Youth living in the United States are experiencing increasing rates of mental health issues (New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003; U.S. Department of Education, 2006) and are less likely to receive mental health services (U.S.DHHS, 2009). Children and adolescent mental health services are fragmented, often times ineffective, and difficult to obtain (Brown, 2006; Center for Mental Health in Schools, 2008; Jacob, 2008). Children of color and children living in poverty (ASCA, 2009; Panigua, 2005; Shavers, 2013; and Vera, Buhin, & Shin, 2006), are more likely than their peers to experience mental health disorders and less likely to receive outside mental health services (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services,1999; U.S. National Institute of Mental Health, 2001). Professional school counselors, play a significant role in identifying, meeting and connecting students in need of additional mental health services (ASCA, 2012; Jacob, 2008) and are advised to collaborate with community agencies to better meet the mental health needs of all their students (ASCA, 2009; ASCA, 2012). If left untreated, mental health issues can have a direct impact on students’ learning and academic performance (Adelman & Taylor, 2006). In response, there have been many recent initiatives to promote mental health in schools, including H.R. 628: Mental Health in Schools Act currently being considered by a United States congressional committee. School-based mental health counseling programs (SBMHCPs) have been implemented to address the fragmented mental health delivery system for children and adolescents needing mental health services (Center for Mental Health in Schools, 2003; New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003; & Surgeon General Report on Mental Health, 1999). There is limited research about SBMHCPs from the perspective of those who have been addressing the mental health needs of students for decades—professional school counselors and professional school counselor educators. This qualitative study examined professional school counselors’ and counselor educators’ experiences working collaboratively with school-based mental health counselors. Seventeen school counselors (n=17) and five (n=5) counselor educators participated in a structured online questionnaire. Phenomenological data analysis methods were used to analyze the results (Hays & Woods, 2011; Moustakas, 1994). Results describe professional school counselor and counselor educator’s perceptions about school-based mental health programs, the roles of professional school counselors and school-based mental health counselors, training recommendations, and funding issues related to school-based mental health programs.

Background: Asthma Link is a program that aims to increase adherence to inhaled corticosteroids among children with persistent asthma by delivering evidence-based school-supervised therapy. This program, which leverages existing infrastructure, improves asthma outcomes in children from low-income, minority families. Our aim was to elicit the perspectives of school nurses who supervise preventive medication administration. Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with 12 school nurses participating in Asthma Link. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes related to barriers and facilitators to preventive medication delivery. Results: Barriers described by school nurses included communication challenges with families and providers, inconsistent supplies of the preventive medicine at school, and the perception by some families and nurses that preventive therapy should be provided at home. Facilitators included the ease of incorporating preventive medication delivery into morning routines, recognizing the positive impacts on children from families with limited resources, feeling part of the preventive health care team, and being well-positioned to engage families in preventive asthma care. Conclusions: To facilitate Asthma Link adoption, it is critical to incorporate school nurse feedback in the program’s protocol refinement. School-supervised asthma therapy programs are advised to engage school nurses in the opportunity to provide preventive care, streamline communication, and address social and logistical challenges which may impede families from bringing medication to school.

No description available.

The purpose of this study was to explore whether school-based decision making (SBDM) impacts student achievement. Specifically, the study involved determining if the degree of teacher involvement in SBDM across eight decision dimensions differed between schools that demonstrated the most and schools that demonstrated the least district improvement in student achievement. The population consisted of elementary schools in a large urban school district with more than ten years of SBDM implementation. Student achievement scores from 1993 to 1995 were examined for all 68 elementary schools. Based on degree of improvement for fourth grade scores over the three years, 15 schools from the 25% most improved and 15 schools from the 25% least improved were selected for study. Schools from the two extreme-groups sample were matched on five demographic variables. The Teacher Involvement Participation Scale—TIPS-2 (Russell,1992), an instrument for measuring the degree of SBDM in eight different decision dimensions, was given to all certified personnel at each school. A return of 575 surveys represented 63% of the sample schools' staff. Two short questionnaires were administered to principals and SBDM teams to collect descriptive data. Findings, using MANOVA followed by univariate tests, indicated significant differences between groups in six of the eight SBDM decision dimensions. The most improved schools had a higher degree of participation (p < .01) in SBDM decisions in dimensions of: 1) goals/vision/mission, 2) curriculum/instruction, 3)standards, and 4) facilitating procedures/structures. Although neither group participated widely in decisions about staffing and operations, the most improved schools were more involved in those decisions than the least improved schools (p < .05). No significant difference was found between the two groups in the dimensions of budget and staff development. It is concluded that student achievement is positively impacted by greater participation in SBDM in at least six of eight SBDM dimensions, with "goals/vision/mission" and "curriculum/instruction" being the most critical factors. Although these findings indicate that SBDM contributes to improved student achievement, further research is needed to determine if this study's findings are supported.

