eficiência do uso da água foi obtida com o tratamento T5 (913,4 mm) na cultivar BRS Paraguaçu, que resultou na produtividade de 2872,42 kg ha-1. Os racemos secundários foram os que mais contribuíram com a produtividade total.

NOBRE, Jefferson Gonçalves Américo. Respostas da mamona à irrigação e à aplicação de potássio em Argissolo Vermelho-Amarelo. 2007. 74 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2007. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-23T18:40:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_jganobre.pdf: 13492002 bytes, checksum: f1d27852572f3bcb9e38fd3dfb48c58f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:15:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_jganobre.pdf: 13492002 bytes, checksum: f1d27852572f3bcb9e38fd3dfb48c58f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2007_dis_jganobre.pdf: 13492002 bytes, checksum: f1d27852572f3bcb9e38fd3dfb48c58f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / The objective of this work was to evaluate the vari ables of production of the castor bean, variety IAC Guarani, under different levels o f irrigation and increases levels of potassium fertilization, applied through fertirriga tion. As a consequence, three different works, denominated of 1, 2 and 3, they were implanted in an experimental area of the Federal University of Ceará, in Fortale za (03°44'S, 38°33'W, 19,5 m). The experimental maping of the three experiments was in blocks at random, with five treatments and four repetitions, defined in functio n of the level of irrigation (1 and 2) and of the level of potassium fertilization (3). In the experiments 1 and 2, the treatments corresponded to 25; 50; 75; 100 and 125% of the evaporation measured by evaporimeter reduced tank (EVAr) and 35; 70; 105 ; 140 and 175% of the evaporation measured in the Piche evaporimeter (EPi), respectively. In the experiment 3, the treatments were defined in function of the potassium fertilization: 0; 50; 100; 150 and 200% of the recommendation of the soil analysis. In all, they were following variables were appraised: size of the rac emo of 1st order, number of fruits, weight of 100 seeds, productivity of the racemes (1 ª, 2ª and 3ª orders) and total productivity. It was verified that the castor bean answered in productivity to the application of water and the potassium fertirrigati on, arriving to maximum values of productivity of 4.161; 4.010 and 3.341 kg ha -1 in the experiments 1; 2 and 3, respectively. In the experiment 1, it was ended tha t the use for the producing of larger irrigation sheets increases to a certain value limi ts the weight of 100 seeds for racemes of 2ª and 3ª orders and the productivity, f rom which these variables start to decrease; the reduced tank was efficient to esteem the water requirements of the castor bean. In the experiment 2, the use for the p roducing of larger irrigation sheets increases to a certain value limits the productivit y for raceme of 2ª and 3ª orders and positive way about the productivity of the castor bean. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as variáveis de produção da mamoneira, variedade IAC Guarani, sob diferentes níveis de irrigação e doses crescentes de adubação potássica, aplicadas via fertirrigação. Em conseqüência, três distintos trabalhos, denominados de 1, 2 e 3, foram implantados em uma área experimental da Universidade Federal do Ceará, no município de Fortaleza (03°44’S, 38°33’W, 19,5 m). O delineamento experimental dos três experimentos foi em blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições, definidos em função do nível de irrigação (1 e 2) e da dose de adubação potássica (3). Nos experimentos 1 e 2, os tratamentos corresponderam a 25; 50; 75; 100 e 125% da evaporação medida no tanque reduzido (EVAr) e 35; 70; 105; 140 e 175% da evaporação medida no evaporímetro de Piche (EPi), respectivamente. No experimento 3, os tratamentos foram definidos em função da adubação potássica: 0; 50; 100; 150 e 200% da recomendação da análise de solo. Em todos, foram avaliadas as seguintes variáveis: tamanho do racemo de 1ª ordem, número de frutos por racemos, peso de 100 sementes por racemos, produtividade dos racemos (1ª, 2ª e 3ª ordens) e produtividade total. Verificou-se que a mamoneira respondeu em produtividade à aplicação de água e à fertirrigação potássica, chegando a valores máximos de produtividade de 4.161; 4.010 e 3.341 kg ha-1 nos experimentos 1; 2 e 3, respectivamente. No experimento 1 e 2, concluiu-se que a produtividade total da mamoneira aumentou com a elevação do nível de irrigação aplicado até o nível de 89% da evaporação medida no tanque reduzido e 107% da evaporação medida no evaporímetro de Piche, respectivamente. No experimento 3, a produtividade total da mamoneira aumentou com a elevação da dose potássica, aplicada via fertirrigação, até a dosagem de 31,8 kg ha-1 de K2O.