Thesis (doctoral)--Göttingen, 1932.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Oslo, 1980. / Includes reprints of 7 papers by author.

Thesis (Ph.D.)(Microbiology and Plant Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--Texas State University-San Marcos, 2006. / Vita. Appendices: leaves 83-122. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 123-136).

Orientador: Osmar Aparecido Cuoghi / Banca: Celso Koogi Sonoda / Banca: Alberto Consolaro / Resumo: Introdução: O propósito desta pesquisa foi avaliar a reabsorção radicular após o emprego de forças contínuas e forças contínuas interrompidas. Material e Métodos: Utilizou-se 60 ratos machos da raça Wistar divididos em dois grupos nos quais foram movimentados os primeiros molares superiores direitos com uma mola helicoidal de secção fechada de 3mm - Sentalloy- GAC, liberando 50cN de força. O Grupo I (GI) foi composto por 30 animais com Forças Contínuas (FC), Grupo II (GII), composto por 30 animais, os primeiros molares superiores foram movimentados com Forças Contínuas Interrompidas (FCI). Os grupos de FC e FCI foram subdivididos conforme o tempo experimental de 8, 16 e 24 dias com 10 animais em cada subgrupo. Como Grupo Controle (GC) utilizou-se 10 hemi-maxilas sem movimentação. Avaliou-se em milímetros a quantidade de movimentação dentária pela diferença do lado movimentado e não movimentado. A quantidade de reabsorção radicular foi obtida em porcentagem para as áreas de compressão e tração. Resultados: Não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante na quantidade de movimentação dentária ao comparar os Grupos I e II, nos mesmos tempos experimentais. A quantidade de reabsorção radicular ao avaliar entre os Grupos I e II, aos 8 dias, apresentou maior reabsorção no GI (7,07%), aos 16 dias foi maior a reabsorção no GII (17,86%) e aos 24 dias também apresentou-se maior no GII (22,83%). Conclusões: Os dentes movimentados com Força Contínua, no período de oito dias, apresentaram maior quantidade de reabsorção radicular tanto do lado de compressão como do lado de tração. Os dentes movimentados com Força Contínua Interrompida, nos períodos de 16 e 24 dias, demonstraram maior reabsorção radicular apenas no lado de compressão. As observações determinadas no período de oito dias são mais compatíveis com a realidade clínica. / Abstract: Introduction: the aim of this study was to assess the amount of tooth movement and root resorption after continuous and interrupted continuous force. Method: 60 - male Wistar rat were used to move the first upper right molar by Nickel-Titanium closed spring (Sentalloy-GAC) producing 50cN. Were divided into three groups, Group I (GI) 30 rats, with Continuous Force (CF) and Group II (GII), 30 rats, with Interrupted Continuous Force (ICF) and Control Group (CG) 10 rats without tooth movement. Group I and II were subdivided into three experimental periods of 8, 16 and 24 days, with 10 rats in each sub-group. The amount of tooth movement was measured in millimeters by the subtraction of the distance between movement and not movement sides. The amount of root resorption was obtained in percentage for compression and tension areas. Results: the amount of tooth movement was no statistical significant between GI and GII. Root resorption showed more at 8 days to GI (7,07%), 16 days to GII (17,86%) and 24 days to GII (22,83%). Conclusions: the tooth movement with CF at 8 days, showed high amount of root resorption on both, compression and tension areas. Root resorption with ICF at 16 and 24 days presented higher in compression areas. The findings at 8 days are more compatible with clinical practice. / Mestre

abstract: Analytical solution of the pressure field for water uptake through a composite root, coupled with fully saturated soil is derived by using the slender body approximation. It is shown that in general, the resistance of the root and soil are not additive. This result can play a very important role in modelling water uptake through plant roots and determination of hydraulic resistances of plant roots. Optimum plant root structure that minimizes a single root’s hydraulic resistance is also studied in this work with the constraint of prescribed root volume. Hydraulic resistances under the slender body approximation and without such a limitation are considered. It is found that for large stele-to-cortex permeability ratio, there exists an optimum root length-to-base-radius ratio that minimizes the hydraulic resistance. A remarkable feature of the optimum root structure is that the optimum dimensionless stele conductivity depends only on a single geometrical parameter, the stele-to-root base-radius ratio. Once the stele-to-root base-radius ratio and the stele-to-cortex permeability ratio are given, the optimum root length-to-radius ratio can be found. While these findings remain to be verified by experiments for real plant roots, they offer theoretical guidance for the design of bio-inspired structures that minimizes hydraulic resistance for fluid production from porous media. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2016

