Différents organismes internationaux se sont penchés sur l’école rurale des pays en émergence. La plupart de ces travaux de recherche montrent que ces écoles n’offrent pas une éducation adaptée au milieu dans lesquelles elles sont situées, du fait essentiellement qu’on y a implanté la structure administrative et pédagogique des écoles urbaines sans tenir compte des caractéristiques de la population infantile des zones rurales. Afin de tenter de remédier aux difficultés identifiées, ces organismes ont proposé diverses solutions ou préconisé des politiques adaptées à ce contexte particulier. Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier comment ces recommandations convergent-elles avec les politiques éducatives et dans le quotidien des écoles en milieu rural de deux pays de l’Amérique centrale, le Costa Rica et le Nicaragua. À cette fin, comme cadre d'analyse, nous avons établi six catégories : condition socio-économique, plan d'études et pédagogie, relation école et communauté, enseignants, technologie et finalement, gestion et gouvernance. Pour ce faire, nous analysons les recommandations globales formulées par diverses organisations internationales et d’autres organismes des pays développés à propos de l'éducation rurale. Nous comparons ensuite ces informations avec les décisions politiques prises ces dernières vingt années, dans les deux pays sélectionnés afin de favoriser le développement éducatif des zones rurales. Pour finir, nous observons sur le terrain le quotidien de quelques écoles rurales des deux pays retenus. En partant de l’hypothèse qu’il existe suffisamment d’information et de recommandations permettant l’élaboration des politiques éducatives appropriées pour améliorer les conditions des écoles rurales, le travail présente une analyse multiniveaux (recommandations globales, politiques nationales et pratiques scolaires) en établissant la convergence ou la divergence dans chacune des catégories. Les principaux résultats de la recherche démontrent qu'il existe une convergence entre les pratiques scolaires et les politiques éducatives émises par les pays étudiés, avec quelques exceptions. Quant à la convergence entre les recommandations globales et les politiques émises par ces pays, on ne peut pas parler de convergence de façon générale. La recherche propose l'élaboration de profil de politiques nationales pour chaque pays, en fonction de la manière par laquelle ils abordent la problématique de l'éducation rurale : soit par l’assignation des ressources pour étendre les services éducatifs normalisés pour tous les enfants, ou en produisant des politiques focalisées, créant des programmes spécifiques, faisant remarquer la différence du monde rural. / Various international organizations have studied rural schools in developing countries and the majority of the research shows that these schools do not offer an education adapted to the community in which they are located. This is primarily due to the fact that the schools are integrating administrative and teaching structures of urban schools without taking into consideration the characteristics of child populations in rural zones. In response to the identified difficulties, these organizations proposed various solutions or recommended policies adapted to this particular context. The goal of this research is to study how these recommendations translate into educational policies and their impact on daily life of rural schools in two Central American countries, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. For this purpose, we’ve created an analysis framework with six categories: socio-economic status, curriculum and pedagogy, school and community relationships, teachers, technology, and lastly, management and governance. With this intention, we’ve analyzed the recommendations made by various international organizations and other organizations from developed countries related to rural education. We’ve compared this information to the political decisions on educational development in rural communities made in the last twenty in these two countries. Lastly, we’ve completed the research with field observations, studying the day-to-day work in rural schools. Working from the hypothesis that there exists sufficient valid information and recommendations to issue appropriate policies that improve conditions in rural schools, this work presents a multi-level analysis (global recommendations, national policies and school practices) by determining convergences and divergences in each of these levels. The main results of the research show that there is a convergence between school practices and education policies created by the countries, with some minor exceptions. When it comes to convergence between global recommendations and the countries’ policies, we cannot speak of convergence in general. This research proposes the use of national policy profiles for each country, depending on how they deal with the challenges of rural education: assigning resources to extend standard educational services to all children, or generating targeted policies, creating specific programs that highlight the difference of the rural world.

