Idag förekommer det ett antal byggnadskonstruktioner som benämns som riskkonstruktioner. Dessa är specifika byggnadstekniker som kan orsaka fel i byggnad i form av fukt-, lukt-, och mögelproblem. Enstegstätad fasad, platta på mark och krypgrund är exempel på riskkonstruktioner. Felreglerna som kan aktualiseras vid riskkonstruktion finns i jordabalkens fjärde kapitel och omfattar köparens långtgående undersökningsplikt. Omfattningen av denna kan dock variera och kan i vissa fall reduceras vid säljarens lugnande besked eller utökas vid varnande besked. Vid direkta utfästelser om en del av byggnaden, i form av garantier, faller undersökningsplikten bort i det hänseendet. Säljaren har ingen generell upplysningsplikt men det kan däremot vara till dennes fördel att upplysa köparen om brister som denne känner till då detta senare inte kan definieras som ett dolt fel och falla under dennes ansvar. Det föreligger en skillnad gällande felansvar och felregler när förvärvet sker via entreprenad respektive när köpet avser ett vanligt fastighetsförvärv. En köpare av en riskkonstruktion, som exempelvis en enstegstätad fasad, kan vid ett vanligt fastighetsförvärv inte åberopa ett faktiskt abstrakt fel med förklaring till att byggnaden avviker från vad denne med fog kunnat förutsätta och förvänta sig. Det föreligger således inte fel i köprättslig mening om byggnaden har uppförts i enlighet med då rådande byggnormer, även om byggnaden idag skulle visa sig vara bristfällig. Skulle köpet däremot ske via entreprenad ser felreglerna annorlunda ut då entreprenören bär på ett större ansvar. Detta grundas i att det tillämpas olika regelverk. Skulle det uppstå fel på grund av riskkonstruktion vid köp via entreprenad tillämpas konsumenttjänstlagen och standardavtal. Gäller fallet ett vanligt fastighetsförvärv tillämpas istället jordabalkens regler. Köpare kan vid köp via entreprenad förvänta sig att byggnaden är allmänt funktionsduglig och håller en god standard i förhållande till dagens byggnormer. Detta innebär att köparen, vid köp via entreprenad, har en större möjlighet att påtala fel. / Today, there are several building constructions that are referred to as risk constructions. These are specific building techniques that can cause odor and mold problems. Single-stage sealed façade, constructions on deck and crawl space are examples of risk constructions. Rules about the responsibility between the buyer and the seller can be found in the fourth chapter of the real estate act and covers the buyer’s far-reaching duty of examination. However, the extent of this varies and may in some cases be reduces by the seller’s assurance or be expanded by warnings. The seller does not have a general duty to provide information about the condition of the building, however by enlighten the counterpart about faults he is conscious of the duty of examination increases. As a result, the faults cannot be defined as hidden and won’t fall under his responsibility. There is a difference regarding the responsibility when the real estate purchase is between a seller and buyer and a purchase that is provided by a contractor. A buyer of a risk construction, such as a single-stage sealed facade, cannot claim that there is a defect in the property and that the building deviates from what she had expected. If the construction was constructed in accordance with prevailing building standards and norms it cannot be a defect, even though the building today would prove to be deficient. If, on the other hand, the purchase is provided by a contractor the rules look different since the contractor carries a bigger responsibility. This is since different regulations are applied. If defects occur due to a risk construction, and the purchase is provided by a contractor, consumer service act and standard contracts are applicable. In the case of a real estate purchase between buyer and seller, the rules of the real estate act are applicable. When a purchase if provided by a contractor the buyer can expect the building to be generally functional and maintain a good standard in relation to today’s building standard. This means that the buyer has a greater possibility of reprimanding defects.