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-06-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:25Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 goulart_sl_me_botib.pdf: 7491133 bytes, checksum: 05a3d0a2fc2e9b16c65db6cfef8d0787 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Estudos comparativos da anatomia do lenho de raiz e caule em espécies brasileiras são escassos, porém de grande importância, uma vez que as variações estruturais entre os dois órgãos são indispensáveis para o entendimento das adaptações ecológicas das espécies. Neste trabalho estudou-se a anatomia comparada do lenho de raiz e caule das espécies Lippia salviaefolia Cham. e Aegiphila sellowiana Cham., da família Verbenaceae. As espécies ocorrem em reserva particular de cerrado no município de Pratânia, estado de São Paulo (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Foram estudados três espécimes de L. salviaefolia e A. sellowiana. Amostras de caule foram coletadas à altura do peito (AP), isto é, a 1,30 m do solo e as amostras de raiz foram coletadas de 30 a 40 cm da base do tronco. Observou-se que houve variações anatômicas, qualitativa e quantitativa, entre os órgãos analisados, caule e raiz, para ambas as espécies. As duas espécies possuem camadas de crescimento distintas em ambos os órgãos. Anel semi-poroso foi observado no lenho de ambas as espécies. Placas de perfuração simples e múltiplas foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em L. salviaefolia, enquanto que placas de perfuração simples foram observadas nos elementos de vaso do lenho de raiz e caule em A. sellowiana. Raios mais largos foram observados no lenho de raiz em ambas as espécies. Fibras septadas foram observadas no lenho de raiz em L. salviaefolia e no lenho de caule e raiz em A. sellowiana. Fibras bifurcadas, com cavidades e com interrupção de parede foram observadas no lenho de caule e raiz em L. salviaefolia e A. sellowina O índice de vulnerabilidade e mesomorfia indicam que as plantas de L. salviaefolia estão adaptadas às condições xéricas e as plantas de A. sellowiana estão adaptadas às condições mésicas. Quantitativamente, as características... / Comparative wood anatomy of root and stem in Brazilian species are scarce and they are important as the structural variations between both organs might explain the adaptive characteristics of the species. Wood from stem and root of L. salviaefolia Cham. and Aegiphila sellowiana Cham. (Verbenaceae) was studied. The study was conducted in a cerrado area in Pratânia municipality, São Paulo state (23º 02 55, 5 S e 48º 31 26,1 W). Three plants of each species were studied. Stem samples were collected at a breast height (1.30 m from soil), and root samples were collected 30 to 40 cm from the stem base. There were qualitative and quantitative variation between root and stem wood in both species. Well defined growth increments were observed in root and stem wood in both species. Semi-porous rings were observed in the wood of both species. Simple and multiple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in L. salviaefolia, while simple perforation plates were observed in vessel elements of root and stem wood in A. sellowiana. Wider rays were observed in root wood in both species. Septate fibres were observed in root wood of L. salviaefolia and in root and stem wood of A. sellowiana. Concavities-and-gaps-containing bifurcated fibres were observed in the stem and root wood for both A. sellowiana and L. salviaefolia. The vulnerability and mesomorphy indexes indicate that L. salviaefolia plants are adapted to xeric conditions and A. sellowiana plants are adapted to mesic conditions. The most informative quantitative characteristics differing root wood from stem one in L. salviaefolia were: vessel elements length and frequency; fibre diameter and length, and wall thickness; and ray width and height. In A. sellowiana, they were: vessel elements length, diameter and frequency; fibre diameter and wall thickness; and ray width, height and frequency and intervascular pitting diameter.

