Orientador: Gustavo Franco Barbosa / Resumo: O desempenho de tecidos e órgãos de todo organismo vivo, fica naturalmente comprometido com o passar dos anos, e se faz necessário intervenções médicas para eventuais reconstituições ou reparações de tecidos acometidos e danificados por doenças ou lesões. Neste contexto, a Engenharia Tecidual tem trabalhado de maneira interdisciplinar nos campos das Engenharias, Biologia e Medicina, e tem trazido grandes evoluções e opções aos já difundidos transplantes e enxertos ósseos. Nesse âmbito, impulsionado pelas recentes aplicações da tecnologia da manufatura aditiva, novos polímeros termoplásticos biodegradáveis têm sido utilizados com sucesso. Dessa forma, este trabalho de pesquisa tem como propósito principal desenvolver scaffolds 3D mimetizando o osso trabecular, aliando as propriedades de biocompatibilidade e biodegradabilidade do já difundido e certificado PLA (ácido polilático). Assim, os scaffolds 3D de PLA em sua versão comercial, são recobertos com látex natural extraído da Hevea brasiliensis por meio da técnica dip-coating, afim de otimizar a biocompatibilidade, promovendo condições para a angiogênese e proporcionando condições para a migração, diferenciação e proliferação de tecido ósseo, características estas que foram detectadas em estudos recentes deste material com resultados promissores. Com auxílio de softwares CAD, foi possível desenvolver geometrias com interconectividade estruturada, seguidos de definição de parâmetros de processamento e fabricação utilizando a t... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Mestre

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study represents a cost-effective method to advance the physical and mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) prepreg composite materials, where electrospun multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/epoxy nanofibers fabricated and deposited in between the layers of traditional CFRP prepreg composite. CNT-aligned epoxy nanofibers were uniformly formed by an optimized electrospinning method. Electrospinning is considered one of the most flexible, low-cost, and globally recognized methods for generating continuous filaments from submicron to tens of nanometer diameter. Nanofilaments were incorporated precisely on the layers of prepreg to accomplish increased adhesion and interfacial bonding, leading to increased strength and enhancements in more mechanical properties. As a result, the modulus of the epoxy and CNT/epoxy nanofibers were revealed to be 3.24 GPa and 4.84 GPa, leading to 49% enhancement. Furthermore, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and fatigue performance at high-stress regimes improved by 29% and 27%, respectively. Barely visible impact damage (BVID) energy improved considerably by up to 45%. The thermal and electrical conductivities were also increased considerably because of the highly conductive CNT networks present in between the CFRP layers. The newly introduced approach was able to deposit high content uniform CNTs at the ply interface of prepregs to enhance the CFRP properties, that has not been achieved in the past because of the randomly oriented high viscosity CNTs in epoxy resins.

This study represents a cost-effective method to advance the physical and mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) prepreg composite materials, where electrospun multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs)/epoxy nanofibers fabricated and deposited in between the layers of traditional CFRP prepreg composite. CNT-aligned epoxy nanofibers were uniformly formed by an optimized electrospinning method. Electrospinning is considered one of the most flexible, low-cost, and globally recognized methods for generating continuous filaments from submicron to tens of nanometer diameter. Nanofilaments were incorporated precisely on the layers of prepreg to accomplish increased adhesion and interfacial bonding, leading to increased strength and enhancements in more mechanical properties. As a result, the modulus of the epoxy and CNT/epoxy nanofibers were revealed to be 3.24 GPa and 4.84 GPa, leading to 49% enhancement. Furthermore, interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and fatigue performance at high-stress regimes improved by 29% and 27%, respectively. Barely visible impact damage (BVID) energy improved considerably by up to 45%. The thermal and electrical conductivities were also increased considerably because of the highly conductive CNT networks present in between the CFRP layers. The newly introduced approach was able to deposit high content uniform CNTs at the ply interface of prepregs to enhance the CFRP properties, that has not been achieved in the past because of the randomly oriented high viscosity CNTs in epoxy resins.

Orientador: Antonio Carlos Guastaldi / Resumo: O desenvolvimento de biomateriais para a regeneração de tecidos é de grande importância e sua demanda aumenta a cada dia, devido ao aumento do envelhecimento da população, da expectativa e qualidade de vida, bem como ao aumento das taxas de acidentes (trânsito e violência). Os Scaffolds são uma estrutura tridimensional, projetada para suportar infiltração, crescimento e diferenciação celular, a fim de melhorar o desenvolvimento e a formação de novos tecidos. Muitos biomateriais podem ser usados para fabricar essas estruturas, como as biocerâmicas e biopolímeros. No entanto, poucos estudos foram realizados para avaliar sua contaminação microbiológica e a influência dos métodos de esterilização podem ter sobre a estrutura e propriedades dos implantes. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as propriedades mecânicas, físico-químicas e microbiológicas, antes e após três métodos de esterilização. Esses Scaffolds foram feitos de celulose bacteriana, alginato de sódio e fosfato de cálcio amorfo. Os Scaffolds foram elaborados mediante processo de liofilização. Eles foram divididos em quatro grupos: um grupo controle e três diferentes métodos de esterilização (esterilização a vapor, esterilização por irradiação ultravioleta e esterilização por micro-ondas). O número de colônias viáveis (UFC/mL) foi obtido através do plaqueamento das amostras em Ágar Dextrose Sabouraud com Cloranfenicol (SDA), Ágar Infusão Cérebro e Coração (BHI), Chromagar e Ágar Sangue. Todos os experimen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The development of biomaterials for the regeneration of tissues is of great importance and their demand increases every day, due to the increase of the aging population, of the expectation and quality of life, as well as the increase of the accident rates (traffic and violence). Scaffolds are a three-dimensional structure designed to withstand cellular infiltration, growth and differentiation in order to improve the development and formation of new tissues. Many biomaterials can be used to make these structures, such as bioceramics and biopolymers. However, few studies have been conducted to evaluate its microbiological contamination and the influence of sterilization methods may have on the structure and properties of implants. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the mechanical, physicochemical and microbiological properties of Scaffolds, before and after three different sterilization methods. These Scaffolds were made of bacterial cellulose, sodium alginate and amorphous calcium phosphate. Scaffolds were made by lyophilization process. They were divided into four groups: a control group and three different sterilization techniques (steam sterilization, sterilization by ultraviolet irradiation and microwave sterilization). The number of viable colonies (CFU/mL) was obtained by plating the samples in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol (SDA), Brain and Heart Infusion Agar (BHI), Chromagar and Blood Agar. All experiments were performed in triplicate and analyze... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

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