The aim of the thesis titled "Substances contained in Plants of the Nightshade Family (Solanaceae) and their Usage in Biology Teaching" is to familiarize the reader with basic toxicological and pharmacological terms contained in the information on Nightshade plants (Solanaceae). Further it introduces Nightshade plants (Solanaceae) and their substances in more detail. It describes the use and abuse of these plants in poisoning, usage in traditional medicine, homeopathy and modern medicine. It outlines the history of the use and especially abuse of plants containing alkaloids. It also describes options for didactic use through laboratory work and assesses and compares the quality of information available in the literature for high school students. Information contained in this work can be practically used in teaching subjects such as toxicology, pharmacology and pharmacognosy at secondary schools with focus on the chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Key terms: Content Substances, Plant Alkaloids, Poisonous Plants, The Use and Abuse of Solanaceous Plants.

Nematodes of the genus Phasmarhabditis (Nematoda: Rhabditidae) are world-wide distributed molluscs´ parasites. Species P. hermaphrodita is the only commercially produced bio-agent for slug control. The aim of this thesis is to evaluate some ecologic characteristics of three newly described species of the genus Phasmarhabditis (P. bohemica, P. bonaquaense a P. apuliae) in polyxenic and monoxenic cultures. Three bacterial isolates, Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp. and Flavobacterium sp. were chosen for testing the monoxenic cultures. The growing ability of tested nematodes, the effect on the quality of progeny and the rate of development were examined on various organic substrates (compost, faeces of Deroceras slugs, homogenized Deroceras slugs, homogenized larvae of Galleria mellonella and homogenized pig kidney). Subsequently, the growth of nematodes was tested in solid and liquid media. The last experiment was focused on evaluating the impact of polyxenic and monoxenic nematode cultures on the mortality and feeding activity of Deroceras reticulatum and Cepaea hortensis. As is assumed in the results chapter, all examined species of nematodes are lethal facultative parasites of Deroceras spp. They are able to grow in broad spectre of organic substrates and bacteria which influence the production of the progeny, but the qualitative parameters of dauer juveniles remain more or less unaffected.

This thesis is a contribution to understanding of predisposition of solitary Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) to bark beetle (Ips typographus (L.)) attack. The predisposition is estimated from long term effects of multiple stress, which are determined by tree crown transformation. By virtue of created model, it was documented that some environmental variables could have considerable effect on tree crown transformation. Tree crown transformation is generally considered a mirror of spruce health status.

This diploma thesis evaluates the knowledge of plants' anatomy and morphology at primary schools. There is very important the type of textbooks used in biology education. The present work is divided into 2 parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part describes methods of evaluation of textbooks and educational results and also formation of didactic test, statistical methods and inquiry-based education. Because we wanted to know frequency of use of this approach in biology lessons. The practical part contains research results.

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This thesis verifies knowledge of primary school pupils' regarding chosen topic from natural science - plan morphology. Level of knowledge was determined using ditactic test and pupils' drawing and description. The thesis further analyses quality of textbooks, including image materials, used in school extra curriculum activities. The results of this work is used to determine whether pupils' drawings can be used for testing, how can pupils express themselves using drawing and what level of knowledge do they possess in plant morphology.

The purpose of this diploma work is preparation attractive working sheets, which approximate to the pupils of the primary school amusing form one actual ecological problem in the empire of the herbage. Working sheets are divided into four parts. Every part contains at first the theoretic pieces of knowledge and then their exercises. The theory includes the topic of vegetable essential oils and their tasks in vegetable stress. This subject is processed from the view to knowledge of the pupils from primary scholls. Contribution of working sheets is experimentally checked-out practically. By two sets of pupils is given test to check the level knowledge {--} by those, who working sheets worked up and to the control group of the pupils, who didn´t work with working sheets. Test results are compared.

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This thesis is focused on description of superabsorbents with controlled released of nutrients, specifically macronutrients nitrogen, phosphorus and kalium. Superabsorbents are polymers, mostly acrylic acid polymers, that can absorb huge amount of water without dissolving in it. In its structure they can hold water and thanks to this they are very perspective materials for agricultural usage. Experimental part was focused on growing corn with use of superabsorbents and control samples without use of superabsorbents. Plants were growth for 3 time periods, specifically 46, 60 and 74 days. During the experiments, plats were growth without water stress and in controlled conditions in growing box under UV lamp that simulated day and night by turning on and off after 12 hours. At the end, an image analysis was performed in HARFA program, from which we got information about branching of the roots. Results were supplemented by soil and plants analysis.

My PhD thesis is focused on study of plant-soil interactions. Chapter 1 is focused on general introduction to the interactions between plants and soil biota in terms of relationships between soil organisms and aboveground biomass as well as root biomass. Chapter 2 is focused on food interaction of Folsomia candida and soil microscopic fungi (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium expansum, Absidia glauca, and Cladosporium herbarum). Fungi were grown separately on Petri dishes or on different litter type (oak, alder and willow) separately as well. Laboratory experiments showed that food preference was more influenced by different litter types than fungal species. In chapter 3 was studied long-term production of hybrid sorrel and its effect on the composition of the soil meso and macrofauna, basal soil respiration, microbial biomass and composition of cultivable fraction of soil microscopic fungi in comparison with oilseed rape and cultural meadow. There was found that long-term production of hybrid sorrel affects the composition of soil fauna, while the microbial activity of the soil was more affected by agriculture practices, especially tillage. In chapter 4 was studied the effect of native (Salix viminialis and Phalaris arudinacea) and introduced (Reynoutria sachalinensis, Silphium perfoliatum and...