Este estudo apresenta uma cartografia do processo de inclusão digital em uma escola do campo, de classe multisseriada, situada no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, contemplada pelo Programa Nacional de Educação no Campo em 2013. Busca-se responder à pergunta “Que movimentos em direção ao letramento e emancipação digital podem ser observados, identificados ou verificados em uma comunidade rural a partir da inserção de dispositivos móveis na modalidade de um laptop por aluno em uma escola do campo?”. O estudo visa a observar, acompanhar, cartografar e compreender os movimentos da comunidade escolar e verificar se há mudanças provocadas pela inserção dos laptops indicando ações de letramento digital. Tendo em vista que a proposta do estudo é de acompanhar um processo em andamento, optou-se pela cartografia como inspiração para o método de investigação, pois permite produzir e construir os dados da pesquisa enquanto se realizam as observações das práticas em sala de aula, as entrevistas com os estudantes e professores, e os registros no diário de bordo da pesquisadora. Nessa caminhada, enquanto registra suas observações, cartografando suas percepções com relação aos sujeitos-atores da pesquisa, a pesquisadora se transforma também em um dos atores do processo. A produção dos dados é guiada por cinco pistas, quais sejam: (1) funcionamento da atenção no trabalho do cartógrafo; (2) cartografar é acompanhar processos; (3) cartografar é habitar um território existencial; (4) por uma política da narratividade e os registros em um diário de bordo; e (5) a entrevista de manejo cartográfico e a experiência do dizer. A observação e registro dos movimentos observados permite delinear algumas mudanças na rotina e nas práticas escolares fornecendo subsídios para a análise de mudanças que apontam para situações de letramento e emancipação digital que ultrapassam os limites da sala de aula e da escola. Essa análise perpassa pelos conceitos de autonomia, interação e solidariedade, cooperação e respeito mútuo, emancipação e empoderamento, cultura digital, letramento digital e emancipação digital. Embora a inclusão digital seja um dos objetivos do Pronacampo, os movimentos identificados no estudo e que efetivamente indicam inclusão e letramento digitais são, de fato, provocados pelo comprometimento e envolvimento da comunidade escolar em explorar algumas práticas com os laptops e em buscar soluções para problemas de conectividade e manutenção dos equipamentos. Entre esses movimentos, encontra-se a busca pelo acesso à internet nas residências de alguns estudantes como alternativa à dificuldade de captação de sinal por causa da localização da escola. Também é possível identificar movimentos em direção ao letramento digital cultivado pela postura das professoras em provocar situações para que as crianças explorem recursos e possibilidades de uso dos laptops. Mesmo sem haver conexão à internet na escola, ações espontâneas com algumas crianças se tornando provedores de conteúdos digitais são acolhidas e valorizadas, em um movimento que permite que exercitem seu protagonismo na busca de soluções e alternativas para os problemas encontrados. Com a recente contratação do serviço de banda larga é possível pensar que novos movimentos de letramento e, quiçá, de emancipação digital venham a acontecer no futuro. / This study maps the process of digital inclusion of a rural school, in a mixed-grade classroom system, located in the countryside in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and which has been included under the Programa Nacional de Educação no Campo (Pronacampo) in 2013. The research aims to answer the question “What movements towards digital literacy and digital emancipation can be observed, identified or verified in a rural community from the introduction of 1:1 laptops in a rural school?” The study aims to observe, follow, plot, and understand of those movements and then check whether there are any changes indicating actions of digital literacy in this school. Considering the purpose of following an ongoing process, Deleuze and Guattari’s cartography was chosen as an inspiration for the research method, since it allows producing and building research data as classroom observations, interviews with the students and the teachers, and journal records are carried out. In this journey, while she plots maps of her remarks and perceptions regarding the actors in the research, the researcher becomes herself one of the actors of the process too. Data production and analysis follow five tracks: (1) how attention functions in the researcher’s work; (2) plotting is following processes; (3) plotting is inhabiting the existential territory; (4) for a narrating policy and records in a journal; and (5) handling an interview as per cartography and the experience of what is said. By observing and registering movements that were observed allow to outline a few changes in that routine and in the school practices providing analysis material for the changes that point to situations of digital literacy and digital emancipation situations that go beyond the limits of the classroom and the school. The analysis is carried out considering concepts of autonomy, interaction and solidarity, cooperation and mutual respect, empowerment and emancipation, digital culture, digital literacy and digital emancipation. Although digital inclusion is one of the goals set by Pronacampo, the movements identified in the study and that effectively indicate some digital inclusion and literacy are actually provoked by the community’s commitment and engagement in trying to find solutions for problems related to connectivity and maintenance of the equipment. Among these movements, there is the initiative of having internet access at some of the students’ homes as an alternative for the limiting conditions to capturing internet signal due to school’s location. It is also possible to identify some movements towards digital literacy, which seem to be anchored on teachers’ provoking situations so that the children can explore resources and possibilities available in the use of the laptops. Even though there was no internet connection at school, some students spontaneously become the providers of digital content, and this is welcomed and valued by their teachers. This is interpreted as a movement towards allowing these children to exercise their protagonism in the search of solutions and alternatives for the problems they had to face. With the school recently having hired a private service of wide band connection, it might be possible to think those new movements toward digital literacy and – who knows – digital emancipation may take place in the future.

