Falls continue to be a major problem in the residential construction industry and account for a large number of injuries and fatalities each year (US Department of Labor, 2012).  The effects of a fall are catastrophic to the workers and their families as well as the construction company and surrounding community.  Prevention of these incidents has been the primary focus of organizations such as the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).  To reduce the number of falls on residential construction sites, OSHA has put forth several standards that require the use of fall protection.  Although guidelines have been provided, there have been concerns and complaints regarding the standards as well as methods and materials that should be used. The goal of this research was to measure the behavior of a five truss roof system with various anchor points and bracing configurations loaded by a horizontal force.  A lab built roof system was used to test three different anchor types with three forms of temporary bracing.  The materials and methodology used in this testing were based on common materials and practices currently used in the residential construction industry. The results of this research show that anchors must engage multiple trusses to spread the applied load throughout the roof system.  Several forms of temporary bracing such as lateral, diagonal, and sway bracing, are also required to strengthen the roof system allowing it to withstand an applied load. / Master of Science

Diploma thesis describes the design of roofing for the monastery Rosa Coeli. The initial thought to perform the revitalization of this complex via this way was formed after an exhausting research. At its current state, the Rosa Coeli is sought after and is very popular among tourists; however, as an object, it has a fairly limited impact to everyday life of residents of the city Dolní Kounice. The roofing will, understandably, change the character of the building. As such, it will be usable during the entire course of the year – not only for one-off events. The construction of the timber roof truss consists from solid features, where the chief endeavor was to preserve the unique genius loci.

The alternative seismic design provisions for diaphragms provided in ASCE 7-22 Minimum design loads and associated criteria for buildings and other structures Section 12.10.3 account for both diaphragm ductility and displacement capacity, producing more accurate design forces and decreased detailing when compared to conventional seismic design methods. However, the diaphragm design force reduction factor has not yet been determined for tension-only roof truss diaphragms, a common system used in metal buildings. In this study, experimental tests of two cantilevered diaphragm subassembly specimens with tension-only rod bracing were conducted to determine the load-deformation behavior of the system. The first specimen used 7/8-in. rods, two types of hillside washers, two types of compression members, and two configurations of lateral bracing. The second specimen used 3/4-in. rods, one type of hillside washer, one type of compression member, and one configuration of lateral bracing. Four tests were conducted. One additional test was conducted on each specimen to determine the friction in the test setup. The system developed significant ductility during testing and the yield mechanism was primarily tensile yielding of the rods. The results indicate that a diaphragm design force reduction factor of 2.0 for structures with periods greater than 1.0 second and 1.7 for structures with periods between 0.12 and 0.5 seconds may be appropriate for metal building systems if the lateral bracing of the compression member is prevented from buckling.

After the collapse of the roof structure in Tarfalahallen 2020, great attention has been focused on instability of sub-tensioned glulam roof trusses. Investigations were launched to find the reason for the collapse and the cause was instability in the roof truss that supported the roof. As a result, several similar glulam roof trusses in Sweden have been investigated and reinforced to avoid the fate of Tarfalahallen.Inexperience with instability, negligent design procedure and faulty assumptions is an underlying issue with this type of structure. Complex structures can be difficult to analyze without suitable assumptions which means sophisticated method must be used. Proper analysis must be done before construction.To perform this sophisticated analysis, an engineer can use the finite element method to perform global stability analysis. Simple and computationally cheap models can produce meaningful insight, but in most cases the user must be experienced to understand the implications of the results that the finite element method can produce. There is therefore a need for a more detailed, realistic model that can capture failure and motion and visualize it for the user. This thesis has created such a model in the FE-software Abaqus/Standard.By using a wide variety of elements and element sizes a detailed geometry of the connection between primary beam and compression stud, the behavior of the structural components has been analyzed throughout the loading period of the structure. The critical buckling mode was identified, and the complex non-linear interaction of the connection was tracked when buckling occurs.The thesis can be used as a guideline of how to create a FE-model that captures the intricate behavior of the connection between primary beam and compression stud and be used as the groundwork for more complex models in the future.

