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141	United States-Mexico Water Agreements and Related Water Use in Mexicali Valley: A Summary DeCook, K. J. 20 April 1974 (has links) From the Proceedings of the 1974 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 19-20, 1974, Flagstaff, Arizona / A summary is given of interrelated, technical and institutional events concerning the Colorado River which took place between the United States and Mexico from 1849 to 1974 with emphasis on the 1961-1974 period. Until the treaty of 1944, Mexico had had no guarantee of a specific annual quantity of water, but in the years after 1945, when a guarantee of 1.5 million acre-feet per year was established, more than that amount was available for use. Salinity problems arose, and in 1965 an agreement for a 5-year plan for alleviating the technical and political difficulties surrounding the salinity question was made. In 1973 it was agreed that the United States would build, within approximately 5 years, a facility for desalting the saline drainage water entering Mexico. Fulfillment of the technical provisions for this agreement requires, in any event, the timely provision of federal funds to construct and operate the physical works. The several states should receive assurance that their rights and those of their respective water users will not be impaired within the legal operation of the agreement. Hydrology -- Arizona. Water resources development -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Southwestern states. Colorado river Desalination Mexico Salinity Planning Mexican water treaty Colorado river compact Alternative planning Water utilization Water management (applied) Saline water Water quality Water pollution sources Drainage water Irrigation water Mexicali Valley (Mex) Water agreements
142	Salinity Control Planning in the Colorado River System (invited) Maletic, John T. 20 April 1974 (has links) From the Proceedings of the 1974 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 19-20, 1974, Flagstaff, Arizona / In the lower reaches of the Colorado River, damages from the increase in salinity to U.S. water users are now estimated to be about 53 million dollars per year and will increase to about 124 million dollars per year by the year 2000 if no salinity control measures are taken. Physical, legal, economic, and institutional aspects of the salinity problem and proposed actions to mesh salinity control with a total water management plan for the basin are discussed. A scheme is presented for planning under the Colorado River water quality improvement program. Recent legislative action is also discussed which provides control plans to improve the water quality delivered to Mexico as well as upper basin water users. These efforts now under study will assure the continued, full utility of Colorado River water to U.S. users and Mexico. However, more extensive development of the basin's natural resources puts new emphasis on total resources management through improved water and land use planning to conserve a most precious western resource - water. Hydrology -- Arizona. Water resources development -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Southwestern states. Colorado River Desalination Planning Mexico Water management (applied) Salinity Alternative planning Water utilization Project planning Saline water Desalination plants Water quality Water reuse Irrigation water Drainage water Costs Water sources Water policy Irrigation programs Salinity control
143	Fresh Water for Arizona by Salt Replacement Desalination Muller, Anthony B. 20 April 1974 (has links) From the Proceedings of the 1974 Meetings of the Arizona Section - American Water Resources Assn. and the Hydrology Section - Arizona Academy of Science - April 19-20, 1974, Flagstaff, Arizona / The process of salt replacement desalination proposed is believed to be able to produce vast quantities of fresh water be desalination. This method, which is a novel approach to minimizing the costs of saline water conversion, consists of the substitution of solutes in a solution to be desalted by a replacer chemical, and the low energy removal of that replacer chemical. The ultrafiltration of larger molecular sized replacer chemicals with high flux membranes increases the produce yield rate and reduces the corresponding energy requirement, with respect to reverse osmosis. In addition, the initial captial investment is less since no pressure constraining devices are required. The alteration of the osmotic pressure of the replacer solution within the process can also take advantage of energy savings through the utilization of an easily reversible reaction which synthesizes and breaks down a constituent that has a significant osmotic pressure difference between phases. Finally, the unusual process of fixed gel syneresis shows potential as a low energy salt replacement type process, but still requires extensive investigation. Hydrology -- Arizona. Water resources development -- Arizona. Hydrology -- Southwestern states. Desalination Water chemistry Desalination processes Membrane processes Reverse osmosis Arizona Water treatment Water purification Desalination plants Costs Saline water Water supply Cost comparisons Solvent extractions Water yield Salt replacement desalination Replacer chemical Ultrafiltration High flux membranes Energy requirements Fixed gel syneresis

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