京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第25139号 / 理博第5046号 / 新制||理||1719(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科化学専攻 / (主査)准教授 齊藤 尚平, 教授 松永 茂樹, 教授 畠山 琢次 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

Carbon nanoribbons are today of great interest as graphene segments with modulable electronic properties. Whilst top down techniques give giant ribbons, bottom-up organic synthesis may lead to exactly designed nanoribbons of controlled geometries. The Scholl reaction is a precious chemical tool for that purpose since it yields efficiently to the graphitization of long and flexible polyphenylene precursors.Surprisingly, twisted structures may be obtained preferentially even if less crowded isomers are also feasible. It has been shown that, against all expectation, even a strong steric hindrance has no marked effect on regioselectivity and highly twisted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are sometimes preferentially formed, whereas their flat and more symmetrical isomers are only obtained in minority. Highly twisted structures such as hexabenzotriphenylene (HBTP) may then be obtained very easily from flexible polyphenylene precursors.After discovering this unexpected regioselectivity, we used it on purpose to form polyhelicenic species. Attempts to prepared hexaphenanthrotriphenylene (HPTP) were unsuccessful due to reactivity issues when synthesizing the corresponding flexible precursors. By using a new versatile strategy leading to an advanced common precursor, several C3-symmetrical flexible substrates have been synthesized and submitted to Scholl reaction. The expected [6]helicenes were not obtained and rearranged products were formed instead, but TMS-bearing HBTP could be prepared, as well as a hexabenzocoronene (HBC) which exceptionnal solubility is due to the distortion of the aromatic core under the effect of bulky tert-butyl substituents in bay regions.The easily formed [5]helicene fragment has been incorporated in the design of twisted carbon nanoribbons that would be composed of a succession of such motifs. As a test reaction, the corresponding monomer and dimer have been synthesized with an excellent yield and fully characterized. Their X-ray structures have even been determined, giving interesting information about their configuration. A more general strategy has then been developed and optimized for the systematic synthesis of longer oligomers of twisted nanoribbons. Using this technique, the trimer and tetramer have been synthesized and characterized by mass spectrometry.

Les nanorubans de carbone présentent aujourd’hui un grand intérêt en tant que segments de graphène aux propriétés électroniques modulables. Alors que des techniques de synthèse destructives top down donnent des rubans de très grande taille, d’autres techniques constructives bottom up, par synthèse organique, pourraient former des nanorubans bien définis de géométries contrôlées. Dans cette optique, la réaction de Scholl est un outil chimique précieux car elle permet la graphénisation de longs précurseurs flexibles de type polyphénylène.Etonnamment, des structures distordues peuvent être obtenues majoritairement même si des isomères plans moins encombrés sont a priori favorisés. Nous avons ainsi montré que contre toute attente même un encombrement stérique important n’a aucun effet notoire sur la régiosélectivité et que des composés aromatiques polycycliques courbés sont préférentiellement formés. Ainsi, des structures particulièrement tordues, tel que l’hexabenzotriphénylène (HBTP) peuvent être facilement obtenues à partir de précurseurs de type polyphénylène.Après avoir découvert cette régiosélectivité inattendue, nous en avons tiré parti pour former des composés de type polyhélicène. Plusieurs tentatives de formation de l’hexaphénanthrotriphénylène (HPTP) furent infructueuses à cause de problèmes de réactivité lors des synthèses des précurseurs flexibles correspondants. En mettant au point une stratégie de synthèse versatile fondée sur un précurseur commun, plusieurs substrats flexibles de symétrie C3 ont été synthétisés puis soumis à la réaction de Scholl. Des produits de réarrangement ont cependant été obtenus au détriment des [6]hélicènes attendus. Toutefois, un HBTP fonctionnalisé par des groupements TMS a pu être efficacement préparé, ainsi qu’un hexabenzocoronène (HBC) dont l’exceptionnelle solubilité est due à la distorsion du coeur aromatique sous l’effet des groupements encombrants situés dans les régions baie.Ce fragment [5]hélicène favorisé a enfin été incorporé dans la formulation de nanorubans de carbone tordus, alors composés d’une succession de ce motif. En tant que réactions test, les synthèses du monomère et du dimère correspondants ont été effectuées avec d’excellents rendements et les deux composés entièrement caractérisés. Leurs structures ont été déterminée par diffraction de rayons X sur monocristaux et ont fourni d’intéressantes informations complémentaires quant à leurs configurations. Une stratégie plus générale a enfin été développée et optimisée pour la synthèse systématique d’oligomères plus longs de nanorubans de carbone tordus. En utilisant cette technique les trimère et tétramère correspondants ont été synthétisés et caractérisés par spectrométrie de masse. / Carbon nanoribbons are today of great interest as graphene segments with modulable electronic properties. Whilst top down techniques give giant ribbons, bottom-up organic synthesis may lead to exactly designed nanoribbons of controlled geometries. The Scholl reaction is a precious chemical tool for that purpose since it yields efficiently to the graphitization of long and flexible polyphenylene precursors.Surprisingly, twisted structures may be obtained preferentially even if less crowded isomers are also feasible. It has been shown that, against all expectation, even a strong steric hindrance has no marked effect on regioselectivity and highly twisted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are sometimes preferentially formed, whereas their flat and more symmetrical isomers are only obtained in minority. Highly twisted structures such as hexabenzotriphenylene (HBTP) may then be obtained very easily from flexible polyphenylene precursors.After discovering this unexpected regioselectivity, we used it on purpose to form polyhelicenic species. Attempts to prepared hexaphenanthrotriphenylene (HPTP) were unsuccessful due to reactivity issues when synthesizing the corresponding flexible precursors. By using a new versatile strategy leading to an advanced common precursor, several C3-symmetrical flexible substrates have been synthesized and submitted to Scholl reaction. The expected [6]helicenes were not obtained and rearranged products were formed instead, but TMS-bearing HBTP could be prepared, as well as a hexabenzocoronene (HBC) which exceptionnal solubility is due to the distortion of the aromatic core under the effect of bulky tert-butyl substituents in bay regions.The easily formed [5]helicene fragment has been incorporated in the design of twisted carbon nanoribbons that would be composed of a succession of such motifs. As a test reaction, the corresponding monomer and dimer have been synthesized with an excellent yield and fully characterized. Their X-ray structures have even been determined, giving interesting information about their configuration. A more general strategy has then been developed and optimized for the systematic synthesis of longer oligomers of twisted nanoribbons. Using this technique, the trimer and tetramer have been synthesized and characterized by mass spectrometry.

Herein, we report on the mechanochemical Scholl reaction of dendritic oligophenylene precursors to produce benchmark nanographenes such as hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (HBC), triangular shaped C60 and expanded C222 under solvent-free conditions. The solvent-free approach overcomes the bottleneck of solubility limitation in this well-known and powerful reaction. The mechanochemical approach allows tracking the reaction process by in situ pressure measurements. The quality of produced nanographenes has been confirmed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. This approach paves the way towards gram scale and environmentally benign synthesis of extended nanographenes and possibly graphene nanoribbons suitable for application in carbon based electronics or energy applications.