Este trabalho expõe a necessidade de inserção da produção rural no fenômeno chamado globalização, para tanto propõe a capacitação da população rural, ora residente e proveniente do programa de reforma agrária, através da educação escolar. A pesquisa aborda aspectos históricos e presentes do papel social da escola, dos recursos e Políticas educacionais, da história da educação, da construção escolar e da zona rural paulista. Demonstra a situação que se encontra atualmente a rede escolar rural do Estado de São Paulo e propõe alternativas para sua viabilização construtiva com qualidade adequada, de acordo com o estabelecido pela proposta pedagógica ora adotada. Ao final, realiza reflexões prospectivas e recomenda estudos a fim de viabilizar uma escola rural que se adeqüe à evolução da proposta pedagógica e às novas formas de relação de trabalho. / This work reveals the need to include rural production in the so called globallization phenomenon. In this view, it proposes that the capacitation of the rural population, wich lives in the rural area and is derived from the agrarian reform program, be undertaken by school education. This research approaches historical and present aspects of the social role of school, the funding and educational politics, the history of education, of school building and of the characteristics of the rural zone in the state of São Paulo. It describes and analyses the present situation of the rural school sistem of the state of São Paulo and proposes alternatives for a constructive realization with adequate quality, in accordance with the present established pedagogic proposals. At last, it raises a series of prospective reflexions and recommends studies to be understaken aimed at the construction of a rural school adequate to present state of evolution of the pedagogic proposals and to the new forms of labour relations.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:28:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Micheli Schimitz.pdf: 7235795 bytes, checksum: ba1de92e1c6c6731401564e77db16fd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-12-16 / Fundação Araucária / This study investigated the process of closing schools located in rural areas of the municipalities that make up the Regional Center of Education of DoisVizinhos in the Southwest region of Paraná. From the data presented in the opinion 1011/10, DUDE / SEED / PR, which indicated that between the years 1990-1999 there was the closure of 3,948 schools in the field in Parana, the need for an investigation felt to understand the factors who contributed in reaching that amount. To this end it was held data collection by the Regional Center of Dois Vizinhos Education, Education Departments of Municipalities and Schools, about the number of schools and students, differentiating them from urban and rural, starting from the year 1980 until 2014. It was taken as a case study the closure of schools in Canoas community in the city of Cruzeiro do Iguaçu, the State School Field Canoas - Elementary School and the Municipal Rural School Santa Terezinha - Kindergarten and Elementary School. To understand the closure of these schools held interviews with members of Canoas community, staff, students and officials who held public office in the school closure period, it sought to documents, protocols and photos that could illustrate the historical construction and the process closings of these schools. The historic building naturalized the idea of the countryside as a delay of place where not made / make school education is required. The laws legitimized a dual education, where the children of the elite have comprehensive training and the children of the working class were formed to work. The modernization of agriculture allied with agribusiness has meant that small producers were expropriated the match, and their land stay with great owners. Thus it happened the emptying of the countryside and consequently the schools it decreased the number of students and have been and are being closed, without taking into account the socio-cultural context that these schools represent the impacts on communities and families. There are currently laws that ensure that schools be closed only after consultation with the community, or that schools be organized in alternative ways that meet students with quality, but these laws are not always implemented and many schools located in field find themselves threatened with fear of closing, or end up being closed. / O presente estudo investigou o processo de fechamento de escolas localizadas na zona rural dos municípios que compõem o Núcleo Regional de Educação de Dois Vizinhos, na região Sudoeste do Paraná. A partir dos dados apresentados no parecer 1011/10, DUDE/SEED/PR, que indicou que entre os anos de 1990 a 1999 houve o fechamento de 3.948 escolas do campo no Paraná, sentiu-se a necessidade de uma investigação para compreender os fatores que contribuíram para que se chegasse a esse montante. Para tanto, foi realizado levantamento de dados junto ao Núcleo Regional de Educação de Dois Vizinhos, Secretarias de Educação dos Municípios e Escolas, sobre quantidade de escolas e alunos, diferenciando-os de urbanos e rurais, partindo do ano de 1980 até 2014. Foi tomado como estudo de caso o fechamento das escolas da comunidade Canoas, no município de Cruzeiro do Iguaçu: a Escola Estadual do Campo Canoas Ensino Fundamental e a Escola Rural Municipal Santa Terezinha Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental. Para compreender o fechamento dessas escolas realizou-se entrevistas com membros da comunidade Canoas, funcionários, alunos e autoridades que ocupavam cargos públicos no período do fechamento da escola, buscou-se documentos, atas e fotos, que pudessem ilustrar a construção histórica e o processo de fechamentos dessas escolas. A construção histórica naturalizou a ideia de zona rural como um local de atraso, onde não se fazia/faz necessária a instrução escolar. As legislações legitimaram um ensino dual, onde os filhos da elite teriam formação integral e os filhos da classe trabalhadora eram formados para o trabalho. A modernização da agricultura, aliada ao agronegócio, fez com que os pequenos produtores fossem expropriados do campo e suas terras ficassem com grandes proprietários. Desse modo aconteceu o esvaziamento do campo e, em consequência a isso, escolas diminuíram a quantidade de alunos e foram e estão sendo fechadas, sem se levar em conta o contexto sociocultural que estas escolas representam, os impactos nas comunidades e nas famílias. Atualmente há leis que garantem que escolas só sejam fechadas mediante consulta à comunidade, ou que as escolas sejam organizadas de modos alternativos, que atendam aos alunos com qualidade, porém essas leis nem sempre são implementadas e muitas escolas localizadas no campo se veem ameaçadas, com medo do fechamento, ou acabam sendo fechadas.

