No description available.

M.A., Faculty of Arts, University of the Witwatersrand, 1996

[No abstract submitted] / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

No description available.

<p>Syftet med det här arbetet är att få en insyn i vad förskolebarn har för tankar om de frågor som berör döden.</p><p>Frågeställningen som besvaras är: ”Vad har förskolebarn för tankar om döden?”</p><p>Kvalitativa intervjuer har skett med tio förskolebarn i åldrarna fyra till sex år vilka ligger till grund för undersökningen i arbetet. Även teckningar av barnen som förtydligar deras tankar ingår i undersökningen. Förskolebarnen tillhör samma förskola i Värmland.</p><p>Det som sägs i intervjuerna kan inte generaliseras att gälla alla förskolebarn, utan gäller enbart för de förskolebarn som intervjuerna är utförda med.</p><p>Undersökningsresultatet påvisar att förskolebarn har en öppen syn på döden. Barnen har haft tankar om det mesta som berör ämnet. Deras teckningar visade också en bred variation av tolkningar av döden.</p> / <p>The purpose of this thesis is to gain an insight into pre-school pupils’ thoughts concerning death.</p><p>The question at issue is: “What thoughts do pre-school pupils have concerning death”?</p><p>Qualitative interviews have been done with ten pre-school pupils of four to six years of age which are the foundation of this work. Drawings by the children that clarify their thoughts are also included in the thesis. The pupils all go to the same pre-school in Värmland.</p><p>Everything that is said in the interviews is only applicable to the pre-school pupils that have been interviewed and can not be generalized to apply to other pre-school children.</p><p>This thesis proves that pre-school pupils have an open mind regarding death. The children have had a wide range of thoughts on the subject. Their drawings also showed a wide range of interpretations regarding death.</p>

According to many scholars, schools are the last bastion of permitted homophobia (Beadle, 2009; Grew, 2008; as cited in Formby, 2013). Primarily using the theories of Foucault, Kristeva and Butler, the thesis uses critical theory as a means to both understand and critically analyse the construction of subjectivity within and throughout discourse in the hetero-/cis-normative institution, and how this related to the potential abjection of LGBT+ pupils. Whilst it is agreed in this thesis that LGBT+phobia is still widespread in both schools and wider society, it was found in this research that the impact of direct LGBT+phobic discrimination was less evident. Instead, the discursive spaces where LGBT+phobia had been silenced were filled with hetero-/cis-normative discourse. Concomitantly, the impact of LGBT+ invisibility, the silencing of positive discourse surrounding sexuality and the institutional rejection of performative LGBT+phobia without cultural or organisational change meant there remained a negative impact on LGBT+ young people, despite a reduction in visible LGBT+phobia (DePalma and Atkinson, 2006/2010). Through the use of short vignettes taken from a period of ethnographic research, I have used discursive reflexivity to offer an alternative discourse surrounding the LGBT+ pupil in the school. In a thesis preoccupied with language, the institutional denial of appropriate language, the lack of positive space for LGBT+ young people to construct their identity and the potential risk of abjection from the hetero-/cis-normative institution are all highlighted as points for discussion. Viewed through a critical theory lens, the exemplars used to illustrate these complex theories are chosen from 72 workshops undertaken in schools with Year Nine pupils over a the 2015 to 2016 academic year in the Merseyside region, and also from self-identified LGBT+ young people (also in Year Nine during the academic year 2015 to 2016), who were part of discussions in an LGBT+ Youth drop in based in Liverpool city centre. Intertwining academic analysis and philosophical reflection, the research finds that not only is the LGBT+ pupil abject in the school, but this abjection is threefold. It is enacted by the institution, the peer group and by the internalised LGBT+phobia of the abjected pupil. In the conclusion, it is reflected upon how the impact abjection from school continues to affect LGBT+ people into adulthood.

