This thesis serves to classify Black Humor as a philosophy, which holds that the world is meaningless and absurd, and as a literary technique. Historical origins are discussed and the idea is related to a reflection of the middle-class syndrome of twentieth century man. Close philosophical and literary relatives are presented and a pure work isn't defined. Black Humor literary characteristics are described in terms of style, theme, plot, setting, chronology, and characteristic ending. Black Humor characters are classified as "non-heroes" divided into four categories. Prevalent use and treatment of traditional forbidden subjects of sex, defecation, money, violence, emotionlessness, religion, death, and "illogical" logic are stressed. In summary, Cat's Cradle is examined in light of the Black Humor characteristics described and found to be other than a pure Black Humor work.

Over the striking development of the Czech search after ``the past of the women{\crqq} the question of the meaning of the iconographic sources for this gender historical research stays always open. If appeared the partial studies seeking gender aspects in the pendent, if need be the book painting, then as yet lurk of explorers region of burlesque, that is offering above all in the satiric and the humorous magazines. This construed diploma work is sight on the meaning, the estimation, the critique and the interpretation of burlesques, that are finding in the humorous and the satiric magazines, where are as the main topic women. This work is presentation search gender aspects, namely above all from the male view of wide problems private and public life of the women from the second half of the nineteenth century to the year 1914 as well as problems of the social position of the women in a given period and estimation of burlesques like historical source. This study is amplified with the visual appendices like demonstration contemporary burlesques.

This thesis is an attempt to analyse the narrative structure of the Turkish satiric comedies that were produced in the 1980s. It focuses on the relation between the narrative structure of the satiric comedies and the socio-political atmosphere of the period. It argues that the satiric comedies aimed to criticize the new right policies and the social transformation in the 1980s through the opposition between the &ldquo / honourable&rdquo / hero on the one hand, and the &ldquo / swindler&rdquo / figure(s) or the &ldquo / degenerated order&rdquo / on the other. The narrative tools and stereotypes were used to represent the decline of such social values as solidarity, collectivism and philanthropy and rise of new ones like individualism, competitiveness and self-reliance. The study also analyzes the transformation of satiric comedies themselves throughout the decade, focusing on the change in the construction of oppositions and conflicts, and the emergence of nostalgia and romanticism as part of their critical discourse.

The eighteenth century is famous for producing literary satire, primarily in verse (and later prose) form. However, during this period, a new dramatic form also arose of which satire was the controlling element. And like the writers of prose and verse satires, playwrights of dramatic satire claimed that their primary aim was the correction of moral faults and failings. Of course, they did not always succeed in this aim. History has shown a few, however, to have had a significant impact on the ideas and lives of their audiences. This thesis is an attempt to demonstrate how these satiric dramas achieved their reformative aims by tracing the theatrical experience of an eighteenth-century audience through Victor Turner's stages of liminality. Turner explains the different ways in which specific genres of theatre (1) create a performance space that is apart from, but still draws symbolically on, the outside world, (2) invite the participation of their audiences in that space, and (3) urge audiences to act in different ways as they leave the theatre space. By examining plays in these ways, we can see how the plays affected the ideas and outlooks of audience members. Because satiric drama invited a high level of participation from audience members, because it invited them into a very "liminal" space, it frequently served to sway audience members' tastes, and in some cases even helped to revolutionize social and literary institutions.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese ODAILTON ARAGAO AGUIAR.pdf: 6869560 bytes, checksum: 82b2d665be7f968776cf57023d3d9ab2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-06-23 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Humor was used in different ways throughout mankind s history as a way of relieving differences and difficulties, disintegrating the established power, unmasking imposters, etc. The satyr, caricature, and parody were used in different contexts. Therefore, the jocoseness of the humorist Aparício Torelly, the Baron of Itararé that was one of the Brazilian icons in the field of satiric/critic journalism, was born in this sense. Aparício Torelly brought the laugh and humor to the printed media first in his newspaper A Manha and then in his three Almanhaques that are the satiric version of the traditional almanac. Accordingly, we consider that his work was important to indicate, denounce and even transform the reality because he revealed to the population the truth about the politic power. Consequently, we decided to study the roots of his humor and what existed before his newspaper A Manha. In addition, we investigated the reasons he used the almanac to express his humor; the history of the caricature; the trajectory of Torelly s work; the political framework in which he worked; and the history of Brazilian press, especially the satiric press. We also discussed the way in which modernist Brazilian poets, such as Mário de Andrade and Oswald de Andrade, introduced humor in some of their works as a way of provoking artistic and cultural changes, and how Torelly could be inserted in the same context. To accomplish these aims, we traveled throughout the history of Brazilian printed media and studied how the humor was used in the magazines and newspapers in vogue by the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. Analyzing the data gathered during this study, we identified how Torelly s humor was different from that published by others in older magazines. We also highlighted the importance of the almanac as a mass communication vehicle able to transmit information about health, education, etc. We described the elements that Torelly aggregated to delineate his humorousness. We identified the elements that characterize his modern style. Finally, the theoretical support for the research comes from different areas such as the semiotics of culture, studies on humor, caricature, and the history of Brazilian printed media / O Riso na Mídia: o Barão de Itararé e seus Almanhaques (os almanaques do jornal A Manha). O riso foi usado de várias maneiras na história da humanidade: para aliviar diferenças e dificuldades, para enfrentar o poder estabelecido, para desmascarar poderes e pessoas etc. Dessa maneira, a sátira, a caricatura, a paródia, foram usadas das mais diversas formas. E assim, surge o riso do humorista Aparício Torelly, o Barão de Itararé, que foi um ícone no Brasil, no que se refere ao jornalismo satírico/crítico. Em seu jornal A Manha, e depois com seus três Almanhaques, ou seja, a versão satírica do almanaque tradicional, ele nos coloca diante do riso e do humor na mídia impressa. Assim, percebemos que seu riso foi importante para registrar, denunciar e até transformar a realidade através do esclarecimento da população sobre o que acontecia nas entranhas do poder. Dessa maneira, partindo de seus Almanhaques, resolvemos estudar a origem de seu humor, o que existiu antes de seu jornal A Manha: o porquê da utilização do veículo de comunicação almanaque para construir esse humor; o acompanhamento de uma certa história da caricatura etc; o percurso do trabalho de Torelly, o contexto político da época; a história da imprensa no Brasil e sobretudo da imprensa satírica. Procuramos avaliar de que modo modernistas como Mário de Andrade e Oswald de Andrade, se apropriaram do humor com intuito de provocar mudanças culturais e artísticas, e como Torelly pôde ser colocado no mesmo contexto; Para tanto, podemos dizer que foi feita uma viagem pela história da mídia impressa no Brasil, a utilização do humor nos periódicos existentes no final do século XIX e do início do século XX. Tentamos identificar como o humor de Aparício Torelly conseguiu se diferenciar daquele encontrável em outros periódicos mais antigos. Destacamos também a importância do almanaque, enquanto veículo de transmissão de informações básicas como saúde, educação etc. Buscamos ainda os elementos agregados para a elaboração deste riso sobre o seu tempo, a cultura e a sociedade brasileiras. Também esteve em causa a identificação de traços que caracterizaram como moderna a atuação deste humorista. Para a realização deste trabalho, nos valemos de estudos sobre o riso, a caricatura, a história da mídia impressa no Brasil e, teoricamente, nos apoiamos em algumas formulações da Semiótica da Cultura, no que se refere à construção e permanência dos textos