La escuela de la cosmovisión Ashaninka surge por una necesidad de la comunidad el Milagro para recuperar el conocimiento ancestral que se está perdiendo, como la textilería, la recolección y la curandería; donde la educación tradicional no recopila la importancia de estos saberes. Asimismo, el proyecto está diseñado para que la misma comunidad pueda construirlo y adaptarlo a sus necesidades. El proyecto surge de la cosmovisión ashaninka, donde todas las partes pertenecen a un todo y actúan juntas de una manera armoniosa creando sistemas espaciales, en donde las actividades ancestales convergen con las educativas; sistemas ambientales, en donde se aprovechan las lluvias, rayos solares, los vientos y compost; y sistemas constructivos, en la cual se desarrolla una estructura modular flexible y adaptable para los diversos usos de la escuela. De esta manera, mejorar las técnicas constructivas tradicionales y los materiales como la madera y fibras vegetales. Con ello propiciar una construir rápida y sencilla tomando en cuenta expresiones materiales y espaciales para estimular una cohesión educativa ancestral. / The school of the Ashaninka Cosmovision arises from a need of the community “El Milagro” to recover the ancestral knowledge that is being lost, such as textiles, gathering and healing; where traditional education does not gather the importance of this knowledge. Also, the project is designed so that the community can build it and adapt it to their needs. The project arises from the Ashaninka Cosmovision, where all the parts belong to a whole unit and act together in a harmonious way creating spatial systems, where the ancestral activities converge with the educational ones; environmental systems, where rain, solar rays, winds and compost are used; and construction systems, in which a flexible and adaptable modular structure is developed for the different uses of the school. In this way, improve traditional construction techniques and materials such as wood and natural fibers. Therefore, design promote a quick and simple construction taking into account material and spatial expressions to stimulate ancestral educational cohesion. / Tesis

本研究旨在瞭解天下雜誌教育基金會推動[希望閱讀計劃]的成效，發現偏鄉閱讀教育的現況與需求，同時規劃出[希望閱讀計劃]未來行動方案。天下雜誌教育基金會自2004年開始啟動[希望閱讀計劃]，在200所偏遠小學推動閱讀。本研究分析比較過去六年，基金會針對聯盟小學進行的五次問卷調查，一次與校長及老師[世界咖啡館]的深度會談，並將會談中得到的結論，再透過問卷，建立200所聯盟小學共識，據以定出希望閱讀計劃之未來行動方案。 研究結果顯示，[希望閱讀計劃]已對200所偏遠學校產生相當重大的影響。學校對於基金會的期待，也從資源提供者，轉變為政策推動者。未來在偏鄉推動閱讀，首先應建立學校行政領導團隊和老師對推動閱讀的共識，提升老師的自信心與企圖心，並且敦促政府要有長遠的閱讀教育規劃，才有可能建構真正有系統的閱讀教育。 [希望閱讀計劃]未來行動方案，不僅只是送書到偏鄉學校，亦企圖提供一個完整的偏鄉學校推動閱讀的支援系統。此支援系統涵蓋從閱讀教育資源、人力資源進入教學現場，閱讀推手教育訓練並展現閱讀成果，到推動閱讀在地深耕。因為家庭失能與經濟弱勢，是偏鄉學校家庭教育最大的痛，政府政策和外界資源，尤應正視並繼續給予支援，激勵社區參與學校教育工作。 偏鄉教育，除了民間團體投入外，更重要的是政府相關單位，提出長遠的教育規劃，從政策面推動，才能真正幫助偏遠地區的老師孩子，有機會飛出低谷，海闊天空的飛翔。 / This study aims to understand the effectiveness of the [Hope Reading Program,] a charitable effort promoted by the Common Wealth Magazine Education Foundation. It aims to find the current situation and needs of literacy programs in remote cities and towns, and to outline a future action plan for the [Hope Reading Program]. The Common Wealth Magazine Education Foundation started the [Hope Reading Program] in 2004, and promoted reading in 200 remote primary schools. This study includes (1) the analysis and comparison of the past six years’ surveys; (2) results from five different surveys of primary schools allied with the Common Wealth Magazine Education Foundation, and (3) the result of the [World Café] event in which we invited principals and teachers to share their experience with us in detail, after which we established the primary consensus of the alliance of 200 primary schools through the use of questionnaires, in order to come up with the future action plan of the [Hope Reading Program]. The result shows that the [Hope Reading Program] has made a significant impact on the 200 rural primary schools. What’s more, the schools’ expectations of the Common Wealth Magazine Education Foundation were changed from resource provider to policy executor. In the future, we should first establish the consensus on literary programs with the rural primary schools’ executive leadership teams and teachers, enhance the teachers’ confidence and ambition, and urge the government to have long-term plans for literacy programs, so that it would be possible to approach reading education in a systematic fashion. The future action plan of the [Hope Reading Program] is to not only send books to rural primary schools, but also to provide a complete support system that promotes reading. This support system should include educational resources, human resources, the training and sharing of best practices for promoters, and the formation of the local reading culture. Due to dysfunctional households and economic disadvantages, the lack of home education is a major source of complications for rural schools. Policymakers and external providers should take this into consideration when giving support and encouraging community involvement in school-based educational efforts. Education in rural schools relies not only on the efforts of civic groups, but more importantly, on the government’s long-term education plans, which will provide the boost necessary to help the children and teachers in rural areas to find good opportunities and fly high to a brighter future.

