Functional traits of 217 high altitude plants were studied in Eastern Ladakh (NW Himalayas, India). Changes in functional traits along altitudinal and moisture gradient were analysed. Plants were classified into 9 different habitats according to their frequency of occurence.

Nejedly, J.: Nutraceuticals 5. Compounds usable as an adjuvant in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Kralove 2014, 102 p. This literature review, dealing with the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease and possible use of nutraceutical products as an adjuvant in the therapy of the disease, has been done by analysis of foreign and domestic literature. In the chapter Alzheimer's disease, various pathological processes, leading to the development of the disease and also risk factors, clinical picture and a brief indications of currently used treatment, were introduced. The main part of thesis called Nutraceuticals has introduced a comprehensive overview and categorization of compounds (plant extracts) which can be used in influencing of Alzheimer's disease by the mechanism of action. In the chapter Nutraceuticals in Czech Republic, various product and suplements were listed, which are available on the market in Czech Republic and could be used as an adjuvant in the therapy of Alzheimer's disease. Finally, it was shown the evaluation (pros, cons, potential interaction) of substances and supplements, which have been state in the thesis, with a proposal for their...

Kočová, K.: Natural compounds and their β-secretase inhibitory activity, Diploma thesis, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradci Králové, Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Ecology, Hradec Králové 2015, 83 p. Data used in this Diploma Thesis have been taken from foreigner scientific literature. It provides the whole summary of natural compounds with β-secretase inhibitory activity. First chapter Alzheimer's disease briefly describes a definition, risk factors and symptomatology of the disease. Most of this chapter characterizes an etiopathology of the disease focused on amyloid theory. Finally there are also mentioned current approaches to therapy of Alzheimer's disease and those, which stay in clinical trials. Next part is dedicated to physiological functions and substrates of the β-secretase. This diploma thesis evaluates the current state of scientific research of synthetic inhibitors of β-secretase, describes the most important methods of testing inhibition and activity of β-secretase in vitro and outlines the issue of development of new inhibitors using in silico method. Main part of this work consists of the list of natural compounds with β- secretase inhibitory activity. This part is structured according to particular types of primary and secondary metabolites....

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At the beginning, the plant domestication was probably a non-conscious process. Later, it changed to a targeted process, when the cultural crops were developed from wild species due to human activities. Some crops occurred as a weed of the first cultural species in the past and were selected for individual crops during the domestication. The very beginning of the domestication can be found in neolithic era, when humans chan- ged their way of life from picking & hunting to agriculture & shepherdy. Change of climate after the last ice age was probably one of the reasons. Wild plants as a whole differ from cultural crops in set of domestication characters. Domesticated crops have for example bigger fruits (tomato plant - Solanum lycopersicum L.), contain lower amount of toxic substances (solanine, potato - S. tuberosum L.), natural spreading of seeds and dormancy were inhibited (pea - Pisum L.) etc. Spontaneous releasing of seeds was a big issue already in the past, and is a big issue also now. Afford to avoid this behavior was exerted from the beginning of agriculture. Plants developed various mechanisms of seed spreading into their surroundings for the purposes of species preservation. Legumes developed explosive seed spreading. Shrinking pod valves exert tension on both junctions and once the critical force was reached, the pod suddenly opens. During this action, the pod orientation changes (the tip obliquely upwards) and the seeds are catapulted up to several meters into surroundings. The objective of this work was to narrow mapping interval of the pod shattering ge- ne (Dpo1) in pea (Pisum L.) and focus on evaluation of phenotype of recombinant in- bred lines (RILs). Several RILs formed by crossbreeding of contract parent genotypes of P. elatius were used Steven ex M. Bieb. JI64 × clutural pea P. sativum L. JI92 and reci- procal crossbreeding JI92 × JI64; P. elatius Steven ex M. Bieb. VIR320 × cultural pea P. sativum L. WL1238. Next objective was a comparison anatomical analysis of pod structure in the area of ventral and dorsal junction and endocarp structure.

This thesis deals with use of growth regulators to reduce lodging of spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). The field trial was conducted in corn production area on a clay-loamy glue fluvisol since 2012 to 2014. An effect of growth regulators was monitored on spring barley of the variety Bojos. Preparations Retacel extra R 68 (chlormequat chloride), Moddus (trinexapac-ethyl) and Cerone 480 SL (etephon) were chosen to crop regulation. The aim of the thesis was to carry intensive crop barley focused on correct application of growth regulators according to the cultivation methodologies. Growth regulators were used in various combinations with one another in three dose and dosage times. From this reason cob length, number of seeds per spike, grain yield and selected parameters of malting barley quality were monitored and evaluated. There was no negative effect of different combinations and does of growth regulators on production and quality of spring barley while the aim of crop shortening was achieved. In 2014 up to 20% of the effect of stalk length shortage was achieved. The greatest shortening was achieved on the stalks with higher dose of Cerone. In 2013 the yield increased of 1,95 t.ha-1 in variants with growth regulators.

The objective of my work was to evaluate the efficiency of a native species of predatory mite Typhlodromus pyri Scheuten against two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) within IPM and organic hop growing and to find out if hop protection against T. urticae with the help of T. pyri can replace conventional hop protection based on miticides and if it can be profitable. The trials were carried out since 2011 till 2015 in three hop gardens at a research farm Stekník, which belongs to Hop Research Institute in Žatec (Saaz). The first experimental hop garden, where IPM is practiced, is called Černice I. The other one BIO is, as the name says, under organic regime. The third one called Kaplička (Little Chapel) I., served as a reference one because hop is grown there under a common conventional system with the use of miticides to control T. urticae. In regular intervals since the time when the first spider mites were observed at hop leaves till the harvest fifty leaves were sampled (17 from lower, 17 from middle and 16 from upper parts of hop plants) in the hop garden with IPM regime and in the organic hop garden. Population densities of eggs, mobile stages of T. urticae and T. pyri were assessed together with nymphs of predatory Thrips of the genus Aeolothrips, which occurred there naturally as the dominant native acarophagous predators. The results were statistically evaluated with the help of correlation analyses and t-test for independent groups. Efficiency of T. pyri and economical comparison with chemical protection were made as well. It is possible to conclude that after release of predatory mites and under using of selective pesticides the biodiversity is higher. Hop protection against two-spotted spider mite with the help of T. pyri can be profitable and it can replace chemical protection against this dangerous pest for many years. T. pyri is commonly more efficient if population density of T. urticae is lower. The tightest dependence at the level of 90% was statistically confirmed between occurrence of T. urticae eggs and its mobile stages. Statistically important difference was found out between the two different types of hop growing in the most of the cases.