Texte remanié de: Doct-diss.--Philos.--Evanston, Northwestern university's graduate school, 1979. / Bibliogr. p. 224-228. Index.

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Les études concernant la production de Sayyid Quṭb se limitent généralement à ses écrits religieux et politiques fondés sur sa vision extrémiste de l’islam, en occultant sa production littéraire. Ce procédé nous empêche de voir l’œuvre quṭbienne dans toute sa complexité.Notre recherche se propose d’étudier l’œuvre de Quṭb dans sa globalité. Elle porte ainsi sur son discours dans ses différents domaines religieux, social, politique et littéraire, et tient compte de son évolution, afin de mettre en évidence ses transformations et contradictions.Dans sa première partie, cette recherche présente d’abord le contexte historique, socio-politique et culturel de l’œuvre de Quṭb, avant d’analyser sa vision religieuse, sociale et politique. Dans sa deuxième partie, elle traite, dans un premier temps, de la littérature de Quṭb pour mieux percevoir sa vision littéraire. Ensuite, ce travail procède à une analyse, basée sur une approche narratologique et sémiologique, de la production romanesque de Quṭb, négligée par les chercheurs. Ainsi apparaît la prédominance de sa dimension « prophétique », morale et didactique. Dans une dernière partie, nous confrontons la littérature « islamique » de Quṭb, et son œuvre romanesque à sa production poétique dominée par une vision romantique, de manière à bien mettre en évidence ses contradictions internes. / Studies relating to the production of Sayyid Quṭb are generally limited to his religious and political writings, which mirror his extremist views of Islam, and they thus obscure his literary production.Our research aims to study the works of Quṭb as a whole. It focuses on his discourse in various areas, be they religious, social, political or literary, as well as it takes into account the evolution in his views, in order to better highlight his changes of positions and his contradictions.It begins, in its first part, with the historical, socio-political and cultural context, within which Qutb’s work took place, before analyzing his religious, social and political views. In its second part, it addresses, at first, Qutb's literature in order to better grasp his literary vision. Then, basing its analysis on a narratological and semiological approach, this research goes on to analyze the novels of Quṭb, which are neglected by researchers, thus bringing into light the predominance of its “prophetic”, moral and didactic dimension. In its last part, we compare Qutb’s “Islamic” literature and his novels with his poetic production which is dominated by a romantic vision, so as to clearly highlight its internal contradictions.

