This thesis traces the origin, development, and decline, from 1852 to 1904, of Salt Lake County's judicial precincts. A precinct functioned as the basic subdivision of county government. Its boundaries were generally coterminous with those of local communities. It was established to allow for a degree of local control by the people.Chapter two reveals that precinct justices experienced over time a marked decline in socio-political prominence. This is largely due to legislative statutes that decreased their jurisdictional powers. Chapter three examines the evolution of precinct boundaries. It is demonstrated that geographic distribution of individuals played a major role in the growth and eventual consolidation of community precincts. The relative availability of government services also fostered the development of county districts. Chapter four studies the role of the minor precinct officials in local government--constables, estray poundkeepers, and fenceviewers. The last chapter devotes attention to the factors that influenced the institution. The appendix lists the county's justices of the peace from 1852 to 1904.

The purpose of this thesis was to bring to light as much of the music as possible, all the performers that could be recorded, and sufficient audience reaction to indicate the musical preferences of the area in order to provide an accurate, detailed account of the early years in the Salt Lake Theatre, 1862 - 1870. There was also the desire to present these things in such a way that they would be reliable, factual, complete, and still, if possible, interesting. An attempt was made to capture the spirit of the times, to make the characters "live," to transport the reader back to those early pioneering times in the theatre.

Many plants are highly sensitive to salt in the soil, and their growth and yield can be greatly hindered by as little as less than 1% salt concentration in the soil. Additionally, soil salinity is a growing issue globally and affects significant areas in Utah. Halophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in saline soils and have been widely studied for their physiological and molecular characteristics, but little is known about their associated microbiomes. Bacteria were isolated from the rhizosphere and as root endophytes of Salicornia rubra, Sarcocornia utahensis, and Allenrolfea occidentalis, three native Utah halophytes. Several strains of halophilic bacteria have been isolated and screened for the ability to stimulate plant growth in saline conditions despite the high salt concentrations. Halomonas, Bacillus, and Kushneria species were consistently isolated both from the soil and as endophytes from roots of all three plant species at all collection times. Of the isolates tested for the ability to stimulate growth of alfalfa under saline conditions, Halomonas and Kushneria strains stimulated plant growth in the presence of 1% NaCl. The same bacteria used in the inoculation were recovered from surface sterilized alfalfa roots, indicating the ability of the inoculum to become established as an endophyte. This raises the question of whether these plant associated halophilic isolates contain genes that aid in plant growth promotion. We are interested in genomic sequencing of our Halomonas and Kushneria strains and performing genomic analysis to determine if there is a difference in genes between plant associated and non-plant associated halophilic isolates. We explored the hypothesis that certain bacterial properties have been selected for to aid plant growth. This was accomplished by performing whole genome sequencing of 26 Kushneria and Halomonas strains, both plant and non-plant associated. These strains came from freezer stocks of previously collected isolates as well as field trips to collect more samples. Halophilic bacteria were isolated from bulk soil, rhizosphere, and halophyte tissues (root and shoot tissues). The non-plant associated (bulk soil) halophilic Kushneria and Halomonas strains aided in determining if there are specific bacterial genes that are expressed in plant associated strains. Whole genome sequencing of the isolates was performed on the Oxford Nanopore platform. The sequence data was then assembled and annotated. The genomes were then included in a genome wide association study was performed. The results from the GWAS show that there is not a significant difference between plant and non-plant associated isolates, disproving our hypothesis. The results also show that few known genes for phytohormone synthesis were present in the pangenome, highlighting the need for further research to determine how these halophilic isolates aid in plant growth promotion in saline soils.

<p> An improved method for the synthesis of oligoribonucleotides of defined sequence was developed. The general phosphotriester synthesis of Neilson and co-workers was modified by the introduction of a new condensing agent, mesitylenesulfonyl-1,2,4-triazole, and by the replacement of the bis(cyclohexylammonium) salt of mono-2,2,2-trichloroethyl phosphate with its acid salt. These modifications provided significant increases in the yields for the condensation of protected nucleosides - especially in the case of purine residues. Finally, modification of the three-step procedure for the deprotection of protected oligoribonucleotides resulted in the isolation of oligomers of exceptional purity and biological activity.</p> <p> Oligomers corresponding to natural sequences in transfer RNA molecules were obtained by this improved method of synthesis. These oligomers were then used to study: 1. The formation of short double-stranded RNA helices and 2. The interactions of aminoacyl-tRNA ligases with tRNA fragments.</p> / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