龍榮淦 = The attitude of Hong Kong secondary school teacher towards school-based staff development / Lung Wing Kam. / 論文(哲學碩士) -- 香港中文大學硏究院敎育學部, 1997. / 參考文獻: leaves 106-119. / Long Ronggan = The attitude of Hong Kong secondary school teacher towards school-based staff development / Lung Wing Kam. / 鳴謝 --- p.i / 目錄 --- p.ii / 圖表目錄 --- p.v / 論文撮要 --- p.vi / 頁碼 / Chapter 第一章 --- 緒論 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 背景 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- 教育環境改變 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- 學校管理模式改變 --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- 教師成長的需要 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- 組織改進 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- 教師專業化 --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2 --- 研究目的 --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- 研究的意義 --- p.6 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻探討 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1 --- 教職員發展 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- 教職員發展的含義 --- p.8 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- 新舊教職員發展比較 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- 校本教職員發展的內容 --- p.12 / Chapter 2.2 --- 態度的定義 --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- 成長需要強度 --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- 需要理論 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- 層級理論 --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- 雙因子理論 --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- 成長需要強度 --- p.21 / Chapter 2.4 --- 感受的工作困難程度 --- p.25 / Chapter 2.5 --- 職業階段理論 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- 職業階段理論 --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- 教學年資、職級、職位與職業階段 --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6 --- 學校氣氛 --- p.31 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- 學校氣氛研究的發展 --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6.1.1 --- 組織氣氛描述問卷 --- p.33 / Chapter 2-6.1.2 --- 修訂的組織氣氛描述問卷 --- p.34 / Chapter 2.6.1.3 --- 組織氣氛指數 --- p.35 / Chapter 2.6.1.4 --- 健康組織問卷 --- p.36 / Chapter 2.6.1.5 --- 小結 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- 學校氣氛的三個方面 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.6.2.1 --- 人際關係氣氛 --- p.37 / Chapter 2.6.2.2 --- 決策參與氣氛 --- p.38 / Chapter 2.6.2.3 --- 專業取向氣氛 --- p.40 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- 小結 --- p.42 / Chapter 2.7 --- 總結 --- p.43 / Chapter 第三章： --- 理論架構 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1 --- 前言 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- 校本教職員發展 --- p.44 / Chapter 3.3 --- 參與校本教職員發展的經驗 --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- 教師態度 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- 成長需要強度 --- p.46 / Chapter 3.6 --- 感受的工作困難程度 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.7 --- 教學年資、職級、職位與職業階段 --- p.47 / Chapter 3.8 --- 學校氣氛 --- p.48 / Chapter 3.9 --- 理論架構 --- p.49 / Chapter 3.10 --- 研究問題 --- p.49 / Chapter 第四章 --- 硏究方法 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.1 --- 前言 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2 --- 定義 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- 香港中學教師 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- 校本教職員發展 --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- 校本教職員發展態度 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- 參與校本教職員發展的經驗 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- 成長需要強度 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- 感受的工作困難程度 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- 職級、職位及教學年資 --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- 學校氣氛 --- p.55 / Chapter 4.3 --- 抽樣方法 --- p.55 / Chapter 4.4 --- 分析單位 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.5 --- 研究假設 --- p.56 / Chapter 4.6 --- 調查工具 --- p.58 / Chapter 4.6.1 --- 教師的基本個人資料 --- p.58 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- 教師的成長需要強度 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- 參與校本教職員發展的經驗 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- 感受的工作困難程度 --- p.59 / Chapter 4.6.5 --- 學校氣氛 --- p.60 / Chapter 4.6.6 --- 校本教職員活動的態度 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.7 --- 跟進訪問 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.7.1 --- 跟進訪問目的 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.7.2 --- 跟進訪問進行步驟 --- p.61 / Chapter 4.7.3 --- 訪問情況 --- p.62 / Chapter 4.8 --- 分析工具 --- p.62 / Chapter 4.9 --- 研究限制 --- p.63 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結果分析與討論 --- p.65 / Chapter 5.1 --- 個人特徵分析 --- p.65 / Chapter 5.2 --- 態度變項分析 --- p.65 / Chapter 5.3 --- 不同個人特徵教師對校本教職員發展的態度之比較分析 --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3.1 --- 不同性別教師的態度 --- p.69 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- 不同學歷教師的態度 --- p.71 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- 教師職級與各態度變項的關係 --- p.72 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- 教師職位與各態度變項的關係 --- p.73 / Chapter 5.3.5 --- 教學年資與各態度變項的關係 --- p.74 / Chapter 5.4 --- 態度變項與其他變項的相關分析 --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4.1 --- 教師參與校本教職員發展經驗與態度變項的關係 --- p.75 / Chapter 5.4.2 --- 教師成長需要強度與態度變項的關係 --- p.78 / Chapter 5.4.3 --- 教師感受的工作困難程度與態度變項的關係 --- p.79 / Chapter 5.4.4 --- 教師感知的學校氣氛與態度變項的關係 --- p.80 / Chapter 5.4.4.1 --- 教師感知的人際關係學校氣氛與態度變項的關係 --- p.80 / Chapter 5.4.4.2 --- 教師感知的決策參與程度之學校氣氛與態度變項 的關係 --- p.81 / Chapter 5.4.4.3 --- 教師感知的專業取向之學校氣氛與態度變項的關 係 --- p.82 / Chapter 5.4.5 --- 小結 --- p.83 / Chapter 5.5 --- 複變項的分析 --- p.84 / Chapter 5.5.1 --- 中學教師對校本教職員發展個人層面活動之態度和 各變項的迴歸分析 --- p.85 / Chapter 5.5.2 --- 中學教師對校本教職員發展小組層面活動之態度和 各變項的迴歸分析 --- p.87 / Chapter 5.5.3 --- 中學教師對校本教職員發展學校層面活動之態度和 各變項的迴歸分析 --- p.89 / Chapter 5.5.4 --- 小結 --- p.92 / Chapter 5.6 --- 跟進訪問 --- p.92 / Chapter 5.7 --- 總結 --- p.96 / Chapter 第六章 --- 結論及建議 --- p.98 / Chapter 6.1 --- 結論 --- p.98 / Chapter 6.2 --- 建議 --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- 實用方面 --- p.102 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- 研究方面 --- p.103 / Chapter 6.3 --- 總結 --- p.105 / 參考資料 --- p.106 / 附錄調查問卷 --- p.120