Différents organismes internationaux se sont penchés sur l’école rurale des pays en émergence. La plupart de ces travaux de recherche montrent que ces écoles n’offrent pas une éducation adaptée au milieu dans lesquelles elles sont situées, du fait essentiellement qu’on y a implanté la structure administrative et pédagogique des écoles urbaines sans tenir compte des caractéristiques de la population infantile des zones rurales. Afin de tenter de remédier aux difficultés identifiées, ces organismes ont proposé diverses solutions ou préconisé des politiques adaptées à ce contexte particulier. Le but de cette recherche est d’étudier comment ces recommandations convergent-elles avec les politiques éducatives et dans le quotidien des écoles en milieu rural de deux pays de l’Amérique centrale, le Costa Rica et le Nicaragua. À cette fin, comme cadre d'analyse, nous avons établi six catégories : condition socio-économique, plan d'études et pédagogie, relation école et communauté, enseignants, technologie et finalement, gestion et gouvernance. Pour ce faire, nous analysons les recommandations globales formulées par diverses organisations internationales et d’autres organismes des pays développés à propos de l'éducation rurale. Nous comparons ensuite ces informations avec les décisions politiques prises ces dernières vingt années, dans les deux pays sélectionnés afin de favoriser le développement éducatif des zones rurales. Pour finir, nous observons sur le terrain le quotidien de quelques écoles rurales des deux pays retenus. En partant de l’hypothèse qu’il existe suffisamment d’information et de recommandations permettant l’élaboration des politiques éducatives appropriées pour améliorer les conditions des écoles rurales, le travail présente une analyse multiniveaux (recommandations globales, politiques nationales et pratiques scolaires) en établissant la convergence ou la divergence dans chacune des catégories. Les principaux résultats de la recherche démontrent qu'il existe une convergence entre les pratiques scolaires et les politiques éducatives émises par les pays étudiés, avec quelques exceptions. Quant à la convergence entre les recommandations globales et les politiques émises par ces pays, on ne peut pas parler de convergence de façon générale. La recherche propose l'élaboration de profil de politiques nationales pour chaque pays, en fonction de la manière par laquelle ils abordent la problématique de l'éducation rurale : soit par l’assignation des ressources pour étendre les services éducatifs normalisés pour tous les enfants, ou en produisant des politiques focalisées, créant des programmes spécifiques, faisant remarquer la différence du monde rural. / Various international organizations have studied rural schools in developing countries and the majority of the research shows that these schools do not offer an education adapted to the community in which they are located. This is primarily due to the fact that the schools are integrating administrative and teaching structures of urban schools without taking into consideration the characteristics of child populations in rural zones. In response to the identified difficulties, these organizations proposed various solutions or recommended policies adapted to this particular context. The goal of this research is to study how these recommendations translate into educational policies and their impact on daily life of rural schools in two Central American countries, Costa Rica and Nicaragua. For this purpose, we’ve created an analysis framework with six categories: socio-economic status, curriculum and pedagogy, school and community relationships, teachers, technology, and lastly, management and governance. With this intention, we’ve analyzed the recommendations made by various international organizations and other organizations from developed countries related to rural education. We’ve compared this information to the political decisions on educational development in rural communities made in the last twenty in these two countries. Lastly, we’ve completed the research with field observations, studying the day-to-day work in rural schools. Working from the hypothesis that there exists sufficient valid information and recommendations to issue appropriate policies that improve conditions in rural schools, this work presents a multi-level analysis (global recommendations, national policies and school practices) by determining convergences and divergences in each of these levels. The main results of the research show that there is a convergence between school practices and education policies created by the countries, with some minor exceptions. When it comes to convergence between global recommendations and the countries’ policies, we cannot speak of convergence in general. This research proposes the use of national policy profiles for each country, depending on how they deal with the challenges of rural education: assigning resources to extend standard educational services to all children, or generating targeted policies, creating specific programs that highlight the difference of the rural world.