<p> A detailed experimental and theoretical study has been performed on several different photochemical systems. Lead-salt tunable diode lasers operating in the infrared region have been used as diagnostic tools to probe the molecules in these gaseous systems. Knowledge of these systems is expected to be useful in evaluating future schemes of laser isotope separation.</p> <p> In the course of this work a computerized digital technique has been developed that allows molecular parameters such as linestrength and linewidth to be obtained by measuring the infrared absorption on vibrational-rotational transitions of the molecule. Molecular concentrations can then be determined enabling one to gain valuable insight into the chemical processes occurring in the system.</p> <p> The digital technique was first tested on CO2 gas in a multi-pass White cell to verify the validity of the measurements. Subsequently, measurements were performed on mixtures of NH3/N2, NH3/Ar, HTO/H2O, and HTO/air. Those NH3 measurements that could be compared to previous measurements were found to be very accurate. For the HTO system, no previous measurements on linestrength and linewidth for the transitions examined have been performed.</p> <p> Described next is the application of the tunable diode laser diagnostic system to the investigation of infrared multiphoton dissociation of deuterated chloroform immersed in a chloroform bath. The sensitivity of the technique allowed for the measurement of the few parts per million of DCl formed by the photolysis of natural abundance CDCl3 in CHCl3.</p><p> In addition, the feasibility of transient detection with tunable diode lasers was examined. High fluence CO2 laser pulses were used to dissociate C3F6 or C2F3Cl and create CF2 radicals. Current-modulation of the tunable diode laser made it possible to monitor the transient CF2 radicals as they were formed, and as they subsequently decayed. The sensitivity of the transient detection technique was found to be limited by detector noise.</p> / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc)

Nuclear fusion is considered a clean energy source: it emits no CO2 and leaves little radioactive waste. It is important to start paving the path toward nuclear fusion whilst simultaneously moving away from fossil fuels and carbon emissions. One of the challenges of nuclear fusion is the lack of tritium, which, together with deuterium makes up its fuel. This research is focused on utilizing one current method of nuclear fission technology, namely molten salt reactors, to generate at least the initial loads of tritium for the first fusion reactors. Current research is primarily focused on providing tritium during the nuclear fusion reaction. However, it is also necessary to have a tritium supply whenever we start up a nuclear fusion reactor. The largest source of tritium is the CANDU nuclear fission reactor. A typical 500 MW CANDU produces 130 g of tritium annually as a biproduct of power generation. However, a future commercial fusion power plant is expected to consume 300 g of tritium per day to produce 800 MW. Thus, this research explores the possibility of breeding tritium in other fission reactors, in particular molten salt reactors (MSR). MCNP4C was used to simulate a simple Molten Salt Reactor setting with 61 molten salt fuel channels and applying a molten salt blanket to study how the presence of specific elements in the blanket affects tritium production, as well as criticality. The study relies on nuclear data from the National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC), and Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) as benchmark to verify the accuracy of the results. The calculated output of tritium is 325 g/year for a 100 MW (th) reactor, which is considered a positive outcome that opens the door for more research in this direction. / Thesis / Master of Applied Science (MASc)

The next generation of nuclear power sources, Gen. IV, will include an emphasis on small, modular reactor (SMR) designs, which will allow for standardized, factory-based manufacturing and flexibility in the design of power plants by utilizing one or several modular reactor units in parallel. One of the reactor concepts being investigated is the Molten Salt Reactor concept (MSR), which utilizes a molten salt flow loop to cool the reactor and transfer heat to the power conversion cycle (PCS).Here, the use of a supercritical carbon dioxide (S-CO2) Brayton cycle is assumed for that PCS. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the heat exchange between these two systems and to determine the suitability of a common heat exchanger concept, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger (STHE). This was accomplished using a code written in Python programming language that optimized the geometry ofa baffled STHE for a range of conditions the reflect MSR power plants currently in the design or concept stages. Star-CCM+ computational fluid dynamics (CFD)software was used to visualize the flow patterns of molten salt and CO2 in these STHE designs, and it was also used to determine heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops. These values were compared to those calculated by the optimizer code in order to validate its results. Finally, modularity analysis was performed for these STHE designs. Trends were generalized from these results that will contribute to judgments about the suitability of STHE’s for use with MSR’s and S-CO2.

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No description available.

Atriplex is a genus in the Chenopodiaceae, the perennial members of which are ecologically important in western North America. Seventeen species and one subspecies of perennial Atriplex occur in Utah and the northern deserts. Three of these species and the subspecies were described by the writer in a recent publication as a result of extensive field work leading to this study. These are A. welshii, A. navajoensis, A. bonnevillensis, and A. cuneata ssp. introgressa. This study is an investigation of the systematics and phytogeography of the perennial Atriplex in Utah and the northern deserts, with emphasis on the A. gardneri and A. garrettii groups. Since the publication of the Phylogenetic Method in Taxonomy (Hall and Clements, 1923) little systematic work has been done on North American Atriplex. The results of this study indicate that considerable reorganization of taxa occurring within the northern deserts is necessary. The five species formerly classified within A. "nuttallii" Wats. are considered specifically distinct because they are not only discrete morphologically, but soil analysis indicate they have differing edaphic requirements and do not interbreed when sympatric. Nine hybrids are fully discussed. Of these, only one was previously recognized as a hybrid. In addition, one species (A. bonnevillensis) and the subspecies (A. cuneata ssp. introgressa) were found to be of hybrid origin. Scatter diagram analyses are included for six of these hybrids and their parents and the two taxa of hybrid origin. Each taxon is thoroughly described and collection sites are given. Almost all the northern desert species and their hybrids are figured with photographs, and the newly described species and members of the A. "nyttallii" group are figured with line drawings. As the fruiting bract appears to have the most useful diagnostic value, these are illustrated for all northern desert species and hybrids. An attempt has been made to put the nomenclature in order and all synonyms are given. The epithet A. "nuttallii" Wets. is invalid because it is antedated by A. gardneri (Moq.) Dietr .