A cidade de Ouro Preto registra diversas ocorrências de movimentos de massa em seu distrito sede e apresenta quantidade considerável de bairros localizados em áreas de risco. A atração exercida pela indústria mineradora e, mais recentemente, pela atividade turística e educacional, resultou no direcionamento e na intensificação da expansão urbana para as áreas onde se recomenda a não construção. Tais atividades, em conjunto, contribuem para a saturação da ocupação nos terrenos estáveis, os quais são alvos de intensa valorização, principalmente quando localizados na zona de proteção especial, dificultando sobremaneira o acesso à moradia pelos grupos menos favorecidos. A espacialização dos riscos resulta da atuação histórica e degradante dos sujeitos sociais sobre elementos físicos predisponentes e traduz escolhas políticas relativas ao planejamento e à gestão do território urbano. A abordagem geográfica do risco consiste na análise de sua tradução espacial, ou seja, na compreensão da sua localização, na sua caracterização, nas suas causas e nas consequências, atentando-se para a relação entre a sociedade e a natureza. Assim, objetivamos, nesta dissertação, analisar, sob a perspectiva da construção social do risco, o processo de formação das áreas de risco suscetíveis à ocorrência de movimentos de massa no distrito sede de Ouro Preto, por meio da articulação entre condições do meio físico, sujeitos sociais e práticas de gestão. Para tanto, fez-se necessário o resgate do processo de ocupação no município de Ouro Preto e a análise da relação entre as condições naturais, a degradação ambiental, a valorização do espaço e as práticas de gestão na formação e intensificação dos riscos. Por fim, verificamos as condições de habitabilidade e os impactos socioambientais encontrados nas áreas mais problemáticas, por meio de trabalhos de campo em bairros selecionados / The city of Ouro Preto records various incidents of soil movement at the headquarters district and has a substantial quantity of territories localized at risk areas. The attraction exerted by mining industry and mostly recent touristic and educational activities resulted in intensification of urban expansion towards area not recommended for occupation. These aggregated activities contribute to saturate the occupation in the stable land, which are object of intense appreciation, mainly when situated in special protection zones, complicating the access to housing by disadvantaged groups. The spatial distribution of risks results of historical and degrading action of social subjects on predisposing physical elements and construe political choices related to management and planning of urban territories.The geographical approach of risk consists in its spatial analysis perceiving location, characterization, causes and consequences being observant to the relation between society and nature. Thereby, this dissertation objective is in the perspective of social risks construction to analyze the risk areas formation susceptible to soil movement at the Ouro Preto headquarters district by the articulation between physical environment, social subjects and management practices. To achieve this dissertation purposes was necessary the study of occupation process in Ouro Preto and the relationship analysis between natural conditions, environment degradation, spatial appreciation and management practices to the formation and intensification of risks. Finally, it is verified the habitability conditions and social environmental impacts found at risk areas by fieldwork

A cidade de Ouro Preto registra diversas ocorrências de movimentos de massa em seu distrito sede e apresenta quantidade considerável de bairros localizados em áreas de risco. A atração exercida pela indústria mineradora e, mais recentemente, pela atividade turística e educacional, resultou no direcionamento e na intensificação da expansão urbana para as áreas onde se recomenda a não construção. Tais atividades, em conjunto, contribuem para a saturação da ocupação nos terrenos estáveis, os quais são alvos de intensa valorização, principalmente quando localizados na zona de proteção especial, dificultando sobremaneira o acesso à moradia pelos grupos menos favorecidos. A espacialização dos riscos resulta da atuação histórica e degradante dos sujeitos sociais sobre elementos físicos predisponentes e traduz escolhas políticas relativas ao planejamento e à gestão do território urbano. A abordagem geográfica do risco consiste na análise de sua tradução espacial, ou seja, na compreensão da sua localização, na sua caracterização, nas suas causas e nas consequências, atentando-se para a relação entre a sociedade e a natureza. Assim, objetivamos, nesta dissertação, analisar, sob a perspectiva da construção social do risco, o processo de formação das áreas de risco suscetíveis à ocorrência de movimentos de massa no distrito sede de Ouro Preto, por meio da articulação entre condições do meio físico, sujeitos sociais e práticas de gestão. Para tanto, fez-se necessário o resgate do processo de ocupação no município de Ouro Preto e a análise da relação entre as condições naturais, a degradação ambiental, a valorização do espaço e as práticas de gestão na formação e intensificação dos riscos. Por fim, verificamos as condições de habitabilidade e os impactos socioambientais encontrados nas áreas mais problemáticas, por meio de trabalhos de campo em bairros selecionados / The city of Ouro Preto records various incidents of soil movement at the headquarters district and has a substantial quantity of territories localized at risk areas. The attraction exerted by mining industry and mostly recent touristic and educational activities resulted in intensification of urban expansion towards area not recommended for occupation. These aggregated activities contribute to saturate the occupation in the stable land, which are object of intense appreciation, mainly when situated in special protection zones, complicating the access to housing by disadvantaged groups. The spatial distribution of risks results of historical and degrading action of social subjects on predisposing physical elements and construe political choices related to management and planning of urban territories.The geographical approach of risk consists in its spatial analysis perceiving location, characterization, causes and consequences being observant to the relation between society and nature. Thereby, this dissertation objective is in the perspective of social risks construction to analyze the risk areas formation susceptible to soil movement at the Ouro Preto headquarters district by the articulation between physical environment, social subjects and management practices. To achieve this dissertation purposes was necessary the study of occupation process in Ouro Preto and the relationship analysis between natural conditions, environment degradation, spatial appreciation and management practices to the formation and intensification of risks. Finally, it is verified the habitability conditions and social environmental impacts found at risk areas by fieldwork

Setting up commercial production processes for the implementation of the contract in order to compare the real cost of such feedback on the creation of new quotes, to competitions with the system design cycle for the company. Making offers medium-sized companies engaged in construction works. Calculation of prices of construction work carried out in various ways for their implementation and impact on the cost factors in the implementation. Further back control procedures and evaluation of the contract. Establishing procedures for the handling of tenders, including a computer model for the evaluation carried out orders. Comparison of the calculated costs and actual costs should also serve to assess the performance of each specific production units. Monitoring specifically selected structures and comparing the facts with the theoretical assumptions before work and possible alternative implementation. The aim of this work is to set a permanent system of finding cost of the work and create a proposal for making use of fixed prices for the purpose of processing new quotation. Benefit their own construction equipment as compared to the possible use of engineering methods, the sub-contractors. All this should help increase the competitiveness of the company.

The diploma thesis deals with the evaluation of the effectiveness and risks of a private construction project. This work is divided into two parts. The first part is a theoretical part, which defines the basic concepts associated with investment as such, but also directly with investment in real estate and construction investment. In the second part, this work deals with risk assessment, determination of their size and finally risk management. The end of the theoretical part is the elaboration of methodology for the practical part. The beginning of the practical part the work is devoted to the description of the construction area and specification of the building itself. In the next part are set investment costs, operating income and expenses. Operating income consists of the lease itself. This was determined on the basis of similar investments in the area. Operating expenses are divided into fixed and variable where only fixed are included in the evaluation. Subsequently, the work establishes the profit and loss statement and therefrom the cash flows. The second part defines the risks associated with the construction of the project. The switching value is then calculated for critical project risks. The end of the practical part is devoted to risk management. The conclusion summarizes the results of individual parts of the thesis and a written recommendation for the investor whether to realize the project or not.

The thesis is focused on loans for the financing of housing needs (mortgage loans, construction loans and consumer loans on the property). The work deals with the important parameters of each product. In particular, the definition of the purpose of financing, interest calculation, interest rate guarantees, collateral, repayment duration. Furthermore, the work focuses on state aid granted in these products, as well as credit risk, which is the issue of lending inextricably linked.

Every business involves risk, but due to its nature, construction business involves more risk than many other industries. Therefore, risk assessment is indispensable to the success of construction companies in terms of, preventing dramatic financial losses. When the decision process for expanding the operations in the international construction market is concerned, it becomes more important for companies to analyze the risk of the target country. For this reason, construction firms benefit from many different risk assessment methods. Contractors prevalent practice of risk assessment is identifying related risks and making an evaluation relying on their personal judgments (without substantial explicit support), but none of the applied methods is construction specific. To overcome this, a construction specific country Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) is prepared. While preparing this construction specific RBS, not only macro level country risks but also market risks for construction are considered in order to reflect the real risks of performing construction business in foreign countries. Consequently, a tentative country RBS specific for construction industry is constructed and its reliability is tested by interviews carried out with six professionals from four Turkish construction companies operating in international markets. After finalization of the RBS, utilization method of practical aspects of RBS is questioned by interviewing the experts. Finally, a case study is conducted to propose a company-specific system for iv the implementation of RBS. The case study findings demonstrate the applicability of RBS and its potential as a systematic country risk assessment tool.

The final thesis is focused on risks of public contracts and explains basic principles that relate to this particular topic. The purpose of this work is risk analysis of four public contracts of Chotěboř city.

This thesis deals with the risks, insurance and the related insurance contract. The risks and the insurance contract is described in connection with the building project.Part of the thesis analyzes the selected insurance companies operating on the Czechmarket. The practical part is concerned with case studies of selected business entity and the building project with the subsequent evaluation and recommendations.

The aim of the dissertation is to examine the mechanisms at work when networks are formed and risk constructions made as bodies encounter frontline technology within the food sector. The concept of technoscience TS, is the link uniting the escalating technology of risk society, rebellious nature and the insidious threats of substances absorbed straight into the metabolism of our bodies through the food that we eat. The TS viewpoint is complemented by a short overview of Beck’s theory about the risk society, in order to explain how research creates risks rather than removing them. The four case studies are all concrete manifestations of technoscience. They are: 1) a study of the alliance between a research company and a bacteria culture, 2) the section about the Gaio controversy and the creation of scientific facts, 3) the case of the scientist and high-ranking official who was sued for defamation of the Danish pig, 4) and finally the scandal of the meat-eating cows. We can observe, aided by Bruno Latour, how particularly in the first two stories, the importance of networks becomes apparent. How network analysis can be a tool for understanding the high-tech development of the food industry in the late 20th century as stories of how scientific claims – or “truths” – are reconstituted and transformed. We are also able to observe how truth is dependent on our own viewpoint, in Donna Haraway’s word it is “situated” or context dependent. The case studies are also examples of the links between body, technology and risk. Because they deal with the food product trade, the link to the body becomes obvious as dangerous food products are absorbed into the body through the food and is spread through the metabolism. The thing that sets risk construction in the use of high-tech production methods in the food trade apart from other areas is the meeting or confrontation between the man-made advanced technology and the limits determined by “nature” through the body. The linking of technology and the human body becomes particularly exciting as we notice that no matter how advanced the technology that has been used to produce a food product, it is still there to be eaten and absorbed by the metabolism of our bodies. In this area of uncertainty the dividing line between the possible and the impossible is fuzzy and changing.