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 1648.pdf: 1062303 bytes, checksum: 3e5cfcf889d52ec58d50576ff83acba1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-12-07 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The investigation of different processes that involve the teaching formation has been object of studies in Brazil and abroad and point a to the necessity of that the teachers know and do its daily one. Its still considered important, that the studies fill existing gaps in different sectors of the magistery and contemplate the rural schools and far way from great centers as the rural schools and its teachers. This research argues the learning of teaching and formation of four teachers who had entered as lay people multisseries classrooms in the rural school and had as its professional development in multisseries classrooms. This work characterizes as being an description-analytical study of qualitative nature. It requires as main axles of the analysis the not explicit strategies of formation and the investigation teachers. It was used as support theoretical the studies of Lortie (1975), Huberman (2000), Zeichner and Liston (1993 and 1996), Shulman (2004), Bransford et al (2000), Mizukami et al (2003), Darlind-Hammond and Baratz-Snowden (2005), Hammerness, Darling- Hammond and Bransford, (2005), among others. The analyses of the teachers speaking had evidenced that the learnings of the teaching had given by means of the comment and of the creative imitation of the practical ones of its old teachers. They had pointed that the more the trought content approaches to the lived deeply context, more they have the facility of dealing with them. On the other hand, the more the content to be given moved away context lived deeply by the teachers, more difficulties they have in dealing with them. One still perceived that the new contents need some time to be assimilated and the teachers count on aid of the coleagues of the other schools to surpass such difficulties. One still perceived, that teachers who act in the rural schools in the city of Santarém, had on the basis of established the teaching. A in multisseries classrooms aspects little based theoretically. They seem to have slight knowledge of the general pedagogical knowledge and on it establish your teach. They dominate of precarious form beddings of specific knowledge the each teach and repeat what they had learned with its teachers (know, but do not know as they know). With the two weak axles, the base of knowledge for education is weak mechanics and stereotypicals (Shulman, 1986,1987). It was still proven that the limitation imposed for the absence of formal preparation for the exercise of magistery had shown imperative and the teachers had recognized this as one hindrance in its process of professional development / A investigação dos diferentes processos que envolvem a formação docente tem sido objeto de estudos nas últimas décadas no Brasil e no exterior e apontam para a necessidade de que os mesmos sejam ampliados considerando o que os professores sabem e fazem no seu cotidiano. Considera-se importante ainda, que os estudos preencham lacunas existentes em diferentes setores do magistério e contemplem as escolas afastadas dos grandes centros, como as escolas do campo e seus professores. Esta pesquisa discute a aprendizagem da docência e a formação de quatro professoras que ingressaram como leigas em classes multisseriadas na escola do campo e teve como objetivo central conhecer e analisar de que maneira essas professoras, construíram as suas aprendizagens profissionais enfatizando como começaram a ensinar sem terem aprendido a ensinar e como foi o seu desenvolvimento profissional em classes multisseriadas na escola do campo. Este trabalho se caracteriza como sendo um estudo descritivo-analítico, de natureza qualitativa. Tomam-se como eixos principais da análise as estratégias nãoexplicitas de formação e as estratégias explícitas de formação das professoras investigadas. Utilizou-se como aporte teórico os estudos de Lortie (1975), Huberman (2000), Zeichner e Liston (1993 e 1996), Shulman (2004), Bransford et al (2000), Mizukami et al. (2003), Darling-Hammond e Baratz-Snowden (2005), Hammerness, Darling-Hammond e Bransford, (2005), entre outros. As análises das falas das professoras evidenciaram que as aprendizagens se deram por meio da docência instituída, da observação e da imitação criativa das práticas das suas antigas professoras. Apontaram que quanto mais o conteúdo a ser ensinado se aproxima do contexto vivenciado, mais elas têm facilidade em lidar com eles. Por outro lado, quanto mais o conteúdo a ser ministrado se afasta do contexto vivenciado pelas professoras, mais dificuldade elas têm em administrá-los. Percebeu-se ainda, que os conteúdos novos precisam de algum tempo para ser assimilados e as professoras contam com a ajuda das colegas de outras escolas para superar tais dificuldades. Notou-se ainda que as professoras que atuam nas escolas do campo no município de Santarém, estabeleceram a docência em salas de aula multisseriadas com base em aspectos pouco fundamentados teoricamente. Parecem ter noções do conhecimento pedagógico geral e sobre ele assentam seu ensino. Dominam de forma precária os fundamentos dos conhecimentos específicos que ensinam e repetem o que aprenderam com seus professores (sabem, mas não sabem como sabem). Com os dois eixos fracos, a base de conhecimento para o ensino é fraca, mecânica e estereotipada (Shulman, 1986, 1987). Evidenciou-se ainda que as limitações impostas pela ausência de preparação formal para o exercício do magistério se mostraram imperativas e as professoras reconheceram isso como um empecilho nos seus processos de desenvolvimento profissional

