School bus routing and scheduling are among the major problems because school bus transportation needs to be safe, reliable and efficient. Hence, the research question for this thesis is to answer how to transport students in the safest, most economical and convenient manner. The objective of this thesis is to create a GIS based school transport management system which helps in bus-stop allocation, design fastest and safest bus routes with AVL facility. This thesis also aims to investigate how a school transportation management system may improve the transportation security. The result from this study has helped to develop a school bus routing and scheduling prototype model for Sujatha High School, Hyderabad. This prototype model will help the school transportation management to design shortest and fastest school bus routes and they can also allocate bus stops, which will help them in selecting the pick-up stops for the students and staff, according to their concentration in the areas. This thesis has also, through literature study, investigated how a school transport management system can improve the transportation security. For the time being, there is a general belief that ICT contributes to improving the security, although a quantification of such improvements are lacking. The user interface application has been developed by using VBA and ArcGIS 9.1 Network Analyst provided by Environmental Science Research Institute and it has been evaluated by GIS users.

During the 2010-11 school year, KFL&A Public Health partnered with Lancaster Drive Public School (LDPS) to develop and implement a Walking School Bus Program (WSBP). This study was designed as a pre-test post-test study to explore parental concerns and attitudes towards their children’s use of active transportation and the WSBP, perceptions of the social and built environment, and how these may be associated with parental willingness to allow their children to participate in the WSBP. However, a low response rate did not allow comparisons of pre- and post-test results. Therefore, this thesis uses the pre-test data as a pilot study to evaluate the methods, tools, and feasibility of a future, multi-school pre-and post-test study. As part of the pilot study, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 298 households. Parental willingness was assessed using one item rated on a 10-point scale. Concerns and attitudes were assessed from similar scales developed for this study. Social environment perceptions were measured using a neighbourhood collective efficacy scale and a name generator/interpreter social network instrument. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess the association of parental willingness with the aforementioned variables. Fifty parents participated, which may have contributed to low power to detect associations. However, even with low power, attitudes of parents whose children had already used active transportation to school were found to be significantly associated with willingness when contrasting high and low levels (OR: 1.61, 95%CI: 1.02-2.54). This association did not appear in parents of children who used inactive transportation. Significant correlations were seen between parental willingness and compositional aspects of parental social network ties, i.e., having ties to individuals of diverse ages (τ=0.271) and having ties to individuals with children of the same age as their own (τ=0.267). Qualitative analyses of concerns revealed sub-themes related to the traffic, the need to cross a street, and the need for a suitable place to walk and bicycle, as well as concerns about the WSBP. KFL&A Public Health, LDPS, and Kingston’s City Traffic Engineers can use these results to address barriers to the WSBP and to advocate for improvements in the community infrastructure. / Thesis (Master, Kinesiology & Health Studies) -- Queen's University, 2011-07-20 17:17:15.828

The major purpose of the study is to reveal, by means of comparison, the extent to which the Town Group of pupils and the School Bus Group of pupils of the elementary grades (fourth to seventh inclusive) of the Decatur, Texas, Public School are adjusting to the problems and conditions which confront them in the Decatur school and community, and the extent to which they are developing a normal, happy, and socially effective personality.

The problem of this thesis is to determine the progress made by a group of bus and town pupils in the second grade and should indicate whether or not riding the school bus is detrimental to the academic achievement, behavior development, and personality development of the individual.

School districts providing busing services for students who live too far to walk to school. In many districts a fleet of school buses is used in sequence to transport high school students, then middle school students, and then elementary school students. The result is that high school classes must start much earlier in the morning than the elementary school, and buses may traverse similar routes three times each morning and afternoon. In light of recent research on the benefits of later high school start times and the need to control transportation costs, school districts are seeking efficient school bus routing plans that meet student needs at low cost. This study uses 2018 data for schools in Northampton, Massachusetts, to identify the potential to achieve two objectives: 1) start the high school classes as late as possible in the day, and 2) minimize the cost of busing. The proposed procedure makes use of existing school bus data to optimize bus routes, which can be applicable for smaller cities. A revised routing plan that mixes high school and middle school students on the same buses allows the high school to start 30 minutes later while reducing total school bus operations.

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An analysis of crash data shows that the number of fatal school bus related crashes has remained nearly constant over the past ten years, despite an increase in available safety-improving technology. One of the main concerns related to school bus safety is the issue of illegally passing a stopped school bus. To improve safety around stopped school buses, this dissertation presents a Concept of Operations for a connected vehicle application to improve safety around stopped school buses using Dedicated Short Range Communication. The focus of this application is to increase awareness of stopped school buses or bus stops that are obscured from the driver's view. An on-road naturalistic driving experiment evaluated driver response to an in-vehicle message to warn drivers that they were approaching a school bus that was stopped around a curve. The dissertation concludes by using microsimulation to evaluate the impact of implementing specialized speed control algorithms to reduce vehicle speeds near bus stops along high speed roads. The simulation evaluated the effect of the reduce speed zone on travel time and emissions when the system was considered as a pre-timed speed limit and also when the system was modeled as a connected vehicle system. / Ph. D.

The effect of selected driver and instructional variables on attitude change of school bus drivers was examined. A total of 113 male and 69 female in-service Texas school bus drivers participated. The course of instruction, totaling 20 classroom hours, consisted of 11 units related to driving efficiency. Driver attitude was measured by a multiple-choice check list, administered prior to and following the course of instruction. A significant positive change occurred in those variables related to driver age, educational attainment, and number of classroom participants. Those variables involving course participation status and sex difference resulted in no significant positive attitude change. These findings may prove helpful in designing training programs for school bus drivers.

O problema de roteamento do ônibus escolar (PROE), é um importante problema de ordem prática, estudado em otimização combinatória. É formulado através de um conjunto de paradas, frotas de ônibus, escolas e garagem, onde a partir destes conjuntos, busca-se criar rotas otimizadas visando a redução do custo operacional do serviço. Este trabalho apresenta duas grandes contribuições para a melhoria da solução do PROE, sendo elas, o desenvolvimento de um algoritmo baseado na metaheurística GRASP + 2-Opt, para a geração de rotas otimizadas, e um sistema de apoio a decisão para o PROE, com a utilização de funções do Google Maps v3, para proporcionar uma visualização ágil da atual situação do problema para o administrador do sistema, isto, através do uso de marcadores de localizações para paradas de ônibus, escolas e garagem. O sistema foi testado de duas formas. A primeira, com a utilização de instâncias de referência da literatura e a segunda com uma simulação de um ambiente do mundo real. Os resultados são comparados com os principais trabalho da literatura do problema, assim conseguindo gerar soluções com uma redução significativa na quantidade de ônibus utilizados, bem como no tempo de processamento para a geração das rotas. / The school bus routing problem (SBRP) is an important practical problem, studied in combinatorial optimization. It is formulated through a set of stops, bus fleets, schools and garage, where from these sets, we seek to create optimized routes in order to reduce the operating cost of the service. This work presents two great contributions to the improvement of SBRP solution, are the following, the development of an algorithm based on GRASP + 2-Opt, for generating optimal routes and a system decision support for the SBRP, with the use of Google Maps v3 functions, to provide a agile view of the current situation of the problem to the system administrator, through the use of marker locations for bus stops, schools and garage. The system was tested in two ways. First, with the use of benchmark instances the literature and the second with a simulation of a real-world environment. The results are compared with the main work problem literature, thus achieving generate solutions with a significant reduction in the number of buses used and the computational time for generating the route.