Investigou-se o efeito da radiopacidade de diferentes materiais obturadores sobre a sensibilidade, especificidade e confiabilidade da análise radiográfica de obturações endodônticas. Após determinação da radiopacidade dos materiais, um total de 80 dentes caninos tiveram seus canais radiculares preparados com a técnica clássica antes de serem divididos em 5 grupos cada qual a ser obturado com um dos cimentos obturadores estudados (AH Plus, Endomèthasone®, Sealer 26, Acroseal e cimento não-radiopaco). Antes do preenchimento com a técnica de condensação lateral da guta-percha, em metade dos dentes de cada grupo, inseriu-se um fio de nylon radiolúcido (Ø 0.25 mm), ao longo do canal radicular para simular um defeito de obturação (n=8). Um total de 36 dentes molares superiores, depois de instrumentados, foram divididos em 3 grupos cada qual a ser obturado com um dos cimentos testados (AH Plus, Acroseal e cimento não-radiopaco) (n=12). Antes da obturação com a mesma técnica utilizada nos caninos, um fio de 0.08 mm de espessura foi estendido no canal disto-vestibular de cada dente. Após a utilização de artifícios para simular a sobreposição dos tecidos humanos, os dentes obturados foram radiografados e as imagens periapicais analisadas por endodontistas e radiologistas quanto à presença de defeitos de preenchimento nas obturações. Após análise estatística empregandose os testes exato de Fisher, Kappa e teste t (p<0.05). Observou-se menor sensibilidade no exame dos dentes anteriores obturados com os cimentos radiopacos, principalmente na avaliação dos radiologistas, e identificou-se maior especificidade para as obturações efetuadas com os cimentos endomethasone® e Acroseal. No julgamento dos dentes posteriores, o cimento Acroseal proporcionou menor sensibilidade do que o AH Plus e houve menores valores de especificidade na avaliação dos endodontistas, embora sem diferenças entre os grupos de cimentos estudados. A confiabilidade mostrou-se maior para as obturações dos caninos realizadas com Endomethasone® e Sealer 26 e não se detectaram diferenças entre os grupos na avaliação das obturações dos molares. Concluiu-se que a radiopacidade dos cimentos influenciou na sensibilidade, especificidade e confiabilidade da análise radiográfica de obturações endodônticas, assim como a especialidade dos examinadores. / The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different radiopaque sealers in the sensitivity, specificity and realiability of radiographic root canal filling exam. After radiopacity distinction of root canal sealing materials, a total of 80 extracted single-rooted upper canines had their canals prepared with classic technique before being divided into 5 groups, each to be filled with one of the tested sealers (AH Plus, Endomèthasone®, Sealer 26, Acroseal and non-radiopaque sealer). In half specimens a radiolucent nylon monofilament string (Ø 0.25 mm) positioned inside the root canal to simulate a radiolucent void before being filled with gutta percha lateral condensation (n=8). A total of 36 maxillary molars were divide into 3 groups, each to be filled with one of the tested sealers (AH Plus, Acroseal and non-radiopaque sealer). Before being filled with lateral condensation technique, a Ø 0.08mm string was positioned alongside distobuccal root canal. After root canal filling, each tooth was strictly positioned in a device to simulate bone and soft tissue before being exposed to X rays. The resulting images were interpreted for presence of voids by radiologists and endodontists. The differences between groups were assessed using Fisher Exact, Cohens Kappa and t test (>0.05). There were less sensitivity for all radiopaque sealers, specially for radiologists, and higher specificity when Endomethasone® and Acroseal were used to fill the upper canines. Root canal fillings performed in maxillary molars with Acrosel showed lower sensibility values than AH Plus mainly to endodontists, but no difference in specificity between groups. There were lower reliability than control group for canines filled with Endomethasone® and Sealer 26. The differences of reliability between groups were not statistically significant. It was concluded that radiopacity of sealers influenced on sensitivity, specificity and reliability of radiographic root canal filling exam, as well as the speciality of examiners.

