The ornamentation in the keyboard sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti is investigated in light of evidence from late seventeenth and early eighteenth century Spanish treatises and collections. Additionally, calligraphic and statistical evidence from the earliest known manuscripts and printed source for the keyboard sonatas is explored. The study is focused on three ornaments--the appoggiatura, trill, and tremulo--and concludes that: the appoggiaturas in this repertoire were short unless cadential or present in a cantabile tempo, in which case they could be one-third to two-thirds the value of the resolution note; trills were begun on the main note unless preceded by a grace note; tremulo was usually an alternation of a main note with its lower neighbor note and this ornament is normally indicated at points of harmonic prolongation. The last chapter discusses general approaches to arranging these works for the guitar and the specific influence of ornamentation on the performance of the sonatas on guitar. Details from eight sonatas arranged for the guitar are used to exemplify the conclusions of the research.

Comparatively few theoretical studies exist on the keyboard sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti. His music remains largely unexplored. This study investigates formal and functional aspects of the "first halves" in the Venice XIII collection (K 514--K 543) and reveals links to the aesthetics and traditions of his contemporaries. It suggests and examines relationships to the development of the sonata genre. To accomplish this, the study proposes a theoretical base for critical analysis and presents a specialised terminology to examine the features of mid-eighteenth-century sonata forms. The arguments of Michelle Fillion, J. P. Larsen, and Wilhelm Fischer are central to the discussion. Studies by William Caplin, Barbara Foster, Klaus Heimes, Ralph Kirkpatrick, and James Unger also contribute to the development of the theoretical base. An analysis section views the selected repertoire and some contemporary works according to the criteria the thesis establishes. An epilogue sums up pertinent observations made in the analysis section.

The goal of the work is to amplify the volume of respectable academic work dedicated to the pieces and life of Domenico Scarlatti which is not, even nowadays, much abundant in the Czech language. The author's effort was also to help other interpreters of Scarlatti's sonatas, who might be reading this work in the future, to familiarize with pieces of knowledge on the sonatas which has not been widely known and to get valuable and inspirational stimuli that may help them when practising. The work is focused on the form of the sonatas and on solution of technical difficulties, which, considering the period of their origin, are much unprecedented. It were these analyses that help the author elucidate the thematic field that can be also found in the title of the work - musical and pianistic contribution of the sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti.

No description available.

