Dissertation (LL.M.)--University of Cape Town, 2005 / Available in PDF format via the World Wide Web.

Red blood cells are a scarce resource whose demand often exceeds its supply. Intraoperative red cell salvage has proven to be a highly effective blood conservation strategy, as it can reduce the need for allogeneic blood transfusion. However, the use of cell saver alone is not sufficient. Without specific blood ordering guidelines, the amount of allogeneic blood product requested and cross&ndash;matched is often much greater than the real level of consumption. Efficient blood ordering guidelines have been developed in the past, and have succeeded in providing a more accurate prediction of actual need for intraoperative blood transfusion and minimizing waste. Few studies attempted to examine the blood ordering and utilization pattern with an emphasis on surgical cases that involve the use of intraoperative cell salvage. With the use of intraoperative cell salvage devices to reduce the amount of blood bank products required during surgery, considerable change in the practice of ordering cross&ndash;matched blood should be made. We retrospectively assessed the effectiveness of one Standardized Clinical Assessment and Management Plan (SCAMP) in improving the efficiency of blood utilization and reducing waste. This SCAMP was introduced at our Boston Children's Hospital in July 2012 as a blood ordering guideline for all pediatric orthopedic patients who are scheduled for intraoperative cell salvage. We retrospectively compared demographic variables, clinical characteristics, and blood utilization patterns of patients who underwent orthopedic procedure and received cell saver blood during the 17 months prior to the introduction of SCAMP (n = 455) and those who underwent similar procedures during the 15 months after the introduction of SCAMP (n = 487). Results suggested that demographic variables including age, weight, and sex were similar between the pre&ndash;SCAMP and post&ndash;SCAMP groups. It also demonstrated that after the introduction of SCAMP, the mean percentage utilization of blood (number of units used/number of units ordered x 100%) increased by 24.4% (p < 0.001), while the difference between the number of units ordered and number of units used reduced by 0.5 units (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the introduction of a SCAMP for blood product ordering has led to an increase in the efficiency of blood utilization and a reduction in blood waste. However, further evaluation and modification of the SCAMP need to be made in order to better predict actual level of utilization of blood products.

Le commerce international est assuré, dans sa majeure partie, par voie maritime. Les navires, unités de transport maritime, sont confrontés, en permanence, aux périls de la mer. Ce péril est un élément capital qui a permis de développer des règles spécifiques à l’assistance en droit maritime, mais également, l’instinct de solidarité que l’on retrouve dans le comportement des gens de mer. En effet, le contrat d’assistance, élaboré suite à un événement maritime par excellence, est une application de ces techniques juridiques propres au droit maritime et de cette notion large d’entraide et de secours, avec les spécificités de la mer et ses dangers, des navires et les risques qu’ils représentent et affrontent en même temps. Actuellement, le Maroc est doté d’une réglementation considérée ancienne, et même caduque, par rapport à l’évolution du commerce, en général, et du transport maritime, en particulier. Ceci dit, les opérateurs maritimes nationaux et les compagnies spécialisées dans l’assistance des navires en difficulté recourent aux contrats internationaux de type « Lloyd Open Form ». Cette pratique anormale crée des difficultés entre les parties, qui sont de même nationalité, notamment avec l’accroissement des cas d’assistance maritime sur le littoral marocain et ce, dans la gestion du contrat LOF depuis son élaboration jusqu’à l’exécution détaillée de ces termes. De ce qui précède, la mise à jour et à niveau de la législation marocaine dans le domaine maritime, à l’instar des autres pays, s’impose. Le but principal est de rendre l’arsenal juridique marocain cohérent avec les conventions internationales ratifiées par l’Etat, à l’exemple de la convention de Londres de 1989, tout en tenant compte des spécificités du pays. / International trade is performed, in its most part, by sea. Ships, carrying units, deal, permanently, with perils of the sea. This risk is a key element that helped to develop specific rules to salvage in maritime law, but also the instinct of solidarity reflected in the behaviour of seamen. Indeed, the salvage agreement, drawn up consequently and often to a maritime event, is an application of these legal techniques typical to maritime law and that large concept of mutual aid and help, with the specificities of the sea and its dangers, vessels and the risks they create and face simultaneously. Currently, Morocco has an old regulation, even obsolete, compared to the evolution of trade in general and maritime transport in particular. Thus, maritime operators and national companies specialized in salvage of vessels in distress choose international agreements such as "Lloyd Open Form". This practice creates abnormal difficulties between the parties, whom have the same nationality, especially with the increase of maritime salvage events at Moroccan coast and this, in the management of LOF, from the creation to the detailed execution of these terms. From the foregoing, the updating and upgrading of the Moroccan legislation in the maritime domain, like other countries, is needed. The main challenge is to make the Moroccan legal system consistent with international conventions ratified by the state, like the London Convention of 1989, taking also into account the specificities of the country.