Este estudo apresenta uma cartografia do processo de inclusão digital em uma escola do campo, de classe multisseriada, situada no interior do Rio Grande do Sul, contemplada pelo Programa Nacional de Educação no Campo em 2013. Busca-se responder à pergunta “Que movimentos em direção ao letramento e emancipação digital podem ser observados, identificados ou verificados em uma comunidade rural a partir da inserção de dispositivos móveis na modalidade de um laptop por aluno em uma escola do campo?”. O estudo visa a observar, acompanhar, cartografar e compreender os movimentos da comunidade escolar e verificar se há mudanças provocadas pela inserção dos laptops indicando ações de letramento digital. Tendo em vista que a proposta do estudo é de acompanhar um processo em andamento, optou-se pela cartografia como inspiração para o método de investigação, pois permite produzir e construir os dados da pesquisa enquanto se realizam as observações das práticas em sala de aula, as entrevistas com os estudantes e professores, e os registros no diário de bordo da pesquisadora. Nessa caminhada, enquanto registra suas observações, cartografando suas percepções com relação aos sujeitos-atores da pesquisa, a pesquisadora se transforma também em um dos atores do processo. A produção dos dados é guiada por cinco pistas, quais sejam: (1) funcionamento da atenção no trabalho do cartógrafo; (2) cartografar é acompanhar processos; (3) cartografar é habitar um território existencial; (4) por uma política da narratividade e os registros em um diário de bordo; e (5) a entrevista de manejo cartográfico e a experiência do dizer. A observação e registro dos movimentos observados permite delinear algumas mudanças na rotina e nas práticas escolares fornecendo subsídios para a análise de mudanças que apontam para situações de letramento e emancipação digital que ultrapassam os limites da sala de aula e da escola. Essa análise perpassa pelos conceitos de autonomia, interação e solidariedade, cooperação e respeito mútuo, emancipação e empoderamento, cultura digital, letramento digital e emancipação digital. Embora a inclusão digital seja um dos objetivos do Pronacampo, os movimentos identificados no estudo e que efetivamente indicam inclusão e letramento digitais são, de fato, provocados pelo comprometimento e envolvimento da comunidade escolar em explorar algumas práticas com os laptops e em buscar soluções para problemas de conectividade e manutenção dos equipamentos. Entre esses movimentos, encontra-se a busca pelo acesso à internet nas residências de alguns estudantes como alternativa à dificuldade de captação de sinal por causa da localização da escola. Também é possível identificar movimentos em direção ao letramento digital cultivado pela postura das professoras em provocar situações para que as crianças explorem recursos e possibilidades de uso dos laptops. Mesmo sem haver conexão à internet na escola, ações espontâneas com algumas crianças se tornando provedores de conteúdos digitais são acolhidas e valorizadas, em um movimento que permite que exercitem seu protagonismo na busca de soluções e alternativas para os problemas encontrados. Com a recente contratação do serviço de banda larga é possível pensar que novos movimentos de letramento e, quiçá, de emancipação digital venham a acontecer no futuro. / This study maps the process of digital inclusion of a rural school, in a mixed-grade classroom system, located in the countryside in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, and which has been included under the Programa Nacional de Educação no Campo (Pronacampo) in 2013. The research aims to answer the question “What movements towards digital literacy and digital emancipation can be observed, identified or verified in a rural community from the introduction of 1:1 laptops in a rural school?” The study aims to observe, follow, plot, and understand of those movements and then check whether there are any changes indicating actions of digital literacy in this school. Considering the purpose of following an ongoing process, Deleuze and Guattari’s cartography was chosen as an inspiration for the research method, since it allows producing and building research data as classroom observations, interviews with the students and the teachers, and journal records are carried out. In this journey, while she plots maps of her remarks and perceptions regarding the actors in the research, the researcher becomes herself one of the actors of the process too. Data production and analysis follow five tracks: (1) how attention functions in the researcher’s work; (2) plotting is following processes; (3) plotting is inhabiting the existential territory; (4) for a narrating policy and records in a journal; and (5) handling an interview as per cartography and the experience of what is said. By observing and registering movements that were observed allow to outline a few changes in that routine and in the school practices providing analysis material for the changes that point to situations of digital literacy and digital emancipation situations that go beyond the limits of the classroom and the school. The analysis is carried out considering concepts of autonomy, interaction and solidarity, cooperation and mutual respect, empowerment and emancipation, digital culture, digital literacy and digital emancipation. Although digital inclusion is one of the goals set by Pronacampo, the movements identified in the study and that effectively indicate some digital inclusion and literacy are actually provoked by the community’s commitment and engagement in trying to find solutions for problems related to connectivity and maintenance of the equipment. Among these movements, there is the initiative of having internet access at some of the students’ homes as an alternative for the limiting conditions to capturing internet signal due to school’s location. It is also possible to identify some movements towards digital literacy, which seem to be anchored on teachers’ provoking situations so that the children can explore resources and possibilities available in the use of the laptops. Even though there was no internet connection at school, some students spontaneously become the providers of digital content, and this is welcomed and valued by their teachers. This is interpreted as a movement towards allowing these children to exercise their protagonism in the search of solutions and alternatives for the problems they had to face. With the school recently having hired a private service of wide band connection, it might be possible to think those new movements toward digital literacy and – who knows – digital emancipation may take place in the future.