A observação recorrente que alguns pianistas, professores de piano e compositores fazem sobre a presença da escrita de Domenico Scarlatti em alguns movimentos das Sonatas de Beethoven, sugere que há alguma relação estética entre estes compositores até então não devidamente esclarecida. A primeira questão que aparece é como Domenico Scarlatti pôde chamar a atenção de Beethoven, considerando que Scarlatti foi um compositor italiano que saiu de Nápoles para Lisboa e finalmente Madrid, onde compôs as suas 555 Sonatas para o teclado, dedicadas à sua empregadora, rainha Maria Bárbara da Espanha. Beethoven, nascido em 1770, um século após Scarlatti, de outro lado, permaneceu em Viena e arredores por praticamente toda a sua vida profissional. Este trabalho busca investigar proximidades estéticas entre a composição para teclado de Domenico Scarlatti contidas na edição de Carl Czerny e as 32 Sonatas para piano de Beethoven. Busca também esclarecer aspectos da biografia de Domenico Scarlatti e a trajetória das cópias manuscritas de suas 555 Sonatas pela Europa, uma vez que trazem inovações formais e estéticas para sua época. Parte destas Sonatas chegou à Viena através de duas coleções de cópias manuscritas, chamadas de coleção Viena I e Viena II. Através destes manuscritos e das cópias que foram feitas a partir deles, Carl Czerny realizou sua edição. Admite-se que Beethoven tenha tido alguma familiaridade com esta edição das Sonatas de Scarlatti, uma vez que Czerny foi, durante muitos anos, seu aluno e amigo próximo. A metodologia utilizada para aferir semelhanças entre Scarlatti e Beethoven se baseia em duas abordagens. A primeira fundamenta-se na análise comparativa tradicional - não automatizada - sobre procedimentos composicionais de ambos os compositores. A segunda utiliza-se de recursos computacionais para identificar e quantificar a presença de fragmentos melódicos extraídos das Sonatas de Scarlatti da edição de Czerny nas Sonatas de Beethoven, com auxílio da tecnologia do toolkit music21, software desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology a partir de 2010 e disponível através da página de internet http://web.mit.edu/music21/. Seu uso, neste trabalho, aponta para novas possibilidades de abordagem na análise musical cujos resultados e conclusões são obtidos a partir de parâmetros distintos da análise musical tradicional. As análises comparativas tradicionais evidenciaram semelhanças importantes entre os procedimentos composicionais de Scarlatti e Beethoven como, por exemplo, o uso dos silêncios, das mudanças inesperadas de andamento e de caráter. A partir do software construído com a utilização do toolkit music21 para a busca dos fragmentos scarlattianos nas Sonatas de Beethoven, obteve-se resultados de grande relevância, identificando sequencias intervalares idênticas, encontradas nas Sonatas de Beethoven e não verificadas em Mozart, cujas Sonatas foram submetidas ao mesmo método. / A recurrent observation that some pianists, piano teachers and composers make about the presence of Domenico Scarlatti\'s writing in some movements of Beethoven Sonatas, suggests that there is some aesthetic relationship between these composers that was not properly clarified. The first question that appears is how Domenico Scarlatti music could draw the attention of Beethoven, considering that Scarlatti was an Italian composer who left Naples to Lisbon and finally Madrid, where he composed his 555 keyboard sonatas, dedicated to his employer, Queen Maria Barbara of Spain. Beethoven, born in 1770, a century after Scarlatti, on the other hand, remained in and around Vienna virtually his entire professional life. This research investigates aesthetic similiarities between Domenico Scarlatti keyboard Sonatas contained in Carl Czerny edition and the 32 piano Sonatas of Beethoven. It also intends to clarify aspects of Domenico Scarlatti\'s biography and the trajectory of his 555 keyboard Sonatas that bring formal and aesthetics innovations for his time. Part of these Sonatas has come to Vienna in two manuscript copy collections called Vienna I and Vienna II. Through these two manuscript collections and the copies made out of them, Carl Czerny organized his own edition of the Scarlatti Sonatas. It has been admitted that Beethoven was familiar with these Sonatas, considering his long friendship with Czerny. The methodology used to establish similarities between Scarlatti and Beethoven composition is based on two approaches. The first is founded on the traditional comparative analysis - not automated - on compositional procedures of both composers. The second approach makes use of computational resources to identify and quantify the presence of melodic fragments, extracted from Scarlatti Sonatas of Czerny edition, on Beethoven sonatas, with the aid of the toolkit music21, technology developed by MIT in 2010 and available on the internet page http://web.mit.edu/music21/. Its use in this work points to new possibilities for musical analysis whose results and conclusions are obtained from different parameters of traditional musical analysis. The traditional comparative analyzes has revealed important similarities between the compositional procedures of Scarlatti and Beethoven, for example, the use of silences, unexpected changes of timing and character. From the software built using the toolkit music21 to search for melodic fragments of Scarlatti Sonatas on Beethoven piano Sonatas, it has yielded results of great relevance, as the indentification of identical musical intervallic sequences, found in Beethoven Sonatas and not verified on Mozart, whose Sonatas were submitted to the same method

