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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
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Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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Showing 1 to 3 of 3 (0.122 seconds)Spelling suggestions: "subject:"grade sanctions""
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Correlation Between Sending Sanctions and the Development of the Sanctioning Country’s EconomyKarlsson, Olivia, Nuikina, Daria January 2023 (has links)
Economic sanctions are a tool of achieving peace and have become increasingly important in research lately, as it is a more current question than ever. With the Russian war on Ukraine, countries have been sending sanctions in the hopes of financially straining Russia. The purpose of the study is to investigate how sending sanctions to a main trading partner is associated with the economic development of the sender. The study was based on the gravity model as well as economic development determinants. We employed a panel data analysis regarding 19 countries. A Fixed Effect model was used in order to regress the relationship between sending sanctions and the economic development of the sanctioning states economy between the years 1990 and 2021. At a 5% significance level, we did not find any correlation between annual growth of Gross Domestic Product per capita and sanctioned years, however the findings showed that there was a statistically significant negative correlation between sending sanctions and the economic growth of the sender at a 10% significance level. Governmental institutions can use these findings to carefully consider sanction decisions and their potential impact on the economy in the future.
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Business as usual? : Third-country business and legal effects of sanctions on international tradeLewander, Gustaf, Karayazici, Fatma Ilkem January 2023 (has links)
This thesis explores the legal implications of sanctions on third country companies trading or operating with a sanctioned target state. Considering previous research – primarily from the disciplines of international business, international commercial law and economics – into international business under conditions of sanctions, we analyze the interplay of different sanctions and how they affect third country business. Based on our findings, we propose a model for third country trade in relation to sanctions and sanctioned markets. We conclude that, depending on how they are applied and implemented, sanctions and countersanctions can have contradictory and counterintuitive effects. Under conditions of sanctions, third countries can shield international business from increased political risk and uncertainty, and offer access to otherwise unavailable resources and advantages in sanctioned markets. However, even as third-country companies may be beyond the reach of extraterritorial sanctions, they must still grapple with a number of other effects of sanctions regimes. Such effects include significantly increasing transaction costs due to legal uncertainty, disruptions to supply chains, and being possibly locked out of sanctioning-state markets given noncompliance with sanctions. Depending on target country countermeasures, sanctions regimes may contribute to creating a situation in which third country company activities in a sanctioned state are effectively subsidized at the cost of companies adhering to the regulations of sanctioning bodies. These findings raise important questions for future research into international trade and commercial law.
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The Law BusinessmanTM : Five Essays on Legal Self-efficacy and Business RiskJörgensen, Fredrik January 2013 (has links)
The thesis challenges the notion of effectiveness of law as being based on the formal institutions of courts, law enforcement and written law. It argues that the best way to measure the effectiveness of law is the legal self-efficacy of laymen who are the end users of law. It presents a new perspective on the effectiveness of law. It turns the traditional perspective of studying the effects of legal institutions around and instead studies the effect of how individuals perceive their own ability to use law. This self-reflexive ability - legal self-efficacy - is the answer to the question “How comfortable are with communicating with legal terminology?”. The thesis makes several comparisons using the traditional perspective and legal self-efficacy and finds that legal self-efficacy is a better measure of legal effectiveness. This thesis analyzes 246 businesspeople in Russia and their risk behavior with regards to economic transactions in relation to legal self-efficacy. The theory behind legal self-efficacy is a combination of Luhmann’s theory of law as communication and Bandura’s concept of self-efficacy. The first paper applies the traditional approach. It analyzes the effect of legal efficiency on leverage and debt maturity for listed and non-listed companies. The second paper is describes the conceptual foundation of the legal effectiveness based on the individual. The third paper compares the effect of private order (including legal self-efficacy) and public order institutions on the granting of trade credit. The fourth paper analyzes the impact of legal self-efficacy and formal legal institutions on sanctions against clients in a comparative perspective. The final paper seeks out possible sources of legal self-efficacy. Legal self-efficacy can be used to better understand the interaction of individuals and law including such fields of research as behavioral accounting, behavioral law and finance, legal sociology and legal studies.
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