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

No description available.

Violence is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality amongst young people. Public health approaches are now being increasingly utilised to reduce the risk of young peoples' involvement in violence. One such programme is Medics Against Violence (MAV), which aims to reduce pro-violent attitudes and enhance empathy in secondary school pupils. This thesis aims to investigate whether this approach can be effective in tackling youth violence in secondary school pupils. A mixed-methods approach was adopted to conduct both an outcome and process evaluation of MAV. Four schools took part in the outcome evaluation, which examined whether there was a change in attitudes towards violence or empathy in pupils receiving the MAV programme. The process evaluation consisted of focus groups with school pupils, and open-ended questionnaires and semi-structured interviews with MAV volunteers. There was a small but significant reduction in pro-violent attitudes immediately post-intervention. However, this was not sustained at three months and there was no significant increase in empathy scores. Pupils generally demonstrated anti-violent attitudes, although were more likely to support the use of reactive violence. The pupils appeared to enjoy and generally engage well with the programme. In particular, the use of real footage, interviews with those affected by violence and the Glasgow setting provided a sense of realism for the pupils. Moreover, pupils valued the opportunity to discuss the issues raised by MAV with the volunteers. Volunteers felt engagement was occasionally an issue in the most affluent areas. However, some volunteers adapted the programme to focus on victimisation prevention in the most affluent schools. Further development is therefore needed in terms of establishing who the programme is aimed at (i.e. potential victims or perpetrators), focusing on reactive violence and increasing the sustainability of its effects.

