Cette thèse a mené une étude comparative entre les tontines pratiquées sur le marché noir-africain de Château-Rouge et celles pratiquées dans les marchés de Brazzaville. Au Congo, les tontines se développent par défaut d'autres institutions monétaires et de protection sociale accessibles aux populations. Les tontines sont donc un instrument de sécurisation financière évitant aux petits commerçants de dépenser l’intégralité de leurs bénéfices au quotidien. Elles permettent à leurs membres de se protéger de la propension à gaspiller de l’argent, de le mettre à l’abri des voleurs et de la pression des proches. Si les tontines constituent une alternative au système bancaire formel pour les populations à faibles revenus monétaires, elles drainent également une épargne qui alimente des comptes-épargne et qui sert de fonds de roulement aux micro-finances. Dans le contexte migratoire parisien, les femmes congolaises ressentent le besoin de transposer ce dispositif : les tontines deviennent un outil d’intégration sur le marché et un vecteur de socialisation. Par ailleurs, les femmes en situation irrégulière étant exclues du système bancaire et assurantiel français, elles ont recours aux tontines comme instrument d’épargne et de protection sociale. A travers le financement de projets dans le pays d’origine, les tontines établissent un pont entre populations immigrées et leurs proches restés au pays. Dans le cas particulier des femmes prostituées, les tontines apparaissent comme un outil de blanchiment symbolique de l’« argent sale » de la prostitution. / This PhD thesis is a comparative study between tontines practiced on the African migrant market in the Parisian district of Château-Rouge and those practiced in the market of Brazzaville, Congo. In the Congo, tontines spring up in the absence of other accessible monetary and social protection institutions. Therefore tontines are an instrument of financial security enabling small businesses to avoid spending all their earnings on a daily basis. They allow for members to protect themselves from their inclination to overspend or waste money and to shelter money from theft or pressure from peers. Tontines constitute an alternative to the formal banking system for populations with low monetary income, but they also channel savings which fuel savings accounts and serve as working capital to micro-finances institutions. In the Parisian migratory context, Congolese women feel the need to replicate this device: tontines thus become a market integration instrument and a vehicle for socialization. Moreover illegal female immigrants excluded from the French banking and insurance system resort to tontines as a means of social protection and savings. Through financing projects in their country of origin, tontines establish a bridge between immigrant populations and their relatives back home. In the specific case of female prostitutes, tontines appear to be an instrument of symbolic dirty-money laundering.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T17:55:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cintia Fiorotti Lima.pdf: 921111 bytes, checksum: 742c444dfc33772bb2e04b5a26d2c65c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-27 / This scientific work argues the process of changes in the world of the work in the present time from the experiences lived deeply for the saleswomen of products of Avon and the Natura. The research of training sources such as manual, catalogues, news and codes of behavior produced by these companies, made possible to identify the form with that the involved force of work in the sales for catalogues is organized. The analysis of this material also allowed to understand the used mechanisms to convince these salesmen to fulfill the goals of sales. However, dialoguing with the stories of these workers, one became evident the tensions and conflicts between the practical ones intended by the companies and the practical ones effectively materialize by the saleswomen. In this context, the disputes around the meaning of this work had questioned the vision defended for the companies who define such independent occupation as, attributing denominations to it as peddlers or consultants with the purpose to deprive of characteristics any type of work relation and employment bond. Therefore, I looked for in such a way to analyze the changes in the world of the workers from these conflicts and tensions, valuing the subjectivity of the workers who live deeply this process, as the changes lived throughout the process of capitalist accumulation / Esta dissertação discute o processo de mudanças no mundo do trabalho na atualidade a partir das experiências vivenciadas pelas vendedoras de produtos da Avon e da Natura. A pesquisa de fontes tais como manuais de treinamento, catálogos, informativos e códigos de conduta produzidos por essas empresas, possibilitou identificar a forma com que a força de trabalho envolvida na venda por catálogos é organizada. A análise desse material permitiu também compreender os mecanismos utilizados para convencer essas vendedoras a cumprirem as metas de vendas. No entanto, dialogando com os relatos dessas trabalhadoras, tornou-se evidente as tensões e conflitos entre as práticas pretendidas pelas empresas e as práticas efetivamente concretizadas pelas vendedoras. Nesse contexto, as disputas em torno do significado desse trabalho questionaram a visão defendida pelas empresas que definem tal ocupação como autônoma , atribuindo-lhe denominações como revendedoras ou consultoras com a finalidade de descaracterizar qualquer tipo de relação de trabalho e vínculo empregatício. Portanto, procurei analisar as mudanças no mundo dos trabalhadores a partir desses conflitos e tensões, valorizando tanto a subjetividade dos trabalhadores que vivenciam este processo, como as mudanças vividas ao longo do processo de acumulação capitalista