Plant physiologist Bohumil Němec is one of the most important people in the history of Czech science. In this thesis, crucial concepts and theories that B. Němec developed in his scientific and popularizing publications are described and put in context. In addition, materials from the personal fond of B. Němec located in the Archive of the CAS were used. Particular questions tackled in this thesis are those of stimuli transmission in plants, the starch-statolith theory of gravitropism, morphaesthesia, organogenes, Němec's approach to evolutionary theory, and genetics, and the division of organisms in two groups. Moreover, Němec's role in the contemporary debates about vitalism, mechanism, and the effect of these two philosophies on the approach towards scientific research is indicated. By that, Němec's transition from the mechanism to the so-called physiology of stimuli (Rheizphysiologie) is illustrated. The outcome of the thesis is broadening the knowledge in the history of plant physiology, especially the history of the natural sciences in the Czech context.

In 2016 a one-year vegetation experiment was established on the grounds of the Institute of Breeding and Propagation of Horticultural Plants at the Faculty of Horticulture in Lednice. In the experiment, the effect of new recipes for nursery substrates with higher air content on nurseries was experimentally evaluated. Non-traditional components were wood fiber and cocopeat, which were compared with the peat substrate. The experimental plant was Spiraea bumalda 'Anthony Waterer'. Selected morphological parameters, such as plant height, number of shoots, plant weight, average of root collar and root system volume, were assessed for the plants. From the experimental results it can be stated that all four variants of the tested substrates achieved statistically balanced results in most of the measured parameters. However, visual evaluation of the roots was also important. The root system of the variation in peat-free substrate containing wood fibers and cocopeat was dense with a large number of fine roots. On the contrary, the variant in 100% peat had strong roots wrapped around the wall of the container with a minimum of fine roots. Variants with different wood fiber content had a denser root system depending on the reduction in peat content.

The thesis deals with the topic of the use of the climbing plants in the territory of the Czech Republic in the first half of the 20th century with a focus on villa gardens architecture. The work concerns the main factors affecting the period use of plants, villa gardens and significant landscape architects of that era, who significantly influenced the garden and landscape production and form of private gardens at that time. It characterizes the climbing plants employed in the given period, the period range of these plants with availability in the current offer of nursery firms, object of residential gardens determined by the given period with documentation of period use of climbing plants and recommendations for the use of these plants in the restoration of period objects. Findings of the study are supported by the analysis of the historical plan documentation and historical price lists and catalogues. The information obtained from historical plans compares the field research of the fourteen surviving objects of residential gardens with pictorial documentation.

This Master's thesis maps the history and present of using medicinal, aromatic and spice plants in floristry. Based on this, a summary of plant species used in floristry has been created. It also points out their history and usage. Experimental part deals with presentation of medicinal, aromatic and spice plants on Flora Olomouc 2013 exhibition, describes the used presentation techniques and deals with economy of presentation. Appendix is made up of photographic documenation of these plants used in floristry and exhibitions.

The pheromone traps for monitoring of seasonal dynamic and abundance of apple clearwing (Synanthedon myopaeformis Borkhausen, 1789) and currant clearwing moth (Synanthedon tipuliformis Clerk, 1759) has been used near the town Lysice from May to August of the year 2017. During the experiment, their occurrence was compared in intensively (Lysice) and extensively (Lažany) cultivated areas with currants and orchards of apple trees, where older and younger plants are cultivated. In Lažany the flight activity of the males was studied also during the day. In the winter of 2017 and 2018 the occurrence of currant clearwing moth caterpillars was evaluated in the shoots of the currant. At both localities 223 individuals of apple clearwings and 281 individuals of currant clearwings moth were caught. The greater abundance both species was found in intensively cultivated areas on older and damaged host plants. Males of apple clearwing flew to the pheromone traps from 26th May to 9th August, they were caught in the highest abundance around 20th July. Males of currant clearwing moth flew to the pheromone traps from 31st May to 28th July, with a maximum abundance around of 10th July, The adults of both species were intercepted from 9:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m. The males of apple clearwing moth were caught in the highest abundance at 11:00 a.m. and at 1:00 p.m. The males of currant clearwing moth were caught in the high abundance at 12:00 a.m. During the winter control only one living caterpillar of currant clearwing moth was found. On the plants no damage caused by the examined species clearwings was found, and therefore no pest control is required.

Winter rape is a crop that we cultivate both in traditional and minimizing technology. The economy of minimizing technology is hidden in the high performance of shallow soil tillage machines. If we want to have a well-established growth we have to deal with these problems: suitable bulk weight of soil and size of soil aggregates, good processing of post-harvest residues, prevention of weed growth and sowing in the right agrotechnical term with seed distribution according to sowing technology.

