Ce mémoire interroge le rôle des initiatives alimentaires communautaires dans l’expression du droit à la ville, tel qu’énoncé par Henri Lefebvre en 1968. Une étude de cas portant sur Notre Quartier Nourricier (NQN) (Centre-Sud, Montréal) a été conduite afin de vérifier en quoi ce projet, articulé autour du droit à l’alimentation, permet aux participant/es de se (ré)approprier leur quartier et de participer davantage à la vie communautaire. Notre collecte de données, basée sur 17 entretiens semi-dirigés et plus de 100 heures d’observation, révèle qu’en cherchant à récupérer une certaine prise sur le système alimentaire local, NQN crée des lieux hétérotopiques articulés autour de la production, de la distribution et de la transformation des aliments. Ces lieux deviennent ensuite le support de relations sociales riches, en dehors des valeurs capitalistes. Le sentiment d’appartenance au quartier est ainsi renforcé, voire créé, ce qui suscite chez les participant/es à NQN une envie de s’engager dans leur communauté. À notre avis, NQN construit ainsi un véritable habiter nourricier favorisant une certaine reconquête des conditions de la vie urbaine. Cet habiter nourricier permet de revendiquer collectivement un plus grand droit à la ville. D’un point de vue théorique, allier le droit à l’alimentation au droit à la ville permet de poser un regard holistique sur la condition urbaine – marquée par l’aliénation et tissée d’histoires de dépossession –, et de mettre en lumière les racines communes de la faim urbaine et de la restructuration constante de l’espace urbain : le capitalisme. / This thesis explores the role of community food initiatives in the expression of the right to the city, as envisioned by Henri Lefebvre in 1968. We conducted a case study on Notre Quartier Nourricier (NQN) (Centre-Sud, Montreal) to verify if this project, articulated around the right to food, allows participants to reclaim their neighbourhood and participate more in community life. Our data collection, based on 17 semi-structured interviews and more than 100 hours of observation, revealing that by seeking to recover a certain reward on the local food system, NQN creates heterotopic places articulated around food production, distribution and transformation. These places become the support of rich social relations, outside of capitalist values. The feeling of belonging to the neighbourhood is thus reinforced, even created, which produces, among the participants in NQN, a desire to take part in neighbourhood life. In our opinion, NQN is thus building a « habiter nourricier », which promotes a certain reappropriation of the conditions of urban life. This « habiter nourricier » makes it possible to collectively claim a greater right to the city. From a theoretical point of view, combining the right to food with the right to the city gives a holistic look at the urban condition – marked by alienation and woven with dispossession stories –, and highlights the common roots of urban hunger and the constant restructuring of the urban space: capitalism.

La tesi si concentra sulla prevenzione dello sfruttamento lavorativo nel settore agro-alimentare. L’Italia è tenuta costantemente al centro delle riflessioni per offrire esempi puntuali, costantemente ‘situati’ all’interno di una visione globale, al crocevia tra il mercato del lavoro e le politiche migratorie. Lo studio criminologico del fenomeno è stato il punto di partenza per testare la capacità di prevenzione e contrasto dell’attuale sistema giuridico, analizzato secondo una logica stadiale. Facendo tesoro delle indicazioni provenienti dalla letteratura sociologica e dalla moderna vittimologia, la parte conclusiva è interamente dedicata alla proposta di una strategia di prevenzione/regolazione ispirata al dinamismo politico criminale introdotto dalla responsive regulation di John Braithwaite. Mettendo a sistema risposte innovative e buone pratiche, la tesi elabora specifiche raccomandazioni di policy, servendosi anche dei rami non penalistici dell’ordinamento giuridico. Una tale politica criminale multi-livello dovrebbe, prima di tutto, rafforzare il rifiuto sociale di qualsiasi forma di sfruttamento, sapientemente e gradualmente impiegando un variegato strumentario sanzionatorio al fine di costruire la conformità mediante il consenso ai precetti (auto-regolazione imposta, sanzioni amministrative con ‘messa alla prova’ e sanzioni penali come extrema ratio). L’analisi comparata delle legislazioni più innovative ha svolto un ruolo cruciale per l’elaborazione di una tale proposta. / The thesis focuses on the prevention of labour exploitation, specifically targeting the agri-food sector. Italy is at the centre of the reflection to provide for tangible examples within a global perspective, at the intersection of labour market and migration policies. A better knowledge of the phenomenon and its complexities has been the starting point for examining the ability of the current (intertwined) legal framework to deal with employers who breach the rules, from low-level non-compliance to serious criminality (i.e. slavery and trafficking). Accordingly, a preventive strategy has been designed bringing the theoretical framework of responsive regulation (Ayres-Braithwaite 1992) into the research on labour exploitation, in turn conceptualised as a form of corporate crime. Building further on existing ‘good’ laws and practices, specific policy recommendations have been provided utilizing all fields of law. Such a hybrid criminal policy should start by strengthening society’s rejection to any form of labour exploitation, strategically rising to more punitive remedies for the purpose of building compliance (i.e. mandated self-regulation, administrative sanctions with ‘corporate probation’ and criminal law as last resort). In doing so, a main contribution has come from comparative analysis.