No description available.

This study involves an investigation into the use of satire and humour as strategies of communication. The poetry of four Tsonga poets selected for study includes these strategies which are investigated for the purpose of determining the extent to which they function as strategies of communication. The study consists of four chapters which can be summarized as follows: CHAPTER 1 contains the introduction, aim, scope and method of approach of the entire study. Theories and definitions of satire and humour are also presented here. In CHAPTER 2 the poems selected for study are analysed in terms of invective, subtle and light-hearted satire. CHAPTER 3 focuses attention on the style of presentation of comic and derisive humour. CHAPTER 4 highlights and elucidates the most significant findings of the study. The most competent poet of the four at using satire and humour is identified and his excellence declared and justified / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

This study involves an investigation into the use of satire and humour as strategies of communication. The poetry of four Tsonga poets selected for study includes these strategies which are investigated for the purpose of determining the extent to which they function as strategies of communication. The study consists of four chapters which can be summarized as follows: CHAPTER 1 contains the introduction, aim, scope and method of approach of the entire study. Theories and definitions of satire and humour are also presented here. In CHAPTER 2 the poems selected for study are analysed in terms of invective, subtle and light-hearted satire. CHAPTER 3 focuses attention on the style of presentation of comic and derisive humour. CHAPTER 4 highlights and elucidates the most significant findings of the study. The most competent poet of the four at using satire and humour is identified and his excellence declared and justified / African Languages / M.A. (African languages)

Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction. Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices in the later Middle Ages. In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the iii theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction, considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation. Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer.

Satire and counsel recur together in the secular literature of the High and Late Middle Ages. I analyze their collocation in Latin, Old Occitan, and Middle English texts from the twelfth to the fifteenth century in works by Walter Map, Alan of Lille, John of Salisbury, Daniel of Beccles, John Gower, William of Poitiers, Thomas Hoccleve, and John Skelton. As types of discourse, satire and counsel resemble each other in the way they reproduce scenarios of social interaction. Authors combine satire and counsel to reproduce these scenarios according to the protocols of real-life social interaction. Informed by linguistic pragmatics, discourse analysis, sociolinguistics and cultural anthropology, I examine the relational rhetoric of these texts to uncover a sometimes complex and reflective ethical discourse on power which sometimes implicates itself in the practices it condemns. The dissertation draws throughout on sociolinguistic methods for examining verbal interaction between unequals, and assesses what this focus can contribute to recent scholarly debates on the interrelation of social and literary practices in the later Middle Ages. In the first chapter I introduce the concepts and methodologies that inform this dissertation through a detailed consideration of Distinction One of Walter Map’s De nugis curialium . While looking at how Walter Map combines discourses of satire and counsel to negotiate a new social role for the learned cleric at court, I advocate treating satire as a mode of expression more general than ‘literary’ genre and introduce the iii theories and methods that inform my treatment of literary texts as social interaction, considering also how these approaches can complement new historicist interpretation. Chapter two looks at how twelfth-century authors of didactic poetry appropriate relational discourses from school and household to claim the authoritative roles of teacher and father. In the third chapter, I focus on texts that depict relations between princes and courtiers, especially the Prologue of the Confessio Amantis which idealizes its author John Gower as an honest counselor and depicts King Richard II (in its first recension) as receptive to honest counsel. The fourth chapter turns to poets with the uncertain social identities of literate functionaries at court. Articulating their alienation and satirizing the ploys of courtiers—including even satire itself—Thomas Hoccleve in the Regement of Princes and John Skelton in The Bowge of Court undermine the satirist-counselor’s claim to authenticity. In concluding, I consider how this study revises understanding of the genre of satire in the Middle Ages and what such an approach might contribute to the study of Jean de Meun and Geoffrey Chaucer.