Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-06-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:00:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 siqueira_af_me_bauru.pdf: 2385810 bytes, checksum: c7d225594dbddd7edac58fe3ed5cdc6c (MD5) / A pesquisa aqui apresentada visa o reconhecimento de padrões entre imagens de microscopias de diferentes tipos, adquiridas de membranas de borracha natural com aditivos metálicos. Estes estudos deram origem ao software WaveFPR (Wavelet and Fourier transforms for Pattern Recognition), criado para auxiliar na aplicação das ferramentas matemáticas envolvidas, a saber: as transformadas de Fourier e de Gabor, e também as wavelets de Haar e Daubechies. Para cada imagem processada pelo software, é gerado um conjunto de coeficientes correspondentes àquela imagem. Estes coeficientes são interprestados como uma assinatura digital da membrana; cada transformada retorna uma assinatura única para cada imagem. Estas assinaturas podem ser comparadas entre si, e esta comparação retorna informações relativas às membranas de borracha natural. O software criado oferece ainda uma interface para a utilização de técnica de emparelhamento (template matching) entre uma imagem-modelo de uma partícula metálica e uma imagem-alvo de borracha natural com aditivo metálico, com o uso dos coeficientes gerados. Do processamento de várias imagens foi construído um banco de dados com os coeficientes retirados destas imagens analisadas. Com este banco de dados e o uso da técnica de emparelhamento, são especificados os materiais constituintes de uma amostra, com o processamento da imagem pelo programa e a comparação dos resultados obtidos com os dados armazenados previamente / The research presented here aims at recognizing patterns between imagens of different types of micrsocopy, acquired from natural rubber membranes with metallic additives. These studies gave rise to the software WaveFPR (Wavelet and Fourier transforms for Pattern Recognition), created to assist in the application of the mathematical tools involved, namely: the Fourier and Gabor transforms, and also Haar and Daubechies wavelets. For each image processed by the softwary, a set of coefficients corresponding to that image is generated. These coefficients are interpreted as adigital signature of the membrane; each transform returns a unique signature to each image. These signatures can be compared to each other, and this comparison returns information about the natural rubber membranes. The software also offers an interface to use the template matching technique between a template image of a metallic particle and a target image of natural rubber with metallic additive, using the generated coefficients. A database was built with the coefficients taken from the analyzed images. This database contains information from several images. With this information and the templation matching technique, the constituent materials of a sample are specified, processing the image with the software and comparing the obtained results with the previously stores data

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abstract: This document builds a model, the Resilience Engine, of how a given sociotechnical innovation contributes to the resilience of its society, where the failure points of that process might be, and what outcomes, resilient or entropic, can be generated by the uptake of a particular innovation. Closed systems, which tend towards stagnation and collapse, are distinguished from open systems, which through ongoing encounters with external novelty, tend towards enduring resilience. Heterotopia, a space bounded from the dominant order in which novelty is generated and defended, is put forth as the locus of innovation for systemic resilience, defined as the capacity to adapt to environmental changes. The generative aspect of the Resilience Engine lies in a dialectic between a heterotopia and the dominant system across a membrane which permits interaction while maintaining the autonomy of the new space. With a model of how innovation, taken up by agents seeking power outside the dominant order, leads to resilience, and of what generates failures of the Resilience Engine as well as successes, the model is tested against cases drawn from two key virtual worlds of the mid-2000s. The cases presented largely validate the model, but generate a crucial surprise. Within those worlds, 2008-2010 saw an abrupt cultural transformation as the dialectic stage of the Resilience Engine's operation generated victories for the dominant order over promising emergent attributes of virtual heterotopia. At least one emergent practice has been assimilated, generating systemic resilience, that of the conference backchannel. A surprise, however, comes from extensive evidence that one element never problematized in thinking about innovation, the discontent agent, was largely absent from virtual worlds. Rather, what users sought was not greater agency but the comfort of submission over the burdens of self-governance. Thus, aside from minor cases, the outcome of the operation of the Resilience Engine within the virtual worlds studied was the colonization of the heterotopic space for the metropolis along with attempts by agents both external and internal to generate maximum order. Pursuant to the Resilience Engine model, this outcome is a recipe for entropic collapse and for preventing new heterotopias from arising under the current dominant means of production. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology 2013