In recent years there has been increasing interest in developing greater creativity in education. This study focuses on trainee teachers during their initial teacher education and explores their beliefs about and perceptions of developing greater creativity in their practice. The work is located within the context of a school-based initial teacher education course and considers whether and how continuing moves towards school-based training in England can support the impetus towards greater creativity in teachers and their pupils. The study draws from qualitative research undertaken with a small group of trainee English teachers during a one-year School-based Initial Teacher Education course in England. Working from a social constructionist perspective, this research uses the methodology of Action Research. Employing a range of qualitative methods, including discourse analysis of group discussions, individual interviews, a silent discussion, and writing and analysing metaphors, it provides some insight into the trainee teachers’ complex understandings of creativity in the classroom, and how these understandings connect with their developing identity as teachers and with their pedagogy, practice and philosophy. It offers an insight into the trainees’ beliefs about and perceptions of moving towards creativity in their teaching, and the barriers and supports to such practice they encounter, both within the training course and in the partner schools. Reviewing a range of approaches to teaching and learning and considering the trainees’ beliefs and perceptions, the study suggests that agency is central to creativity, and that approaches which support the agency both of trainee teachers and of pupils are most likely to result in greater creativity in the classroom. The study regards creativity as a situated and highly contextual quality, and discusses practical approaches to teaching and learning, gathered under the term Creative Practice, which may be most likely to occasion greater creativity in the classroom. It offers suggestions for teacher educators as to how to better support trainee teachers in moving towards Creative Practice.

BACKGROUND: Social self-concept is a foundational construct in the healthy development of early adolescent girls; however, few gender-specific social self-concept interventions exist to support adolescent girls' development. OBJECTIVES: The overarching goal of the dissertation was to enhance the design, delivery, and evaluation of the Growing Girls Program. To achieve this, three distinct yet complimentary aims were established, to: (1) identify best practices in existing social self-concept interventions, (2) evaluate the effect of the current Growing Girls Program on early adolescent girls' social self-concept, and (3) identify gender-specific messages that early adolescent girls interpret from print media. METHODS: The dissertation employs a mixed-methods design, integrating findings from a systematic review of social self-concept interventions, content analysis of parent focus groups (n=4) and interviews (n=11), quantitative analysis of participant questionnaires (n=40) and visual content analysis of adolescent created collages (n=20). RESULTS: The results by specific aim illustrated: 1) the value of interventions that are: implemented in the school setting, developmentally and culturally appropriate, informed by theory, led by well-trained and supported facilitators, and implemented for 12 weeks to 6 months in duration, 2) that the evaluation of the Growing Girls Program provided promising evidence for its future implementation; and 3) that early adolescent girls perceived media messages to promote the importance of physical beauty, sex-appeal, cosmetic use, confidence, designer brands, perfect bodies and health. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to the improvement of the Growing Girls Program, and thereby to the practice of promoting early adolescent girls' social self-concept. Findings illustrate the lack of interventions focused on social self-concept and the challenges of adequately conceptualizing and measuring the construct. Therefore, the enhancement of the gender-specific Growing Girls Program fills an important gap in the social self-concept development literature. RECOMMENDATIONS: The Growing Girls Program should retain current practices assumed to be associated with its success, including its developmentally appropriate, gender specific, 22-week curriculum, its school-based setting, its use of trained and well-supported program facilitators, and it fidelity tracking. To improve, the program should 1) add lessons on the subjects of physical beauty, sex appeal, and the need to appear confident, 2) reduce levels of attrition, and 3) enhance its evaluation practices by including a comparison group, utilizing alternative self-report social self-concept measures, and including a follow up post-intervention.