Purpose: The purpose of this work is to increase the possibilities of designing building components for specific demands to increase the building’s value, and to investigate how the possibilities can be affected by automating the production process. Method: The theoretical framework, which this study is based on, was collected using literature studies and was thereafter combined with the empirics, which were retrieved from qualitative methods as interviews and planned observations. A case study was made of the building Ormhuset in Jönköping. Findings: The objective of this work is to investigate the possibilities for designing roofs by using new automation methods for the production process of wooden roof structures. This study implies that parametric design can be used to generate new innovative shapes and designs that are optimised according to specific criteria. Furthermore, an increased use of automation in the production process of wooden roof trusses result in cheaper roof trusses, regardless of their shapes. The generated optimized designs are therefore cheaper and easier to produce using more automation in the production process. Implications: If parametric design is used, almost any kind of shapes can be generated and optimised. To ensure manufacturability of a design, an early connection between architect and manufacturer is important. Furthermore, increased use of automation can lead to easier and faster production of roof trusses and investing in more automation can be relevant for companies with large production volumes. Using digital files to control the manufacturing machines is time saving. There are alternative manufacturing methods for advanced roof structurers in wood, which are better suited for production, which cannot be rationalized as for roof trusses. Constraints for increased automation are often a high investment cost and limited space. Limitations: If the study is performed on another case than Ormhuset and with other respondents, the result might have differed but could be similar, why this study is not generally valid but only shows one possible outcome. / Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att öka möjligheterna att utforma byggnadsdelar efter specifika behov för att öka en byggnads värde, samt undersöka hur möjligheterna kan påverkas genom att automatisera tillverkningsprocessen. Metod: Den teori som arbetet grundas på har samlats in via litteraturstudier och har därefter kombinerats med empiri som framkommit genom kvalitativa insamlingsmetoder i form av intervjuer och planerade observationer. En fallstudie av byggnaden Ormhuset i Jönköping har genomförts. Resultat: Målet med detta arbete är att studera möjligheter inom utformning av tak som ges av nya automationsmetoder vid tillverkning av takkonstruktioner i trä. Studien har visat att parametrisk design kan användas för att generera nya innovativa former och utformningar som är optimerade utefter specifika kriterier. Vidare kan ökad användning av automation vid tillverkning av takstolar i trä leda till billigare takstolar oberoende av form. De optimerade utformningar som tagits fram blir alltså billigare och lättare att tillverka vid en mer automatiserad tillverkningsprocess. Konsekvenser: Om parametrisk design används kan i stort sett vilka utformningar som helst tas fram och optimeras. För att säkerställa producerbarheten av en utformning är en tidig koppling mellan arkitekt och tillverkare viktig. Vidare kan en ökad automation medföra enklare och snabbare tillverkning av takstolar, och en investering i mer automation kan vara relevant för företag med stora produktionsvolymer. Används digitala produktionsfiler för att styra de tillverkande maskinerna kan tid sparas in. Det finns alternativa produktionssätt för avancerade takkonstruktioner i trä som är bättre lämpade då tillverkningen inte kan rationaliseras på samma sätt som för takstolar. Begränsande faktorer för en ökad automation är ofta en hög investeringskostnad och utrymmesbrist. Begränsningar: Om studien istället utförs för ett annat fall än Ormhuset och därmed med andra respondenter hade kunnat resultera i andra, men kanske snarlika, resultat, varför denna studie inte är generellt giltig utan enbart visar ett möjligt utfall.

The aim of this diploma thesis is a design of a horse riding centre. The horse riding centre is situated on the outskirts of the village of Střítež nad Bečvou in the Vsetín district. Within the horse riding centre, there are a main building a swell as horse stables with other equestrian facilities for riders and a riding hall. The main centre building has two above-ground floors. On the ground floor, there is a restaurant and a reception hall. On the first floor, there is a guest house providing rooms with ten beds in total. The main building also includes a private residence for the centre owner. The stables provide fourteen boxes for horses to be stabled. The horse riding centre is designed to play a role of a new tourist attraction in the region. The diploma thesis deals with the main building design. The building is supposed to be bricked with ceramic blocks and roofed with a gable roof but partly also with a flat roof. The thesis also looks into two special features – the design of health-technical installation, gas and water plumbing. Last but not least, it designs a steel roof truss.

The aim of the master's thesis is to design an environmentally advanced gym building. In the first part, the building structure is designed. It is a two-storey building. On the first floor there is a reception, a gym, sanitary facilities for athletes, communication areas, facilities for employees, storage areas and technical facilities. On the second floor there is a cafeteria, gym, sanitary facilities for athletes, tribune, communication areas, toilets, staff facilities and technical facilities. The structural system is a skeleton of monolithic reinforced concrete with infill masonry of aerated concrete. Ceiling structures and staircase are also designed as monolithic reinforced concrete. The building is roofed with trussed steel gable trus-ses, the roof cladding consists of PUR boards with surface trapezoidal sheeting. The perimeter walls are insulated with ETICS system. The second part deals with the building environment technology. Heating, air conditioning, cooling, water management, lighting and a photovoltaic power plant are designed. The third part is an energy study for the design of the heating source. Economic and ecological factors are taken into account. The decisive parameters for the selection of the most optimal solution are the total investment costs over the lifetime, the production of CO2 emissions and the consumption of primary nonrenewable energy. The project is developed using AutoCAD and DEKsoft software.