Dissertation submitted in part compliance with the requirements for the Master's Degree in Technology: Homeopathy, Technikon Natal, Durban, South Africa, 2002. / The purpose of this study was to expand on the foundations laid by previous homeopathic research, using controlled agricultural experiments as an objective disease system. More specifically, these trials were to investigate and evaluate the efficacy of a fungicide (Previcur') against homeopathic preparations of a plant pathogenic fungus, Pythium, on seedlings infected with this fungus. Pythium is a worldwide problem and continues to cause substantial crop losses. Few chemical methods are available to control this disease and alternatives are being sought which are more cost-effective, safer for the environment and do not lead to pathogenic resistance. Relatively few trials using Homeopathy in plant pathology have been done to date. Furthermore, many of the earlier trials proved to have little scientific credibility, due to poor methods and insufficient data. More recent trials have shown interesting results, which have opened the doors for further investigation. This study compared the effects of Previcur\xAEagainst Homeopathic preparations of Pythium, on infected cabbage and cucumber seedlings. There were 28 trays for each crop and seven treatments per crop: four Homeopathic treatments (9CH, 15CH, 30CH and 200CH), two controls (one inoculated and the other un-inoculated) and Previcur'. The seedlings were treated twice weekly, using a 2.5ml drench per seedling, and were harvested three weeks after planting. The trial was run twice, in succession. Based on the nature of Pythium and the disease it causes, four parameters were measured in this trial. To assess the germination rate, the seedlings were counted three days after planting, to establish how many had broken the surface soil. To assess survival rate, the seedlings were counted at the time of harvesting. To assess growth, the seedlings were initially weighed wet (immediately after harvesting) and then dry (after 24 hours in an oven at 50\xB0C). The data was analysed by two methods: the General Linear Models Procedure (GLMP) produced ANOVA tables, which compared the variation between the four replicates of each of the seven treatments. The data was also analysed with the Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test, to determine the variation between the seven treatments. The results showed that Previcur®consistently produced the best or second best results, in terms of mean wet and dry weights, which was evident in the statistical analysis. However, a noticeable trend emerged with the 30CH treatment: it provided the lowest mean weights in seven of the eight parameters measured while showing evidence of consistent statistical significance from the other treatments throughout both trials. The implications were that this treatment had either enhanced the disease process or had suppressed plant growth. Student Newman Keuls (SNK) test, to determine the variation between the seven treatments. This trial raised issues regarding the effects of homeopathy on disease, as well as the internal mechanisms of disease control within plant structures. Further research into this area is encouraged, to further the platform already laid by statistically valid trials done thus far. / M

Understanding the dynamical bases of the interaction between the plant mineral nutrition and the circadian clock could contribute to improve crop yield and resistance to adverse conditions, such as mineral element deficiencies. Magnesium is an essential element that catalyzes more than six hundred enzymatic reactions and occupies the center of the chlorophyll structure in plants. Physiological targets of magnesium deficiency are generally better described in aerial than in belowground organs. In this thesis, we first characterized the root morphology of the model species Arabidopsis thaliana (Columbia-0) in response to magnesium supply during in vitro culture. The length of primary root and the number and length of lateral roots decreased during magnesium depletion. A local magnesium-rich source does not enhance the root foraging capacity, unlike some other major nutrients. Auxin and abscisic acid emerged as two hormones shaping root morphology in response to magnesium deficiency. Second, we investigated the natural variation of the root morphology response to magnesium supply in Arabidopsis. Thirty-six accessions were screened in vitro. Compared to the reference Columbia-0, some accessions had higher number and length of lateral roots at low magnesium supply. Root or shoot magnesium concentrations did not implicitly correlate with the root morphological traits. However, shoot calcium and root phosphorus concentrations correlated positively with the lateral root number and length, while root iron negatively with the length of primary root. Third, we focused on the interaction between the plant magnesium nutrition and the circadian clock circuit. We tested for a possible involvement of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTOR 3-LIKE 1 (PIL1) - a clock-associated gene that is down-regulated during magnesium depletion - in morphological and physiological responses, and for a circadian connection of PIL1 in the context of magnesium deficiency. The phenotypes of loss-of-function and overexpression lines did not reveal a major role of PIL1 in the magnesium deficiency symptom manifestation but rather in the plant mineral profile. The expression of PIL1 was apparently not under any circadian control. However, PIL1 seemed to regulate the expressions of some core clock genes (CCA1, LHY and PRR9), which were also targets during magnesium deficiency. In conclusion, PIL1 has a link with the circadian rhythm machinery but it does not emerge as a pivotal regulator of magnesium stress responses. / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished