Bakgrund och problem: Majoriteten av försäljningen mellan företag, samt mellan företag och offentlig sektor sker via handelskrediter. Detta leder till att företagen ofta blir utsatta för risker i form av sena och uteblivna betalningar. I sådana situationer finns det behov av riskreduceringsmekanismer som ska reducera och minimera dessa risker. Mekanismerna för reducering av risker har vi fördelat i två kategorier, privata och offentliga. Avsikten med uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka av dessa mekanismer som har störst inverkan på beviljandet av handelskrediter. Den här studien är den första av sitt slag som genomförts i Sverige. Syfte: Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka, analysera och utvärdera vilka av de privata eller offentliga riskreduceringsmekanismerna som har störst inverkan på beviljandet av handelskrediter. Metod: Den kunskapsteoretiska uppfattningen som har legat till grund för vår undersökning är positivism. Den positivistiska ansatsen har lett till att en hypotetisk-deduktiv ansats med en kvantitativ metod valdes för att få fram resultat och analys. Teoretiska ramverk: Vår studie utgår från ett eklektiskt teoretiskt angreppssätt och tidigare forskning inom området. Vi använder teori som disposition och som en beskrivande del av vår studie. Våra teorier om de privata och offentliga riskreduceringsmekanismerna kommer även att presenteras i detta kapitel. Empirism: Det empiriska materialet är baserat på en enkätundersökning där enkäten skickades som webbenkät och delades ut för hand till olika företag. Materialet har sedan analyserats med hjälp av statistiska tes Resultat: Majoriteten av respondenterna svarade att de offentliga riskreduceringsmekanismerna inte påverkar deras beviljande av handelskrediter i Sverige medan de privata riskreduceringsmekanismerna till en viss grad har påverkan på beviljandet av handelskrediter. Det råder relativt låg risk i den svenska ekonomin vilket kan förklara riskreduceringsmekanismernas relativt låga inverkan på beviljandet av handelskrediter. / Background and problem: Today, the biggest sales between businesses and between businesses and the public sector are through trade credit. As a result, companies are often exposed to risk in the form of late and missing payments. In such situations, there is a need for mechanisms of risk reduction to reduce and minimize these risks. The mechanisms of risk reduction are divided into private and public risk reduction. The point with this dissertation is to show which of these mechanisms that have the greatest impact on the decision making of trade credit. This study is the first in Sweden to implement this type of investigation. Purpose: The point with this paper is to investigate, analyze and evaluate which of the private or public mechanisms of risk reduction those have the greatest impact on decision making on trade credit. Method: The epistemological view which has been the basis for our study is positivism. The positivistic approach has led to a hypothetical-deductive approach with a quantitative method, chosen to obtain the results and analysis. Theoretical perspective: Our study is based on an eclectic theoretical approach and previous research in the area. We use theory to outline the descriptive part of our study. Our theory about the private and public mechanisms of risk reduction will also be included in this chapter. Empirical: The empirical material is based on a survey where a web-questionnaire was distributed to various companies. The material was then analyzed by statistical tests. Results: The majority of respondents replied that the public mechanisms of risk reduction did not affect their decision making on trade credit while the private mechanisms of risk reduction to some degree did affect the decision making on trade credit. There is a relatively low risk in the Swedish economy, which can explain why the mechanisms of risk reduction had relatively low impact on decision making on credit trade.

The thesis challenges the notion of effectiveness of law as being based on the formal institutions of courts, law enforcement and written law. It argues that the best way to measure the effectiveness of law is the legal self-efficacy of laymen who are the end users of law.  It presents a new perspective on the effectiveness of law. It turns the traditional perspective of studying the effects of legal institutions around and instead studies the effect of how individuals perceive their own ability to use law. This self-reflexive ability - legal self-efficacy -  is the answer to the question “How comfortable are with communicating with legal terminology?”. The thesis makes several comparisons using the traditional perspective and legal self-efficacy and finds that legal self-efficacy is a better measure of legal effectiveness. This thesis analyzes 246 businesspeople in Russia and their risk behavior  with regards to economic transactions in relation to legal self-efficacy.  The theory behind legal self-efficacy is a combination of Luhmann’s theory of law as communication and Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy.  The first paper applies the traditional approach. It analyzes the effect of legal efficiency on leverage and debt maturity for listed and non-listed companies. The second paper is describes the conceptual foundation of the legal effectiveness based on the individual. The third paper compares the effect of private order (including legal self-efficacy) and public order institutions on the granting of trade credit.  The fourth paper analyzes the impact of legal self-efficacy and formal legal institutions on sanctions against clients in a comparative perspective. The final paper seeks out possible sources of legal self-efficacy. Legal self-efficacy can be used to better understand the interaction of individuals and law including such fields of research as behavioral accounting, behavioral law and finance, legal sociology and legal studies.