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Submitted by Eliezer Santos (eliezer.santos@mackenzie.br) on 2018-05-30T22:40:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Bonato Machado.pdf: 1527591 bytes, checksum: de50f65f94716a894e1ea920354dd1f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-08-18T17:38:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Bonato Machado.pdf: 1527591 bytes, checksum: de50f65f94716a894e1ea920354dd1f3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paola Damato (repositorio@mackenzie.br) on 2018-11-14T13:26:26Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Bonato Machado.pdf: 1527591 bytes, checksum: de50f65f94716a894e1ea920354dd1f3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-14T13:26:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Henrique Bonato Machado.pdf: 1527591 bytes, checksum: de50f65f94716a894e1ea920354dd1f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Programa de Suporte à Pós-Graduação de Instituições de Ensino Superior Particulares / The present work has as objective to analyze the doctrines that act as support for the current military performances in groups oriented by Christian and Muslim faiths. Because of the breadth of the theme, two authors were chosen whose influence is major in the moral basis of the war in both groups: the Spanish theologian Francisco de Vitoria, notably recognized as one of the major contributors to the modern form of just war doctrine. And Sayyid Qutb, an Egyptian thinker, whose notions of Islamic state and jihad, underpin the main Islamic paramilitary groups operating on a global scale. The construction of these foundations is pointed out through the influence of precursors of both doctrines, highlighting the evolution of thought to its particular form in Vitória and Qutb, as well as the extension of its theses until its concretization in real conflicts. The method used in this dissertation is the bibliographical review of articles, transcriptions of speeches and works of reference in the subject, prioritizing the use of primary sources of the two main authors. / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as doutrinas que atuam como suporte moral para as atuações militares atuais em grupos de orientação cristã e muçulmana. Devido à amplitude do tema, fez-se a opção de selecionar dois autores cuja influência é majoritária na fundamentação moral da guerra em ambos os grupos: o teólogo espanhol Francisco de Vitória, notadamente reconhecido como um dos maiores contribuintes para a forma moderna da doutrina da guerra justa. E Sayyid Qutb, pensador egípcio, cujas noções de Estado islâmico e jihad, fundamentam os principais grupos paramilitares islâmicos atuantes em escala global. A construção destes fundamentos é apontada por meio da influência de precursores de ambas as doutrinas, destacando a evolução do pensamento até sua forma particular em Vitória e Qutb, bem como a extensão de suas teses até sua concretização em conflitos reais. O método empregado nesta dissertação é a revisão bibliográfica de artigos, transcrições de discursos e obras de referência no assunto, priorizando o uso de fontes primárias dos dois autores destacados.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / The year 1924, which coincided with the fall of the Ottoman Caliphate and more recently, the Arab Spring which started in Tunisia in December 2010, and spread across much of north Africa and parts of the Middle East, has captured the attention of worldwide audiences, but also policy makers from the West to relook at the masses in the Muslim world as not politically acquiescent, even ignorant, but also, and more importantly as to which forms of government these regions would adopt, secular or Shari‘ah based (Islamic Law), or a combination of the two. The proposed research will examine and compare the views of the Shī‘i Iranian leader Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini and Egyptian Sunni intellectual and Muslim Brotherhood ideologue, Sayyid Quţb regarding the form of government and its source of authority. Both scholars agreed on the sovereignty of the Sharỉ‘ah. Khomeini stressed the centrality of the establishment of an Islamic government and the concept of Wilāyat al-faqīh in his book of Ḥukūmah al-Islamiyyah (Khomeini, undate). Therefore, Khomeini’s doctrine of Wilāyat al-faqīh argues that the government should be run in accordance with the Shari‘ah. For this to happen, a high-ranking cleric (Islamic jurist) should provide political guardianship over the people in the absence of and until the reappearance of the Hidden Imām. Sayyid Quţb stressed the establishment of an Islamic society before attempting to codify the Sharī‘ah (Quţb, 1981:76). His writing on politics and government does not lay out a comprehensive plan for Islamic governance. He does however; provide a foundation and three sub-principles that help determine its powers and structure. He declared that the foundation of Islamic political rule is Ulūhiyya (servitude) and Al-ḥākimiyya (sovereignty of Sharī‘ah) of Allah. This means that the Islamic government is the rule of God (Loboda, 2004: 25) Furthermore, Quţb, argues that Islam does not provide man with sovereignty, but Allah (God) is the only sovereign. In addition, he clarifies that an Islamic form of government itself is not divine as past Christian governments considered their kings to be divinely ordained. Instead, any rule with reference to Al-ḥākimiyya and based on three subprinciples is Islamic rule (Quţb, 1993). The three sub-principles for Islamic political rule indicated by Sayyid Quţb are as follows. Firstly, the rulers should be just. Secondly, the people should be obedient to the ruler as long as he submits to the sovereignty of Allah and implements the Sharī‘ah. Thirdly, there should be consultation between the rulers and the community. However Sayyid Quţb does not indicate a clear method of consultation between the ruler and the people. Instead, he leaves it up to the local conditions of the community. In the third principle, Quţb indicated that the importance of consultation encompasses the entire concept of Islamic rule and Muslim community life (Quţb, 1993:45). This means Sayyid Quţb "indirectly states that rulers should be elected by democratic vote" (Loboda. 2004:28).

This text examines the sovereignty concept in Sayyid Qutb´s final book Milelstones, with a focus on the political and non-political aspects of the concept. The analysis also examines potentially radical and extreme aspects in the concept. The findings show that Qutb´s sovereignty concept is a practical theology focused on what God´s sovereignty means for Muslims in belief and practice. God´s sovereignty is an encompassing concept to Qutb, which means that His exclusive right to sovereignty should permeate through the souls of Muslims and guide their actions in all spheres of life, including in politics. In a concrete form, this means that God´s law and principles should be implemented. Qutb´s sovereignty concept is not extreme, but radical because it challenges established secular orders and the hegemonic assumption in modern discourses that human beings have a right to sovereignty.