This diploma thesis focuses on the survey of synanthropic flora and vegetation on the northwestern outskirts of the city of Brno. It includes the northwestern part of the Bystrc and Kníničky city districts, the adjacent surroundings of the Brno Reservoir and a substantial part of Mniší hora. The explored area is precisely demarcated by 4 squares corresponding to 1/16 of the basic field of the Central European network mapping (6765CAa+b+c+d). The abundances of the found species were noted and information about their origin and degree of threat was added later. The most important findings include the information about their exact location. Selected specimens of determined, well collected and pressed species are prepared to be stored in a herbarium. The phytosociological plots were sampled to characterize diverse habitat types located in the area. On the whole, I found 522 plant species in the defined area, of which 134 are non-native and 37 species belong to the category of plants with a specific threat level. The most interesting findings are Stachys annua and Anthriscus caucalis belonging to the strongly endangered category (C2 t). There are two more interesting findings that were located on the bridge to the ZOO, Panicum miliaceum and Setaria italica, and the expanding Cornus sericea on the bank of the river Svratka. I found overall 25 invasive species, 19 of them are neophytes and 6 of them are archaeophytes. The acquired data will be included to the freely available database of Flora of Brno. A large number of other botanists contribute to this database, who record new, but also the most common plant species that get sometimes overlooked.

The aim of this Master thesis was to assess the survival and growing out of container planting stock for the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst) and the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) after the set period of stressing by dessication due to incorrect manipulation. The plants exposed to desiccation for 2, 3, 4 and 5 days were planted in a research area. During the first day of testing, the variant for checking of unstressed planting stock was planted. The research also included the testing of new methods for assessing root ball water loss during plant desiccation. The method for measuring the decrease in weight of a root ball during manipulation was used and two devices for measure moisture levels in root balls were tested (HH2 and WHT 860). The first assessment was carried out five weeks after planting out, during which vitality and sprouting progress were assessed. The second assessment took place at the end of the vegetation period, and vitality, duration of apical increment, thickness of the rootcollar and the length of needles and leaves were assessed. It was confirmed that with an increased duration of root ball desiccation comes the loss of moisture which after a certain period of time negatively impacted the survival and growing out of the tested plants. The limit for the root ball was a 3-day-long exposure of the planting stock to desiccation. The spruce planting stock is significantly more resistant to the negative effects of radiation and desiccation than the beech planting stock. The minimal threshold for moisture levels was set, determining when the planting stock can grow out without any major problems. The tested methods appear to be promising and can be used to assess the planting stock quality before the planting.

Plant invasions represent a major ecological and socio-economical issue and understanding the drivers as well as consequences of plant invasions is thus one of the main goals of plant ecology. It is equally important to reveal general patterns underlying plant invasions and to understand the details of biology of individual invaders. In this thesis I explored plant-soil feedback (PSF) as a possible general mechanism underlying plant invasiveness, and also focused in detail on drivers and consequences of Impatiens parviflora invasion. The aims of this thesis were to i) assess the differences in intraspecific PSF between invasive and alien non-invasive species using a large set of species; ii) explore the relationship between PSF, residence time and phylogenetic novelty of the alien species; iii) compare the importance of PSF and other plant characteristics for plant invasiveness; iv) compare PSF between invasive and native congeners of similar level of dominance in the field; v) evaluate the effect of cultivating conditions on results of PSF experiments; vi) describe invasion dynamics and determine factors affecting spread of invasive I. parviflora using a method of monitoring its natural spread in several types of habitats, and vii) assess the impact of I. parviflora on native vegetation of oak-...

In this thesis I deal with various aspects of influence of clearings on plant communities in NP Podyjí. Special space is dedicated to light-demanding, threatened and alien plant species, and their response to light improvement. The area of the Podyjí NP has been used by people continuously for a very long time. There is therefore a whole range of plant species, linked to a certain anthropogenic disturbance regime. I observed the development of plant communities using phytocenological relevés on six pairs of clearings (isolated and connected with open habitats), created in 2011 and 2012. At the same time, I also investigated the adjacent closed-canopy forests and open forests on the edge of the canyon. During the first year after cutting, there was a significant increase in diversity and species cover in the clearings. In the following years, significant changes took place on isolated clearings, as the zone of closed-canopy forest delayed low colonization by new individuals in first years. In the clearings, diversity and abundance of plants were significantly higher than in the closed-canopy forest and open forest. The number of endangered plant species was the highest in open forest. Several unique species of endangered plants have been recorded on clearings. These species have not been found in...