A observação recorrente que alguns pianistas, professores de piano e compositores fazem sobre a presença da escrita de Domenico Scarlatti em alguns movimentos das Sonatas de Beethoven, sugere que há alguma relação estética entre estes compositores até então não devidamente esclarecida. A primeira questão que aparece é como Domenico Scarlatti pôde chamar a atenção de Beethoven, considerando que Scarlatti foi um compositor italiano que saiu de Nápoles para Lisboa e finalmente Madrid, onde compôs as suas 555 Sonatas para o teclado, dedicadas à sua empregadora, rainha Maria Bárbara da Espanha. Beethoven, nascido em 1770, um século após Scarlatti, de outro lado, permaneceu em Viena e arredores por praticamente toda a sua vida profissional. Este trabalho busca investigar proximidades estéticas entre a composição para teclado de Domenico Scarlatti contidas na edição de Carl Czerny e as 32 Sonatas para piano de Beethoven. Busca também esclarecer aspectos da biografia de Domenico Scarlatti e a trajetória das cópias manuscritas de suas 555 Sonatas pela Europa, uma vez que trazem inovações formais e estéticas para sua época. Parte destas Sonatas chegou à Viena através de duas coleções de cópias manuscritas, chamadas de coleção Viena I e Viena II. Através destes manuscritos e das cópias que foram feitas a partir deles, Carl Czerny realizou sua edição. Admite-se que Beethoven tenha tido alguma familiaridade com esta edição das Sonatas de Scarlatti, uma vez que Czerny foi, durante muitos anos, seu aluno e amigo próximo. A metodologia utilizada para aferir semelhanças entre Scarlatti e Beethoven se baseia em duas abordagens. A primeira fundamenta-se na análise comparativa tradicional - não automatizada - sobre procedimentos composicionais de ambos os compositores. A segunda utiliza-se de recursos computacionais para identificar e quantificar a presença de fragmentos melódicos extraídos das Sonatas de Scarlatti da edição de Czerny nas Sonatas de Beethoven, com auxílio da tecnologia do toolkit music21, software desenvolvido pelo Massachusetts Institute of Technology a partir de 2010 e disponível através da página de internet http://web.mit.edu/music21/. Seu uso, neste trabalho, aponta para novas possibilidades de abordagem na análise musical cujos resultados e conclusões são obtidos a partir de parâmetros distintos da análise musical tradicional. As análises comparativas tradicionais evidenciaram semelhanças importantes entre os procedimentos composicionais de Scarlatti e Beethoven como, por exemplo, o uso dos silêncios, das mudanças inesperadas de andamento e de caráter. A partir do software construído com a utilização do toolkit music21 para a busca dos fragmentos scarlattianos nas Sonatas de Beethoven, obteve-se resultados de grande relevância, identificando sequencias intervalares idênticas, encontradas nas Sonatas de Beethoven e não verificadas em Mozart, cujas Sonatas foram submetidas ao mesmo método. / A recurrent observation that some pianists, piano teachers and composers make about the presence of Domenico Scarlatti\'s writing in some movements of Beethoven Sonatas, suggests that there is some aesthetic relationship between these composers that was not properly clarified. The first question that appears is how Domenico Scarlatti music could draw the attention of Beethoven, considering that Scarlatti was an Italian composer who left Naples to Lisbon and finally Madrid, where he composed his 555 keyboard sonatas, dedicated to his employer, Queen Maria Barbara of Spain. Beethoven, born in 1770, a century after Scarlatti, on the other hand, remained in and around Vienna virtually his entire professional life. This research investigates aesthetic similiarities between Domenico Scarlatti keyboard Sonatas contained in Carl Czerny edition and the 32 piano Sonatas of Beethoven. It also intends to clarify aspects of Domenico Scarlatti\'s biography and the trajectory of his 555 keyboard Sonatas that bring formal and aesthetics innovations for his time. Part of these Sonatas has come to Vienna in two manuscript copy collections called Vienna I and Vienna II. Through these two manuscript collections and the copies made out of them, Carl Czerny organized his own edition of the Scarlatti Sonatas. It has been admitted that Beethoven was familiar with these Sonatas, considering his long friendship with Czerny. The methodology used to establish similarities between Scarlatti and Beethoven composition is based on two approaches. The first is founded on the traditional comparative analysis - not automated - on compositional procedures of both composers. The second approach makes use of computational resources to identify and quantify the presence of melodic fragments, extracted from Scarlatti Sonatas of Czerny edition, on Beethoven sonatas, with the aid of the toolkit music21, technology developed by MIT in 2010 and available on the internet page http://web.mit.edu/music21/. Its use in this work points to new possibilities for musical analysis whose results and conclusions are obtained from different parameters of traditional musical analysis. The traditional comparative analyzes has revealed important similarities between the compositional procedures of Scarlatti and Beethoven, for example, the use of silences, unexpected changes of timing and character. From the software built using the toolkit music21 to search for melodic fragments of Scarlatti Sonatas on Beethoven piano Sonatas, it has yielded results of great relevance, as the indentification of identical musical intervallic sequences, found in Beethoven Sonatas and not verified on Mozart, whose Sonatas were submitted to the same method

The purpose of this paper is to identify Spanish elements in the sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti and to determine the extent of their use. All 555 sonatas in facsimile edition, edited by Ralph Kirkpatrick, were compared to the printed anthologies of Spanish folk music by Kurt Schindler and Felipe Pedrell as well as recordings of authentic Spanish folk music. The study concludes that Scarlatti incorporated Spanish musical elements extensively. In some sonatas, fragments of folk tunes occur, but always with some rhythmical alterations or melodic elaborations. Only K. 513 contains an entire folk tune. Scarlatti evidently wrote melodies of folk-like quality and did not merely copy the folk tunes.

Denna självstudie undersöker en lärprocess i improvisation med avstamp i historisk västerländsk konstmusikalisk repertoar och två sonater av Domenico Scarlatti. Syftet med projektet var att se hur min förmåga att improvisera påverkades av övning och att studera historisk improvisation. Under studiens övningsperiod utforskades improvisation med utgångspunkt i historiska improvisationstekniker och nutida forskning. Utforskningen ägde rum under tio veckor och dokumenterades med videoobservation och loggbok som sedan transkriberades och analyserades utifrån tematisk analys. I resultatet beskriver jag designen av min improvisationsövning och konsekvenserna av den designen. Utforskningen av improvisation gick från fri utforskning mot att begränsningar lades till under övningstidens gång. I resultatet kunde ett antal tecken på utveckling av improvisationsförmåga ses. Det framkom också att mina improvisationer blev mer stringenta, med stabilare flöde och med fler musikaliska idéer under projektets gång. I diskussionen diskuteras olika perspektiv på improvisation i relation till resultatet. / This study examines a learning process in improvisation based on historical western art music repertoire and two sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti. The purpose of this project was to see how my ability to improvise was affected by practice and study of historical improvisation. Improvisation was explored on basis of historical improvisation techniques and contemporary research during the practice period of this study. The practice period took place over ten weeks and was documented with video observation and a logbook, which then was transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis. In the result section I describe my design of my improvisation practice and the consequences of that design. The exploration of improvisation went from free to exploration to a more restricted exploration by the end of the practice period. A number of signs of development of my ability to improvise could be observed by the end of the practice period. I also found that my improvisations became more stringent, with a more stable flow and with more musical ideas during the project. The discussion section discusses different perspectives of improvisation in relation to the result.