The subject of the master’s thesis is elaboration of the complete project design documentation of accommodation. The object is designed as a double-star boarding house with stables and a caretaker's flat. It is situated in the village Pružina-Chmelisko, on recreation grounds. The object of the boarding house is divided into three above-ground floors and one underground floor. The roof structure is designed as a gable roof. The stables are single-storey buildings with partially used attic above the caretaker’s flat. The roof structure is gabbled. The carrier system of the boarding house consists of clay blocks and a monolithic, reinforced concrete floor slab. The stables’ carrier system is designed as a wooden joist floor, ceramic fittings are slated for filling. Within specialization is the solution of fire safety assessment of both buildings, thermal technical assessment, assessment of acoustics and lighting of the boarding house.

In earlier wood constructions, the method of joining the parts was by the carpenter joint. There are many different kinds of carpenter joints. The kind of carpenter joint that was used was partly due to the type of building, but also to local variations in building tradition.  The industrialization at the end of the 19thcentury led to new construction technology with new types of joints. It gradually became more difficult for the craftsmen to compete with mass-produced standard joints with screws and nails. During the latter half of the 20thcentury, it once again began to become popular with the carpenter joint. New technology in the wood industry began to make carpenter joints competitive.  Modern technology with modeling of geometries has made it possible to analyze and optimize structures and joints in a new way. Verification through tests has also led to increased understanding of wood joints.  Calculation of the load bearing capacity in carpenter joints is possible by applying calculation rules in Eurocode.   The purpose with this study is to verify strength calculations for a traditional carpenter joint.  An analysis of an imagined timber frame and roof truss was made in a calculation program to assess in a rough manner what section forces the structure was subjected to.   A dovetail joint in the roof truss shown in fig. 1 was chosen for further analysis.  Manual calculation of the load bearing capacity in the dovetail joint was made. Verification of the calculations was then done through strength tests in a lab.   The study shows that it is possible to calculate the load bearing capacity in a dovetail joint and that account must be taken to eccentricities in the joint and varying wood quality. / I äldre träbärverk var metoden för sammanfogning av virkesdelar hophuggningen. Det finns en mängd olika typer av hophuggningar. Vilken typ av hophuggning som användes berodde dels på byggnadstypen men även på lokala variationer i byggnadstradition. Industrialiseringen under slutet på 1800-talet bidrog till ny byggteknik med nya typer av förband. Det blev efter hand svårare för timmermännen att konkurrera med massproducerade standardförband med skruv och spik. Under senare halvan av 1900-talet började det åter bli populärt med hophuggningen. Ny teknik inom träindustrin började åter göra timmerförband konkurrenskraftiga. Modern teknik med modellering av geometrier har även gjort det möjligt att på ett nytt sätt analysera och optimera bärverk och förband. Verifiering genom tester har också lett till ökad förståelse av timmerförband. Beräkning av bärförmågan i hophuggningar är möjligt genom tillämpning av beräkningsregler i Eurokod. Syftet med detta arbete är att verifiera hållfasthetsberäkningar för ett traditionellt timmerförband.  En analys av en tänkt timmerram och takstol gjordes i ett beräkningsprogram för att på ett överslagsmässigt sätt bedöma vilka snittkrafter konstruktionen utsattes för. Ett laxförband i takstolen som visas i fig. 1 valdes ut för vidare analys. Manuell beräkning av bärförmågan i laxförbandet gjordes. Verifiering av beräkningarna gjordes därefter genom hållfasthetsprovning av förbandet i laborationslokal. Studien pekar mot att det går att med tillförlitlighet beräkna bärförmågan för ett traditionellt laxförband och att hänsyn skall tas till excentriciteter och varierande virkeskvalitet.

This diploma thesis describes the design of hut with accomodation and restaurant. The hut is situated in Jeseníky mountains. The house is designed as detached house made of clay blocks, with timber roof truss and gable roof. The building has three floors, first one is particulary embedded under the terrain. On the ground floor there is garage, technical and storage rooms. Restaurant with kitchen, toilets,rooms for employees, reception and barrier-free guest room is located on the first floor. On the second floor there are guest and employee rooms.