abstract: This study takes biophysics--a relatively new field with complex origins and contested definitions--as the research focus and investigates the history of disciplinary formation in twentieth-century China. The story of building a scientific discipline in modern China illustrates how a science specialty evolved from an ambiguous and amorphous field into a full-fledged academic discipline in specific socio-institutional contexts. It focuses on archival sources and historical writings concerning the constitution and definition of biophysics in order to examine the relationship between particular scientific styles, national priorities, and institutional opportunities in the People's Republic of China. It argues that Chinese biophysicists exhibited a different style of conceiving and organizing their discipline by adapting to the institutional structure and political economy that had been created since 1949. The eight chapters demonstrate that biophysics as a scientific discipline flourished in China only where priorities of science were congruent with political and institutional imperatives. Initially consisting of cell biologists, the Chinese biophysics community redirected their disciplinary priorities toward rocket science in the late 1950s to accommodate the national need of the time. Biophysicists who had worked on biological sounding rockets were drawn to the military sector and continued to contribute to human spaceflight in post-Mao China. Besides the rocket-and-space missions which provided the material context for biophysics to expand in the late 1950s and early 1960s, Chinese biophysicists also created research and educational programs surrounding biophysics by exploiting the institutional opportunities afforded by the policy emphasis on science's role to drive modernization. Biophysics' tie to nationalistic and utilitarian goals highlights the merits of approaching modern Chinese history from disciplinary, material, and institutional perspectives. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Human and Social Dimensions of Science and Technology 2014

The forensic examination of wounds is one of the key elements of analysis performed by forensic anthropologists and forensic pathologists. Gross examination and histological analysis can be used to determine the timing of the wound and its cause. While forensic pathologists are trained to analyze hard and soft tissue wounds, forensic anthropologists, bioarchaeologists, and paleopathologists, focus on hard tissue. Forensic anthropologists have the added benefit of potentially working with residual soft tissue and would benefit from the incorporation of microscopy techniques that take advantage of the soft tissue to better understand perimortem events. Little research has been published that examines if any healing processes, the defining characteristic of an antemortem wound that do not progress beyond the time of death, are preserved within the tissues beyond death and how long they may be visible. The objectives of this study were to examine if the use of multiple stains will allow earlier visualization of healing processes in skeletal fractures than gross examination and to observe the length of time microscopic healing structures remain visible after death. A total of 224 slides from 19 specimens representing both fractured and un-fractured bones for control samples were taken from nine autopsied individuals at the Hillsborough County Medical Examiner's Office and analyzed using four stains: Hemotoxylin and eosin (H&E), trichrome, Prussian blue, and elastin stain. Slides were analyzed using a set of 14 scored variables and evaluated with nonparametric statistical tests and cluster analyses. H&E, trichrome, and elastin stains were useful in examining wound age and survival time categories were significantly different for presence of elastin and presence of hemorrhage. H&E and trichrome stains proved useful for observing residual healing structures after death and time cohorts after time of autopsy were significantly different for 11 variables. Results from this study support further testing with larger sample sizes, including samples with a wider range of survival time, to better predict survival times of fractures and time since death.

Produits industriellement dès 1910, les duralumins (alliages Al-Cu-Mg) sont les premiers alliages d'aluminium à durcissement structural ayant permis le développement de l'aéronautique. Bien que les alliages Al-Zn-Cu de la famille 7xxx et les matériaux composites soient aujourd'hui majoritaires dans la construction des avions, ces alliages Al-Cu-Mg de la famille 2xxx restent un matériau de référence pour les structures aéronautiques. Cependant, même s'il est un produit industriel récent et largement utilisé, avec une grande production de documents écrits, il existe une perte d'informations liée à la politique d'archives appliquée par les industriels. Cette perte d'information touche particulièrement les données physico-chimiques des matériaux utilisés pour la construction des avions mais aussi l'explication des choix techniques des avionneurs. La rénovation du Breguet 765 Sahara n°504 64-PH aux Ailes Anciennes Toulouse est une opportunité d'étudier les duralumins aéronautiques de la fin des années 1950. Il est possible de récupérer les pièces déposées et remplacées avant qu'elles ne soient jetées et définitivement perdues avec les informations qu'elles contiennent. En comparant l'analyse en laboratoire de ces matériaux arrivés jusqu'à nous avec les documents d'archives et la documentation actuelle, il est possible d'entreprendre un retour sur expérience. Nous pouvons envisager de comparer ce qui a été réalisé avec ce qui a été initialement prévu lors de la conception de l'avion et de compléter les données connues de ces matériaux avec les techniques d'analyses métallurgiques actuelles. Ces alliages peuvent également constituer une première référence des duralumins aéronautiques des années 1950 et contribuer à l'étude de l'évolution sur de grandes échelles de temps des propriétés mécaniques par rapport aux valeurs minimum exigées du constructeur. / Industrially produced since 1910 and used for the construction of Breguet XIV in 1916, the duralumins (Al-Cu-Mg alloys) are the first age-hardening aluminum alloys that were at the origin of the aeronautics development. Although Al-Zn-Cu alloys of the 7xxx family and composite materials are more widely used today, these Al-Cu-Mg alloys of the 2xxx family remain a reference material for aircraft structures. However, although it is an industrial material, with a large production of written documents, the archiving policy applied by manufacturers causes a loss of information. There is thus a difficulty to retrieve pertinent chemical and physical data of material used in aircraft construction, but also to understand the choices made about the material and process used by the manufacturers. The renovation of the Breguet 765 Sahara n°504 64-PH by the association Ailes Anciennes Toulouse is an opportunity to study aeronautical duralumins of the late 1950s. It is possible to recover elements need to be replaced before they are permanently lost, with the information contained therein. By comparing laboratory analysis with archival and current literature, it is possible to give a feedback on these ancient materials. We can compare what was done with what was originally planned in the design of the aircraft and complete the known data of these materials with current metallurgical technical analysis. These alloys can also be a first reference for aeronautical duralumins of the 1950s and contribute to the study of the long-term evolution of mechanical properties compared to minimum values ??required by the manufacturer.