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This investigation looks for an approach of the literacy conceptions of two literacy teachers that act at rural schools in Palmeira das Missões - RS, through the teachers' autobiographical reports, Lene da Silva Santos and Rosemeri Soares, which take into account the formative processes of both starting from written narratives that are used of the memory and of the relived memories, rebuilt and contemplated by the process of turning student and teacher. The methodology used is based in an approach designated as qualitative investigation, according to Bogdan; Biklen (1994), Antunes (2001; 2010) and Deslandes (1994), because the researcher's interaction with the subject of the research is constituted in a significant element in that investigation type. The collection instruments of information are autobiographical reports, which Nóvoa (1992) believes that promote a formation process and provide the understanding of as it is configured certain conceptions, through the considered teachers' professional histories the collaborators of the investigation, being constituted, like this, in a form of to respect and to hear the collaborators' voice, that most of the time, is silenced and unknown. Besides, the interview is used, because for Bogdan; Biklen (1994), this is a technique that, when properly applied, presents high reliability and it has great importance for making possible to measure attitudes, opinions, behaviors and circumstances of the subject's life. For that, the collaborators' school memories are rescued through the reconstruction of the lived formative courses and relived by both. Political and conceptual subjects relative are brought to the teachers' formation in national extent and in the context of the rural school from Palmeira das Missões - RS. They are identified some literacy concepts constituted starting from a historical rescue and some fundamental considerations are introduced in the teaching of the language written in the perspective of the literacy in what refers to the rural school. It is verified that the reflection on the own history of educational life, as space of construction of knowledge for the road of the research, in the perspective of Nóvoa (1995), is to provoke the concern with an effective performance through the development of a theoretical and intentionally committed pedagogic work of larger consistence with a pedagogic project of professionals' more critical, reflexive and inventive formation, mediators of the transformations that the society always demands us. / Esta investigação busca uma aproximação das concepções de alfabetização e letramento de duas alfabetizadoras que atuam em escolas do campo no município de Palmeira das Missões - RS, através de relatos autobiográficos das professoras, Lene da Silva Santos e Rosemeri Soares, os quais levam em consideração os processos formativos de ambas a partir de narrativas escritas que se utilizam da memória e das lembranças revividas, reconstruídas e refletidas pelo processo de tornar-se aluno e professor. A metodologia utilizada está embasada numa abordagem designada como investigação qualitativa, segundo Bogdan; Biklen (1994), Antunes (2001; 2010) e Deslandes (1994), porque a interação do pesquisador com os sujeitos da pesquisa constitui-se num elemento significativo nesse tipo de investigação. Os instrumentos de coleta de informações são relatos autobiográficos, os quais Nóvoa (1992) acredita que promovam um processo de formação e proporcionem a compreensão de como se configura determinadas concepções, através das histórias profissionais das docentes consideradas as colaboradoras da investigação, constituindo-se, assim, em uma forma de respeitar e ouvir a voz das mesmas, que na maioria das vezes, encontra-se silenciada e ignorada. Além disso, é utilizada a entrevista, pois para Bogdan; Biklen (1994), esta é uma técnica que, quando aplicada criteriosamente, apresenta elevada confiabilidade e tem grande importância por possibilitar medir atitudes, opiniões, comportamentos e circunstâncias da vida do sujeito. Para isso, é oportunizada uma aproximação com as lembranças escolares das colaboradoras através da reconstrução dos percursos formativos vividos e revividos por ambas. São trazidas questões políticas e conceituais relativas à formação de professores em âmbito nacional e no contexto da escola do campo de Palmeira das Missões - RS. São identificados alguns conceitos de alfabetização e letramento e são introduzidas algumas considerações fundamentais no ensino da língua escrita na perspectiva da alfabetização e do letramento no que se refere à escola do campo. Constata-se que a reflexão sobre a própria história de vida educativa, como espaço de construção de conhecimentos pela via da pesquisa, na perspectiva de Nóvoa (1995), serve para provocar a preocupação com uma atuação através do desenvolvimento de um trabalho pedagógico de maior consistência teórica e intencionalmente comprometido com um projeto pedagógico de formação de profissionais mais críticos, reflexivos e inventivos, mediadores das transformações que a sociedade sempre nos exige.