The impact of a bark beetle outbreak, and the following sanitation management actions, on the mountain spruce forest in the central part of the Šumava Mountains were compared after twelve years of development. The survey was focused on natural regeneration of trees and herb-layer vegetation.

Esta dissertação apresenta uma edição anotada de um livro inédito de contos de Valdomiro Silveira, Mucufos. A introdução situa historicamente esse livro, expõe as visões críticas a respeito do conjunto da obra do escritor, que envolvem aspectos sociais, humanos, estéticos e lingüísticos. Descreve o conjunto de contos de Mucufos encontrados em duas pastas denominadas Mucufos e Originaes manuscriptos de Papae (preciosíssimos), no Arquivo Valdomiro Silveira, no IEB/ USP, e explicita os critérios adotados na edição. Tal edição tem por finalidade estabelecer, a partir do confronto entre o apógrafo de CLSD (Carmen Lydia de Souza Dias), os autógrafos, os datiloscritos e os impressos encontrados nas pastas e no Arquivo do Estado, uma edição fidedigna. Para tanto, além do confronto referido, foi escolhida a transcrição crítica dos contos, procurando preservar os arcaísmos e os regionalismos presentes neles. A partir da transcrição, foram estabelecidos dois tipos de notas de rodapé. O primeiro, denominado de Nota CLSD, indica jornais de época em que foi publicada a maior parte dos contos, local e data de publicação, assim como local e data da escritura dos contos. O segundo, denominado Nota da edição, indica a pasta onde foi encontrado o conto e explica algumas palavras de cunho regional. Nas análises dos contos, buscou-se problematizar o teor de realismo, com a contribuição da categoria do realismo, segundo Georg Lukács; também foram analisadas as características estéticas, o grau de descrição de elementos da natureza e os principais temas e motivos. Entre estes últimos, destaca-se a violência e seu tratamento estético. Das análises, depreende-se a visão de Brasil por parte do escritor. A presente dissertação, pelo que foi exposto, busca resgatar uma parte do legado artístico de um escritor que muito se preocupou em humanizar um sujeito até então marginalizado em nossa literatura, o caipira, e discutir as principais questões estéticas e ideológicas surgidas nas análises dos 24 contos que constituem a edição. / This dissertation focuses on the annotated edition of an unpublished book of short stories, Mucufos, by Valdomiro Silveira. The introduction situates this book in a historical context, explaining critical views on the collected works of the writer, involving social, human, esthetical and linguistic aspects. It describes the short story collection of Mucufos found in two files named Mucufos and Originaes manuscriptos de Papae (especially valuable) in the Valdomiro Silveira Archive (IEB/ USP), and explains the criteria adopted for the edition. The aim of this edition was to establish an authentic edition emanating from a comparison between a reproduction by CLSD (Carmen Lydia de Souza Dias), autographs, typewritten sheets and printed papers found in the files and in the Office of Public Records. Apart from this comparison, a critical transcript of the short stories was chosen, in an attempt to preserve archaisms and regionalisms in these stories. Two types of footnotes were established from the transcript. The first note, named CLSD Note, indicates newspapers of the time period when most of the short stories were published, with publication date and location, as well as location and date when the stories were written. The second note, named Edition Note, indicates the file where the story was found, explaining some words of regional character. In an analysis of the short stories, there was an attempt to put in doubt the tenor of realism, with contribution from the category of realism, according to Georg Lukács; esthetical features, description of the elements, and main topics and motives were also analyzed. In the latter, violence and its esthetical treatment are highlighted. The writer\'s view of Brazil can be inferred from the analyses. Therefore, the current dissertation seeks to salvage part of the artistic legacy of a writer who was very concerned with humanizing an individual who had been marginalized in our literature until then, i.e. the hillbilly, and discuss the main esthetical and ideological issues that appear in the analyses of the 24 short stories of the edition.

Metabolic differences in the strategies used for pyrimidine base and nucleoside salvage were studied in the pseudomonads and enteric bacteria. Fluoro--analogs were used to select mutant strains of E. coli, S. typhimurium, P. putida, and P. aeruginosa blocked in one or more of the uracil and uridine salvage enzymes. HPLC analysis of cell-free extracts from wild-type and mutant strains examined the effectiveness of the selections. Evidence was found for cytidine kinase in Pseudomonas and for an activity that converted uracil compounds to cytosine compounds. Using media supplemented with 150 μg of orotic acid per ml, P. putida SOC 1, a Pyr, upp mutant which utilizes orotic acid as a pyrimidine source was isolated for the first time in any study.