Os Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos (PCTs) são considerados instrumentos de política de apoio à inovação e transferência de tecnologia. Os parques procuram oferecer uma infra-estrutura física e organizacional favorável ao estabelecimento de empresas de base tecnológica que se beneficiam dos resultados das aglomerações dessas empresas. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma arquitetura de um modelo inovador para financiamento de Parques Científicos e Tecnológicos no Brasil. A proposição do novo modelo explora o potencial dos fundos de investimento como mecanismo de financiamento para os parques. A arquitetura do novo modelo apresentado neste trabalho utilizou uma estrutura norteada pelos moldes de um project finance associada ao uso do Fundo de Investimento em Participações (FIP), e o Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário (FII), como fontes de obtenção de recursos para o financiamento do empreendimento. A metodologia utilizada neste trabalho foi pesquisa-ação que contou com uma etapa de ensaio e avaliação do novo modelo. / The Science and Technology Parks (STPs) are considered useful instruments to promote innovation and transfer of technology. These parks usually offer well developed Real Estate and Research (R&D) infrastructure for the organizations and for Technology Based Firms (TBFs). The firms located in these parks can acquire strategic benefits from the effects of clustering. The main objective of this research is to propose an innovative model for the finance of STPs in Brazil. The proposed model is based on the use of private equity and real estate funds as mechanisms of finance for these parks. The model proposed in this research uses the project finance concept combined with the Brazilian Fundo de Investimento em Participações (FIP, a private equity fund) and the Fundo de Investimento Imobiliário (FII, a real estate fund). The main methodology used in this work was action research that included the testing phase and the evaluation of the model by specialists in the field.

Os parques tecnológicos surgiram como uma tentativa de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento em aumentar o padrão de competitividade por meio do suporte a inovação tecnológica em ambientes desenhados especificamente para isto. No Brasil, os parques tecnológicos foram uma resposta tardia, dos anos 2000, a um movimento que já ocorria em diversos países do mundo há algumas décadas. O desenvolvimento de novos parques tecnológicos a partir dos anos 2000 nos faz levantar a seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: qual o atual cenário de parques tecnológicos brasileiros? Quais possuem atributos que lhe trazem potencial para desenvolvimento em global? Qual o papel do governo no suporte ao surgimento e desenvolvimento de parques tecnológicos? A partir da montagem de um quadro conceitual e da análise de cada instituição que terceiros chamam de parque tecnológico no Brasil, pudemos identificar o grau de novidade que tais instituições possuem no Brasil, bem como alguns parques que, sob a luz de nosso quadro conceitual, possuem atributos que podem lhes permitir galgar elevado grau de desenvolvimento. O estudo também nos mostra que políticas públicas federais de fomento aos parques tecnológicos foram e são essenciais para o desenvolvimento dessas instituições no país. Apresento, a partir de meticuloso estudo qualitativo, o atual cenário de parques tecnológicos no Brasil, estudos aprofundados sobre os parques mais avançados, e alguns dos desafios para o governo no que tange ao desenvolvimento de política pública com maior especificidade segundo o tipo de parque tecnológico e seu grau de desenvolvimento. / Technology parks have emerged as an attempt to developed and developing countries improve their competitiveness standard through supporting technological innovation in environments designed specifically for this reason. In Brazil, technology parks are a late response (emerged on 2000s) for a movement which started in other countries in the second half of XX century. The development of new technology parks since early in 2000s are the inspiration for our main research questions: What is the current scenario of technology parks in Brazil? Which technology parks have attributes which bring them potential for their development in global level? What is the role of government in supporting the emergence and the development of technology parks in Brazil? From the assembly of a conceptual framework and from the analysis of each institution that third parties call technology parks in Brazil, we identify the degree of novelty that such institutions have in Brazil, as well as some parks that, under our conceptual framework, have the attributes that can enable them to climb high levels of development. Our study also shows that federal policies to promote technology parks were and are essential for their advance in Brazil. We bring, from a meticulous qualitative study, the current scenario of technology parks in Brazil, and case studies of the most advanced technology parks, shedding light on some of the challenges to the government regarding the development of a public policy with greater focus on the kind of technology park, according to each degree of development.