<p>In this study I will find out which thoughts and alternative conceptions pupils have about photosynthesis, decomposing and breeding. The method used was qualitative semi-structured interviews with pupils in preschool class and in the third grade. They were interviewed about what a flower needs in order to live, die and to propagate themselves. The result shows that the students have alternative conceptions about these issues. There are no big differences in the notions of the average classes. There is a relation between the children’s way of living and their notions.</p><p>The result shows that all 17 pupils know that the flowers need water and soil. Half of them know that it also needs sun. But only 2 pupils know that the flowers need sugar to live.</p>

Syftet med det här arbetet är att få en insyn i vad förskolebarn har för tankar om de frågor som berör döden. Frågeställningen som besvaras är: ”Vad har förskolebarn för tankar om döden?” Kvalitativa intervjuer har skett med tio förskolebarn i åldrarna fyra till sex år vilka ligger till grund för undersökningen i arbetet. Även teckningar av barnen som förtydligar deras tankar ingår i undersökningen. Förskolebarnen tillhör samma förskola i Värmland. Det som sägs i intervjuerna kan inte generaliseras att gälla alla förskolebarn, utan gäller enbart för de förskolebarn som intervjuerna är utförda med. Undersökningsresultatet påvisar att förskolebarn har en öppen syn på döden. Barnen har haft tankar om det mesta som berör ämnet. Deras teckningar visade också en bred variation av tolkningar av döden. / The purpose of this thesis is to gain an insight into pre-school pupils’ thoughts concerning death. The question at issue is: “What thoughts do pre-school pupils have concerning death”? Qualitative interviews have been done with ten pre-school pupils of four to six years of age which are the foundation of this work. Drawings by the children that clarify their thoughts are also included in the thesis. The pupils all go to the same pre-school in Värmland. Everything that is said in the interviews is only applicable to the pre-school pupils that have been interviewed and can not be generalized to apply to other pre-school children. This thesis proves that pre-school pupils have an open mind regarding death. The children have had a wide range of thoughts on the subject. Their drawings also showed a wide range of interpretations regarding death.

In this study I will find out which thoughts and alternative conceptions pupils have about photosynthesis, decomposing and breeding. The method used was qualitative semi-structured interviews with pupils in preschool class and in the third grade. They were interviewed about what a flower needs in order to live, die and to propagate themselves. The result shows that the students have alternative conceptions about these issues. There are no big differences in the notions of the average classes. There is a relation between the children’s way of living and their notions. The result shows that all 17 pupils know that the flowers need water and soil. Half of them know that it also needs sun. But only 2 pupils know that the flowers need sugar to live.

The present licentiate thesis comprises a review of Swedish and Anglo-Saxon literature on excursions and their history, followed by a study on three one-day excursions and two neighbourhood excursions, conducted by pupils at upper secondary school. The primary purpose of the thesis was to highlight the development of excursion procedures, aiming at increasing the interest of the pupils, improving their inner motivation, but also to develop the learning process. Thus, the work also attempted to identify learning models and excursion methods, furnishing pupils with a positive attitude during excursions and field studies. Article no 1 consists of a survey of Swedish (particularly in Geographical Notices) and Anglo-Saxon literature, describing and discussing how the excursion procedures have been developed, influenced, and designed. Excursions became a practiced teaching method at the beginning of the last century. The urbanization and instigation of a public school are described as incitements for arranging excursions. British as well as Swedish teaching authorities emphasized excursions in school activities in different curricula or school documents. The present study shows that arranging excursions and other activities in the field was in the interests of the teaching authorities and a number of different society instances. Excursion methods and their extent and incorporation into the school activities have been amply discussed in the excursion literature. Qualitative interviews with 50 pupils from five upper secondary schools were conducted after excursions. Observations were carried out during four of these excursions. Article II comprises one-day excursions in geography or biology, conducted by pupils in the social and natural science programs at three upper secondary schools. The methods applied in this study were group interviews and observations during two of the excursions. Two neighbourhood excursions in geography and science, performed by two upper secondary schools, were investigated, and form the foundation for article II. The neighbourhood excursions were examined by observations, 25 individual interviews, and a smaller questionnaire. The interviews generated information about how pupils perceive, experience, and interpret the applied excursion methods. Pupils have in interviews and in their questionnaire answers reported their motivation, which ranged from non-existent to a deep inner motivation. Preparations were identified as a key factor for pupils as well as teachers. The observations yielded knowledge about the focus of pupils, their attitudes and concentration level, and also how they use digital media in the field. Furthermore, the relevance of location, along with pupils’ comprehensions and experiences, created an applicable backdrop for future excursions. Careful selection of excursion locations, where pupils are able to discern correlations, was identified as important to their capability of interpreting their observations, which they afterwards might be able to transform into knowledge, inner motivation, or even flow.