M.A. / In present-day society, solid waste can no longer be treated as a non-valuable resource. Municipal waste produced from residential and commercial sources has become an economic resource for the poor on landfill sites. Urban poor, rural-urban migrants and urban-urban migrants are the ultimate symbol of the informal economy on landfill sites. These migrants have identified waste as an economic resource to extract a livelihood. In their presence on landfill sites, South Africa has introduced waste management policies which endorse the notion of sustainable development. Sustainable development is the notion through which South Africa shapes and parallels its environmental directive to avoid destruction and depletion of natural resources. Sustainable development is a theoretical framework adopted by this study to evaluate the effect of legislation on informal waste salvagers and waste salvaging. Waste salvaging is often frowned upon and neglected by local municipal authorities who are constitutionally mandated to ensure preservation of natural resources. Amongst other things, local municipalities need to recreate economic opportunities and curb the unemployment rate. Furthermore, South African municipalities deliberated during the tabling of the Polokwane Declaration to reduce waste disposal by 50% in 2012 through waste recycling and waste minimisation. In the absence of employment opportunities, local municipalities in South Africa are continually faced with the dilemma of incorporating informal waste salvaging into their waste management directives. This study uses Weltevreden landfill site in Polokwane as a case study to evaluate the effects of legislation on informal waste salvaging. A waste management and sustainability framework towards career waste salvagers was developed as a paradigm to incorporate elements of sustainable livelihood approach. The framework allowed the study to comprehend the synergy and the discords that waste management directives in South Africa unravel on informal waste salvaging. Furthermore, this led to the procreation of a model to unlock the economic potential of waste in South African municipalities. The model recognises the elements of waste management directives such as National Environmental Management Act, 1998 (Act No.107 of 1998) and National Environmental Management: Waste Act, 2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008). Despite that, the model resonates on the promulgations made in the Waste Act, 2008 (Act No. 59 of 2008) on informal waste salvaging. This study intends to evaluate the extent to which contemporary waste management directives in South Africa support waste salvaging within the three pillars of sustainable development, namely economic, social and environmental. However, this research hypothesises that waste management directives in South Africa fail to support the three pillars of sustainable development. In light of the hypothesis, this research has identified waste salvagers, waste Thaba Makgafela Richard iii management officials and the public as instrumental respondents to evaluate perceptions and challenges linked to the informal waste economy. A desktop review of available regulatory instruments informed recommendations and the model procreated in this study. The key lessons are highlighted and followed in Chapter 7 which provides analytical conclusions and recommendations for all the chapters.

This thesis provides an analysis of aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management in British Columbia and explores the potential of co-operative arrangements for the development of a more inclusive management regime. The objectives of the thesis are (i) to investigate the role of First Nations in the development of archaeology and archaeological resource management, (ii) to compare aboriginal community-based heritage management initiatives in B.C. with those operating within the Yukon and Northwest Territories and the U.S., (iii) to develop an aboriginal involvement framework to analyze aboriginal participation in archaeological resource management in B.C., and (iv) to assess the opportunities and constraints to increased aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management in B.C. Preliminary chapters outline the historical, legislative, and theoretical contexts for this study. Relevant literature is reviewed to provide a discussion of the development of archaeology and its effects on aboriginal people. The creation of a management ethic for archaeology is presented together with the nature of aboriginal participation in the management process. Secondly, literature pertaining to aboriginal involvement in resource management is surveyed to provide a context for analyzing aboriginal participation in archaeological resource management. From this review an aboriginal involvement framework is developed. Based on the themes discussed in preceding chapters and the proposed framework, six key concepts of aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management are identified to provide structure for an analysis of aboriginal involvement in archaeological resource management in B.C. Next, in case study format, the Sto:lo Nation's approach to heritage management is analyzed using the key concepts distilled from the framework. The Sto:lo Nation's experience with managing archaeology is followed by a discussion of the provincial approach to archaeological resource management. The contrasting nature of both the Sto:lo Nation's and the Province's approaches to archaeological resource management is discussed and the difficulties inherent in developing a more inclusive management regime are highlighted. Finally, a set of opportunities and constraints to the development of a co-operative approach to archaeological resource management is outlined. This set is derived both from the events and literature discussed in the previous chapters as well as the results of the case study investigation. A pilot project for the co-operative management of archaeological resources is suggested and the benefits of such an approach are discussed. The thesis closes with the presentation of conditions to facilitate the development of co-operative management of archaeological resources in B.C. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of / Graduate

Please read the abstract in the front part of this document / Thesis (PhD (Chemistry))--University of Pretoria, 2007. / Chemistry / unrestricted

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(医学) / 甲第21956号 / 医博第4498号 / 新制||医||1037(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院医学研究科医学専攻 / (主査)教授 武藤 学, 教授 小川 誠司, 教授 伊達 洋至 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Medical Science / Kyoto University / DFAM