Este trabalho aborda os aspectos musicais relacionados à construção do relógio de Julius Heckethorn, com base na sonata K 462 de Scarlatti, detalhadamente narrados no tema P, do romance Avalovara, de Osman Lins. O objetivo é o estabelecimento de relações entre esses aspectos musicais e os elementos estruturais do romance, com vistas ao desvelamento de algumas de suas regras. São relevantes e numerosas as referências musicais presentes no romance. Além das ricas narrativas de cenas sonoras, tais como o bater das ondas do mar na beira da praia, o som do vento, o barulho das patas dos cavalos, o cantar dos pássaros, há representações de manifestações musicais folclóricas e eruditas retratadas pelo Pastoril, no Recife, pela cantata Catulli Carmina, de Carl Orff, e pelo salmo In Convertendo Dominus, de André Campra. As reflexões têm como referência teórica a perspectiva de Matila Ghyka (1968) para relacionar os elementos estruturais da obra com a construção do relógio de Julius Heckethorn, e como referência musical as informações contidas em Grout e Palisca (2007). / This paper discusses the musical aspects related to the construction of Julius Heckethorn's clock, based on the Sonata K 462 by Scarlatti, narrated in detail in the subject P, of the novel Avalovara, by Osman Lins. The goal is to establish relationships between the musical aspects and the structural elements of the novel, unveiling some of its rules. The musical references present in the novel are relevant and numerous. Besides the rich narrative sound scenes, like the beating of waves on the beach, the sound of wind, the sound of horses' hoofs and the chirping of birds, there are depictions of folk and classical musical events such as the Pastoril, in Recife, the cantata Carmina Catulli by Carl Orff, and the psalm In Convertendo Dominus, by André Campra. The reflections are referenced to the theoretical perspective of Matila Ghyka (1968) to relate the structural elements of the work with the construction of Julius Heckethorn's clock, and are referenced musically to the information contained in Grout and Palisca (2007).

Este trabalho aborda os aspectos musicais relacionados à construção do relógio de Julius Heckethorn, com base na sonata K 462 de Scarlatti, detalhadamente narrados no tema P, do romance Avalovara, de Osman Lins. O objetivo é o estabelecimento de relações entre esses aspectos musicais e os elementos estruturais do romance, com vistas ao desvelamento de algumas de suas regras. São relevantes e numerosas as referências musicais presentes no romance. Além das ricas narrativas de cenas sonoras, tais como o bater das ondas do mar na beira da praia, o som do vento, o barulho das patas dos cavalos, o cantar dos pássaros, há representações de manifestações musicais folclóricas e eruditas retratadas pelo Pastoril, no Recife, pela cantata Catulli Carmina, de Carl Orff, e pelo salmo In Convertendo Dominus, de André Campra. As reflexões têm como referência teórica a perspectiva de Matila Ghyka (1968) para relacionar os elementos estruturais da obra com a construção do relógio de Julius Heckethorn, e como referência musical as informações contidas em Grout e Palisca (2007). / This paper discusses the musical aspects related to the construction of Julius Heckethorn's clock, based on the Sonata K 462 by Scarlatti, narrated in detail in the subject P, of the novel Avalovara, by Osman Lins. The goal is to establish relationships between the musical aspects and the structural elements of the novel, unveiling some of its rules. The musical references present in the novel are relevant and numerous. Besides the rich narrative sound scenes, like the beating of waves on the beach, the sound of wind, the sound of horses' hoofs and the chirping of birds, there are depictions of folk and classical musical events such as the Pastoril, in Recife, the cantata Carmina Catulli by Carl Orff, and the psalm In Convertendo Dominus, by André Campra. The reflections are referenced to the theoretical perspective of Matila Ghyka (1968) to relate the structural elements of the work with the construction of Julius Heckethorn's clock, and are referenced musically to the information contained in Grout and Palisca (2007).