Essa pesquisa demonstra que a biotecnologia é uma atividade econômica essencialmente baseada na interdependência de atores das esferas mercado, ciência e Estado. A empresa privada depende do conhecimento da academia e de financiamento para inovação e regulação do Estado para produzir bens e serviços. Universidades e institutos fazem pesquisa utilizando recursos públicos e privados. E governos, agências e comitês formulam políticas de CT&I e respondem pela estrutura de regulação, atividade que precisam estar afinadas com empresas e academia para que sejam efetivas. Compreender a biotecnologia passa pelo entendimento desse complexo de interdependências, por isso as três esferas são utilizadas como recurso analítico nessa tese. O segundo aspecto importante da pesquisa é que seria inapropriado falar em um setor de biotecnologia. São atividades biotecnológicas com aplicações em diferentes áreas da economia (setor privado em saúde, bioenergia e agricultura), que provêm de diferentes áreas de conhecimento (agronomia, ciências biológicas e da saúde) e que precisam de políticas públicas específicas (para medicamentos, biocombustíveis e alimentos), e não genéricas (como políticas para biotecnologia). Condição para discutir esses dois aspectos é construir a biotecnologia como um objeto empírico de pesquisa, organizando informações sobre ele com métodos e técnicas consistentes e fornecendo uma base estatística inteligível no debate público, algo que não acontece atualmente no Brasil. Para tanto essa pesquisa: a) define o conjunto de empresas com atividades biotecnológicas no Brasil e apresenta suas características; b) seleciona áreas de conhecimento relacionadas à biotecnologia e dimensiona seu potencial de produção científica; c) organiza informações sobre políticas públicas e regulação voltadas a biotecnologia no país para entender as estratégias que impactam essa atividade econômica / This thesis shows how biotechnology is essentially a business based on market, science and State. In order to produce goods and services, private firms depend on knowledge from academia and funding for innovation and regulation rules from the government. Universities and research institutes rely on public and private funding for research. And governments, agencies and public committees are responsible for policy-making in STI and for the regulation framework that directly impact companies and academia. Understanding biotechnology requires therefore an understanding of this relational complex of interdependencies the reason why the three spheres are used as an analytical framework in this thesis. The second topic to be highlighted is that it would be inappropriate to use the notion of a \"biotechnology industry\". We argue that biotechnology is based upon activities with applications in different economic industries (health, agriculture and bioenergy), is supported by several scientific areas of knowledge (agronomy, biological and health sciences) and needs specific STI and industrial policies (for medicines, food and biofuels, e.g.) rather than general ones (such as a \"biotech policy\"). In order to deal with these two topics, we must design biotechnology as an empirical and well-defined research object to build up a consistent statistical basis about biotech something that currently is missing in the Brazilian public debate. This task includes: a) defining the set of firms with biotech activities in Brazil and presenting its features; b) selecting areas of knowledge related to biotechnology and measuring its scientific research potential; c) organizing information about public policies and regulation issues on biotechnology in Brazil in order to understand how they impact on the biotech business

Orientador: Sérgio Salles Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T03:55:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vieira_David_M.pdf: 1196811 bytes, checksum: ae87eb942fd4f1850b218f37b2f4b1eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010 / Resumo: O objetivo desta dissertação está em identificar evidências pelas quais a Política recente de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Estado de São Paulo vêm incorporando a questão do desenvolvimento regional e qual o papel que essa desempenha para o sucesso do desenvolvimento social e econômico das regiões paulistas. A análise da literatura e de dados empíricos converge para a identificação de uma nova política de Desenvolvimento Regional para o Estado de São Paulo e suas microrregiões. Essa nova política tem na CT&I uma ferramenta essencial, capaz de gerar e agregar valor ao setor produtivo e assegurar a apropriação do conhecimento e da renda produzida à região. O principal resultado da dissertação está em identificar a relação entre proximidade geográfica, a formação de recursos humanos e geração de conhecimento, e a presença de setor produtivo, como variáveis chave para o sucesso de políticas de desenvolvimento regional / Abstract: The aim of this dissertation is to identify evidences for which the recent Science, Technology and Innovation Policy of São Paulo State is incorporating regional development issues and what role it plays in the success of social and economic development in São Paulo regions. The literature review and empirical data converges to the identification of a new policy of Regional Development for Sao Paulo State and its microregions. This new policy has science, technology and innovation (STI) as its main tool. STI is capable for generating and adding value to productive sector and ensures appropriation of knowledge and income produced in the region. The main result of this dissertation is to identify the relationship between geographical proximity, the formation of human resources and knowledge generation, and the presence of the productive sector, as key variables for the success of regional development policies / Mestrado / Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica