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This paper scientometrically investigates concentration in economics between 1956 and 2016 using a large-scale data set. It is revealed that economics is highly concentrated along six dimensions: articles, journals, regions, institutions, authors, and paradigms. North America accounts for half of all published articles and three quarters of all citations, while the top twenty academic institutions reap a share of 42 percent of all citations. The top 100 authors alone receive a share of 15 percent. Five journals account for 27.7 percent of all citations and only 8 percent of all articles, and 3 percent of all citations may be attributed to heterodox schools of thought. The overall Gini coefficient for the distribution of citations among articles is 0.72. Generally, concentration is found to increase towards the top of the discipline and to be higher and more persistent on the level of citations than on the level of articles. Concentration has increased over the last few decades, with the strongest increases occurring already until the 1970s. / Series: Ecological Economic Papers

Research Article / This paper analyses publication output in the field of camel research as indexed in CAB Direct Online database covering the period 1963 – 2012. It reports on India’s comparative strength in world science and technology (S&T) output in this field. It is observed that a total of 4,923 publications were published during the year 1963 to 2012 as per CAB Direct Online. The average number of publications published per year was 98 papers. The highest number of papers i.e. 256 was published in the year 2012. The spurt in literature output was reported during 2000-2012. India is the top producing country with 354 papers (7.19%) followed by Egypt with 284 papers (5.76%). The top five most preferred journals by the scientists were: Journal of Camel Practice and Research with 641 papers (13.02%) followed by Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal with 193 papers 3.92%), Indian Journal of Animal Sciences with 186 papers (3.77%), Indian Veterinary Journal with 164 papers (3.33%) and Revue d’Ejevage et de Medecine Veterinaire des Pays Tropicaus with 92 papers 1.87%). The top medium of communication is journal article with 4,164 papers (84.58%) followed by conference papers with 209 papers (4.25%). English was the most predominant language used by the scientists for communication with 4496 papers (91.32%). The prolific author is Gahlot, T.K. who contributed 173 papers (3.51%) followed by Faye, B. with 108 papers (2.19%).

Orientador: Edberto Ferneda / Banca: Raimundo Nonato dos Santos / Banca: Silvana Aparecida Borsetti Gregório Vidotti / Resumo: A Sociologia da Ciência ou os Estudos Sociais da Ciência têm procurado analisar a estrutura das disciplinas científicas em relação às suas práticas sociais, procurando oferecer novas perspectivas sobre a construção do saber e o desenvolvimento científico e tecnológico. Um conceito importante para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho é o de comunidade científica caracterizada pela prática de uma especialidade, por uma formação teórica comum, pela circulação abundante de informação no interior do grupo. Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar a pesquisa brasileira em Web Semântica, considerado um tema na fronteira de pesquisa de duas matrizes disciplinares: a Ciência da Computação e a Ciência da Informação. Optou-se por um estudo cienciométrico, tendo como fonte para coleta dos dados o Curriculum Lattes de pesquisadores doutores e nas dissertações e teses defendidas sobre Web Semântica e suas tecnologias. A integração entre comunidades científicas formadas em matrizes disciplinares diferentes encontra um ambiente favorável nos espaços de fronteira que demarcam as matrizes disciplinares. Comprova-se isso ao observar-se a comunidade pesquisadora sobre Web Semântica no Brasil, composta por pesquisadores de diversas matrizes como a Lingüística, a Ciência da Informação e a Ciência da Computação. / Abstract: Science is a critical and dynamic social activity whose objective is the knowledge production on different aspects of the nature. An important concept for the development of this work is of scholarly community characterized by the practical one of a specialty, for a common theoretical formation, the abundant circulation of information in the interior of the group. This study it has for objective to characterize the Brazilian research in Semantic Web, considered a subject in the border of research of two matrices discipline matrices the Computer Science and the Information Science. It was opted to a scientometrics study, having as source of the data the Curriculum Lattes of doctors. The integration between scholarly communities formed in matrices of different disciplines finds a favorable environment in the scientific boundaries that demarcate the discipline matrices Observing that researching community on Semantic Web in Brazil, composed for researchers of diverse matrices as Linguistics, Information Science and Computer Science. / Mestre

Higher Education Institutions (HEIs), whose basic aim is the contribution of scientific developments and providing services have been showing an increasing interest in evaluation of productivity and quality. In fact, productivity and quality evaluation is essential for all type of organizations since the evaluation helps organization to set short and long term goals by defining the current situations, future expectations and the roadmap to fulfill these expectations. The studies on evaluation of academic productivity and quality have led to development of new academic fields such as Bibliometrics, Scientometrics and Informetrics. Consequently, new academic journals specialized on these disciplines have emerged. Moreover, during the last twenty years, as an outcome of these new emerging academic fields, several university ranking systems have been developed both at national and global level. Although these university ranking systems have attracted attention / they have been criticized due to a number of issues such as inappropriateness of indicators chosen, scoring procedure adopted, etc. In this study, an academic performance evaluation and ranking system has been developed and implemented. The new system which processes about 2,000 world universities is based on data from non subjective, reliable and universally accepted online sources. The scoring procedure includes statistical analysis and data has been collected via a tool developed for this purpose to eliminate human errors.

Research Article / This paper intends to observe and compare the R&D output on ‘Buffaloes’ by the researchers in India and Pakistan. The chosen study period is 55 years (1955-2009) and CAB Direct Online is the source database for this research. During the period (1955 – 2009) a total of 9,096 and 706 publications were published by the scientists of India and Pakistan respectively on buffalo research and India is the top producing country with 9,096 papers (92.80%) followed by Pakistan with 706 papers (7.20%). The average number of publications published per year by India and Pakistan were 165 and 12 respectively. The spurt in the literature output of India and Pakistan were reported during 2001-2009 and 1991-2000 respectively. The study also reports the most preferred journals and most productive authors in India and Pakistan. This study also provides an inventory and scientometric dimensions of publications on buffalo research by India and Pakistan.

Esta pesquisa trata de um estudo exploratório sobre a produção científica brasileira em Neurociências, com base nos artigos indexados na Web of Science no período de 2006 a 2013. Utiliza indicadores bibliométricos de produção, colaboração, impacto e de associação temática e os softwares BibExcel, Excel, Philcarto, SPSS e VOSviewer para visualizar características da área. No referencial teórico são apresentadas breves contextualizações sobre comunicação científica e indicadores bibliométricos, histórico da ciência e da Neurociências no Brasil, além de análises bibliométricas da área realizadas em outros países. A ausência de estudos com enfoque bibliométrico sobre a Neurociências brasileira se coloca como uma das justificativas da pesquisa. O corpus principal do estudo é composto por 9655 artigos e 57932 trabalhos constituem o corpus de documentos citantes. Constata crescimento linear da produção brasileira no período da pesquisa, com índice de crescimento maior do que a produção científica mundial da área; porcentagem de artigos publicados em inglês, em geral, maior do que para outras áreas de pesquisa, e preferência dos neurocientistas brasileiros por publicar seus trabalhos em periódicos estrangeiros em contrapartida à existência de publicações em português e em periódicos nacionais ligados a um único foco de pesquisa – a Psiquiatria. Psiquiatria, junto com Neurociências e Neurologia Clínica são as disciplinas de pesquisa com maior frequência na pesquisa brasileira de Neurociências, seguidas pela Farmacologia & Farmácia, Cirurgia, Bioquímica & Biologia Molecular e Ciências do Comportamento. A Ciências do Comportamento, presente na definição de autores brasileiros sobre a área, demonstra possuir significativa relevância no escopo nacional (maior do que a indicada em outros países) e se diferencia das demais ciências em seus modos de produção de artigos. Já as áreas comumente voltadas ao estudo de doenças degenerativas (Genética & Hereditariedade, Oncologia, Enfermagem, Abuso de Substâncias, Bioquímica & Biologia Molecular, Psicologia e Farmacologia & Farmácia) possuem similaridade quanto à frequência de produção e impacto, quando voltadas às pesquisas em Neurociências. A pesquisa em Neurociências se mostra transdisciplinar, visto que abrange estudos publicados em 71 áreas distintas, segundo classificação dos periódicos na Web of Science. Os modos de produção da área também se mostram transdisciplinares quando analisados no escopo dos temas de pesquisa, que se bifurcam em temas ligados à pesquisa básica e experimental e à pesquisa clínica. Além disso, a produção científica brasileira em Neurociências se mostra bastante concentrada em um número reduzido de autores, regiões do país e, principalmente, instituições, sendo a maior parte advinda de universidades públicas do país, de estados do sudeste e sul, porém com maior participação do setor privado do que a observada em outras áreas do conhecimento (principalmente universidades e hospitais privados). A colaboração ocorre em 98,57% da produção científica brasileira de Neurociências, sendo 60,79% colaboração interinstitucional e 29,4%, internacional. Os principais parceiros do Brasil na colaboração internacional são EUA, Colômbia, Argentina e Reino Unido, e as citações são recebidas de autores vinculados a instituições de todos os continentes do globo. / The research is an exploratory study on the Brazilian scientific production in Neurosciences, based on the indexed articles in Web of Science from 2006 to 2013. It uses bibliometric indicators of production, collaboration, impact and thematic association and makes use of software such as BibExcel, Excel, Philcarto, SPSS and VOSviewer to display characteristics of the area. The theoretical framework presents brief contextualization of scientific communication and bibliometric indicators, history of science and Neuroscience in Brazil, also including bibliometric analyzes of the area conducted in other countries. The absence of bibliometric focused studies on the Brazilian Neuroscience stands as one of the justifications of this research. The main corpus of the study is constituted by 9655 articles and 57 932 papers constitute the corpus of citing documents. The research observed a linear growth of Brazilian production during the period of the survey, with an index of growth greater than the global scientific production in the area; it was also shown that the percentage of articles published in English, in general, is higher than for other areas of research; and that there is a preference of Brazilian neuroscientists to publish their work in international journals in contrast with the existence of publications in Portuguese and in national periodicals related to a single focus of research - Psychiatry. Psychiatry and Neuroscience, along with Clinical Neurology, are the research disciplines with higher frequency on Brazilian Neuroscience research, followed by Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Surgery, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Behavioral Sciences. The Behavioral Sciences, present in the definition of Brazilian authors on the area, seem to have significant relevance in the national scope (greater relevance than the indicated in other countries) and differs from the other sciences in their modes of production of articles. The areas commonly geared to the study of degenerative diseases (Genetics & Heredity, Oncology, Nursing, Substance Abuse, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Psychology and Pharmacology & Pharmacy) are similar in their frequency of production and impact when directed to researches in Neuroscience. Research in neuroscience shows to be a transdisciplinary endeavor, as it covers studies published in 71 different areas according to the classification of journals on Web of Science. The modes of production in the area also show transdisciplinarity when analyzed in the scope of research topics, which bisect into topics related to basic and experimental research and clinical research. In addition, the Brazilian scientific production in Neuroscience proves to be quite concentrated in a small number of authors, regions of the country and, specially, in institutions, most of which arising from public universities in the south and southeastern states of the country, but with greater participation of the private sector than observed in other areas of knowledge (mainly universities and private hospitals). Collaboration occurs in 98.57% of the Brazilian scientific production in Neurosciences, inter-institutional collaboration occurs in 60.79% of the papers and international collaboration occurs in 29.4%. The main partners of Brazil in international collaboration are USA, Colombia, Argentina and the United Kingdom, and the quotations are received from authors linked to institutions worldwide.

abstract: Systems biology studies complex biological systems. It is an interdisciplinary field, with biologists working with non-biologists such as computer scientists, engineers, chemists, and mathematicians to address research problems applying systems’ perspectives. How these different researchers and their disciplines differently contributed to the advancement of this field over time is a question worth examining. Did systems biology become a systems-oriented science or a biology-oriented science from 1992 to 2013? This project utilized computational tools to analyze large data sets and interpreted the results from historical and philosophical perspectives. Tools deployed were derived from scientometrics, corpus linguistics, text-based analysis, network analysis, and GIS analysis to analyze more than 9000 articles (metadata and text) on systems biology. The application of these tools to a HPS project represents a novel approach. The dissertation shows that systems biology has transitioned from a more mathematical, computational, and engineering-oriented discipline focusing on modeling to a more biology-oriented discipline that uses modeling as a means to address real biological problems. Also, the results show that bioengineering and medical research has increased within systems biology. This is reflected in the increase of the centrality of biology-related concepts such as cancer, over time. The dissertation also compares the development of systems biology in China with some other parts of the world, and reveals regional differences, such as a unique trajectory of systems biology in China related to a focus on traditional Chinese medicine. This dissertation adds to the historiography of modern biology where few studies have focused on systems biology compared with the history of molecular biology and evolutionary biology. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Biology 2016

Esta pesquisa trata de um estudo exploratório sobre a produção científica brasileira em Neurociências, com base nos artigos indexados na Web of Science no período de 2006 a 2013. Utiliza indicadores bibliométricos de produção, colaboração, impacto e de associação temática e os softwares BibExcel, Excel, Philcarto, SPSS e VOSviewer para visualizar características da área. No referencial teórico são apresentadas breves contextualizações sobre comunicação científica e indicadores bibliométricos, histórico da ciência e da Neurociências no Brasil, além de análises bibliométricas da área realizadas em outros países. A ausência de estudos com enfoque bibliométrico sobre a Neurociências brasileira se coloca como uma das justificativas da pesquisa. O corpus principal do estudo é composto por 9655 artigos e 57932 trabalhos constituem o corpus de documentos citantes. Constata crescimento linear da produção brasileira no período da pesquisa, com índice de crescimento maior do que a produção científica mundial da área; porcentagem de artigos publicados em inglês, em geral, maior do que para outras áreas de pesquisa, e preferência dos neurocientistas brasileiros por publicar seus trabalhos em periódicos estrangeiros em contrapartida à existência de publicações em português e em periódicos nacionais ligados a um único foco de pesquisa – a Psiquiatria. Psiquiatria, junto com Neurociências e Neurologia Clínica são as disciplinas de pesquisa com maior frequência na pesquisa brasileira de Neurociências, seguidas pela Farmacologia & Farmácia, Cirurgia, Bioquímica & Biologia Molecular e Ciências do Comportamento. A Ciências do Comportamento, presente na definição de autores brasileiros sobre a área, demonstra possuir significativa relevância no escopo nacional (maior do que a indicada em outros países) e se diferencia das demais ciências em seus modos de produção de artigos. Já as áreas comumente voltadas ao estudo de doenças degenerativas (Genética & Hereditariedade, Oncologia, Enfermagem, Abuso de Substâncias, Bioquímica & Biologia Molecular, Psicologia e Farmacologia & Farmácia) possuem similaridade quanto à frequência de produção e impacto, quando voltadas às pesquisas em Neurociências. A pesquisa em Neurociências se mostra transdisciplinar, visto que abrange estudos publicados em 71 áreas distintas, segundo classificação dos periódicos na Web of Science. Os modos de produção da área também se mostram transdisciplinares quando analisados no escopo dos temas de pesquisa, que se bifurcam em temas ligados à pesquisa básica e experimental e à pesquisa clínica. Além disso, a produção científica brasileira em Neurociências se mostra bastante concentrada em um número reduzido de autores, regiões do país e, principalmente, instituições, sendo a maior parte advinda de universidades públicas do país, de estados do sudeste e sul, porém com maior participação do setor privado do que a observada em outras áreas do conhecimento (principalmente universidades e hospitais privados). A colaboração ocorre em 98,57% da produção científica brasileira de Neurociências, sendo 60,79% colaboração interinstitucional e 29,4%, internacional. Os principais parceiros do Brasil na colaboração internacional são EUA, Colômbia, Argentina e Reino Unido, e as citações são recebidas de autores vinculados a instituições de todos os continentes do globo. / The research is an exploratory study on the Brazilian scientific production in Neurosciences, based on the indexed articles in Web of Science from 2006 to 2013. It uses bibliometric indicators of production, collaboration, impact and thematic association and makes use of software such as BibExcel, Excel, Philcarto, SPSS and VOSviewer to display characteristics of the area. The theoretical framework presents brief contextualization of scientific communication and bibliometric indicators, history of science and Neuroscience in Brazil, also including bibliometric analyzes of the area conducted in other countries. The absence of bibliometric focused studies on the Brazilian Neuroscience stands as one of the justifications of this research. The main corpus of the study is constituted by 9655 articles and 57 932 papers constitute the corpus of citing documents. The research observed a linear growth of Brazilian production during the period of the survey, with an index of growth greater than the global scientific production in the area; it was also shown that the percentage of articles published in English, in general, is higher than for other areas of research; and that there is a preference of Brazilian neuroscientists to publish their work in international journals in contrast with the existence of publications in Portuguese and in national periodicals related to a single focus of research - Psychiatry. Psychiatry and Neuroscience, along with Clinical Neurology, are the research disciplines with higher frequency on Brazilian Neuroscience research, followed by Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Surgery, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Behavioral Sciences. The Behavioral Sciences, present in the definition of Brazilian authors on the area, seem to have significant relevance in the national scope (greater relevance than the indicated in other countries) and differs from the other sciences in their modes of production of articles. The areas commonly geared to the study of degenerative diseases (Genetics & Heredity, Oncology, Nursing, Substance Abuse, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Psychology and Pharmacology & Pharmacy) are similar in their frequency of production and impact when directed to researches in Neuroscience. Research in neuroscience shows to be a transdisciplinary endeavor, as it covers studies published in 71 different areas according to the classification of journals on Web of Science. The modes of production in the area also show transdisciplinarity when analyzed in the scope of research topics, which bisect into topics related to basic and experimental research and clinical research. In addition, the Brazilian scientific production in Neuroscience proves to be quite concentrated in a small number of authors, regions of the country and, specially, in institutions, most of which arising from public universities in the south and southeastern states of the country, but with greater participation of the private sector than observed in other areas of knowledge (mainly universities and private hospitals). Collaboration occurs in 98.57% of the Brazilian scientific production in Neurosciences, inter-institutional collaboration occurs in 60.79% of the papers and international collaboration occurs in 29.4%. The main partners of Brazil in international collaboration are USA, Colombia, Argentina and the United Kingdom, and the quotations are received from authors linked to institutions worldwide.

Esta pesquisa trata de um estudo exploratório sobre a produção científica brasileira em Neurociências, com base nos artigos indexados na Web of Science no período de 2006 a 2013. Utiliza indicadores bibliométricos de produção, colaboração, impacto e de associação temática e os softwares BibExcel, Excel, Philcarto, SPSS e VOSviewer para visualizar características da área. No referencial teórico são apresentadas breves contextualizações sobre comunicação científica e indicadores bibliométricos, histórico da ciência e da Neurociências no Brasil, além de análises bibliométricas da área realizadas em outros países. A ausência de estudos com enfoque bibliométrico sobre a Neurociências brasileira se coloca como uma das justificativas da pesquisa. O corpus principal do estudo é composto por 9655 artigos e 57932 trabalhos constituem o corpus de documentos citantes. Constata crescimento linear da produção brasileira no período da pesquisa, com índice de crescimento maior do que a produção científica mundial da área; porcentagem de artigos publicados em inglês, em geral, maior do que para outras áreas de pesquisa, e preferência dos neurocientistas brasileiros por publicar seus trabalhos em periódicos estrangeiros em contrapartida à existência de publicações em português e em periódicos nacionais ligados a um único foco de pesquisa – a Psiquiatria. Psiquiatria, junto com Neurociências e Neurologia Clínica são as disciplinas de pesquisa com maior frequência na pesquisa brasileira de Neurociências, seguidas pela Farmacologia & Farmácia, Cirurgia, Bioquímica & Biologia Molecular e Ciências do Comportamento. A Ciências do Comportamento, presente na definição de autores brasileiros sobre a área, demonstra possuir significativa relevância no escopo nacional (maior do que a indicada em outros países) e se diferencia das demais ciências em seus modos de produção de artigos. Já as áreas comumente voltadas ao estudo de doenças degenerativas (Genética & Hereditariedade, Oncologia, Enfermagem, Abuso de Substâncias, Bioquímica & Biologia Molecular, Psicologia e Farmacologia & Farmácia) possuem similaridade quanto à frequência de produção e impacto, quando voltadas às pesquisas em Neurociências. A pesquisa em Neurociências se mostra transdisciplinar, visto que abrange estudos publicados em 71 áreas distintas, segundo classificação dos periódicos na Web of Science. Os modos de produção da área também se mostram transdisciplinares quando analisados no escopo dos temas de pesquisa, que se bifurcam em temas ligados à pesquisa básica e experimental e à pesquisa clínica. Além disso, a produção científica brasileira em Neurociências se mostra bastante concentrada em um número reduzido de autores, regiões do país e, principalmente, instituições, sendo a maior parte advinda de universidades públicas do país, de estados do sudeste e sul, porém com maior participação do setor privado do que a observada em outras áreas do conhecimento (principalmente universidades e hospitais privados). A colaboração ocorre em 98,57% da produção científica brasileira de Neurociências, sendo 60,79% colaboração interinstitucional e 29,4%, internacional. Os principais parceiros do Brasil na colaboração internacional são EUA, Colômbia, Argentina e Reino Unido, e as citações são recebidas de autores vinculados a instituições de todos os continentes do globo. / The research is an exploratory study on the Brazilian scientific production in Neurosciences, based on the indexed articles in Web of Science from 2006 to 2013. It uses bibliometric indicators of production, collaboration, impact and thematic association and makes use of software such as BibExcel, Excel, Philcarto, SPSS and VOSviewer to display characteristics of the area. The theoretical framework presents brief contextualization of scientific communication and bibliometric indicators, history of science and Neuroscience in Brazil, also including bibliometric analyzes of the area conducted in other countries. The absence of bibliometric focused studies on the Brazilian Neuroscience stands as one of the justifications of this research. The main corpus of the study is constituted by 9655 articles and 57 932 papers constitute the corpus of citing documents. The research observed a linear growth of Brazilian production during the period of the survey, with an index of growth greater than the global scientific production in the area; it was also shown that the percentage of articles published in English, in general, is higher than for other areas of research; and that there is a preference of Brazilian neuroscientists to publish their work in international journals in contrast with the existence of publications in Portuguese and in national periodicals related to a single focus of research - Psychiatry. Psychiatry and Neuroscience, along with Clinical Neurology, are the research disciplines with higher frequency on Brazilian Neuroscience research, followed by Pharmacology & Pharmacy, Surgery, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Behavioral Sciences. The Behavioral Sciences, present in the definition of Brazilian authors on the area, seem to have significant relevance in the national scope (greater relevance than the indicated in other countries) and differs from the other sciences in their modes of production of articles. The areas commonly geared to the study of degenerative diseases (Genetics & Heredity, Oncology, Nursing, Substance Abuse, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Psychology and Pharmacology & Pharmacy) are similar in their frequency of production and impact when directed to researches in Neuroscience. Research in neuroscience shows to be a transdisciplinary endeavor, as it covers studies published in 71 different areas according to the classification of journals on Web of Science. The modes of production in the area also show transdisciplinarity when analyzed in the scope of research topics, which bisect into topics related to basic and experimental research and clinical research. In addition, the Brazilian scientific production in Neuroscience proves to be quite concentrated in a small number of authors, regions of the country and, specially, in institutions, most of which arising from public universities in the south and southeastern states of the country, but with greater participation of the private sector than observed in other areas of knowledge (mainly universities and private hospitals). Collaboration occurs in 98.57% of the Brazilian scientific production in Neurosciences, inter-institutional collaboration occurs in 60.79% of the papers and international collaboration occurs in 29.4%. The main partners of Brazil in international collaboration are USA, Colombia, Argentina and the United Kingdom, and the quotations are received from authors linked to institutions worldwide.