Sedan etableringen 2017 har en drastisk ökning av elscootrar skett i Sverige och framförallt i Stockholms innerstad. Denna radikala förändring inom färdmedel har skakat om den rådande trafikmiljön. Olyckor och parkeringsproblematik har stått i fokus för medias rapportering kring fenomenet. Syftet med denna rapport är att undersöka hur företagen som utvecklar elscootrar arbetar med säkerhet för användarna och anpassar sin produktutveckling efter svenska lagar och trafikregler. Studien behandlar även hur man på ett säkert sätt kan integrera nya färdmedel i samhället. För att lägga en grund för arbetet har en litteraturstudie genomförts och en teoretisk referensram tagits fram. Informationsinsamlingen har skett genom kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med tre företag som utvecklar eller hanterar elscootrar, ansvarig för elscootrar på Stockholms Stad samt respondenter från Transportstyrelsen med regeringsuppdraget Att utreda behov av förenklade regler av eldrivna enpersonsfordon. Intervjuerna har transkriberats, kodats, delats upp i teman och analyserats. Idag är de flesta elscootrar som finns i Stockholm klassificerade som cyklar. Detta innebär utöver krav på bland annat broms och ringklocka att maxhastigheten ej får överstiga 20 km/h och motoreffekten max får vara 250 W. Flera aktörer ser en problematik i detta och en gemensam önskan hos alla respondenter är att hitta en klassificering som ger tydlighet för vad som gäller, reder ut oklarheter och främjar utvecklingen av färdmedlet. Resultatet av studien har visat att ett stort fokus ligger på säkerhet i utvecklingsprocessen och en stor del av arbetet med säkerheten sker i utvärderingsfasen. Utvecklingen sker inkrementellt för att ständigt förbättra säkerheten hos elscootrarna och förhindra att olyckor sker. Idag arbetar företag med en mer linjär process men för att hantera framtida utmaningar skulle en mer agil process kunna främja produktutvecklingen. Då att fenomenet med elscootrar fortfarande är nytt så är olycksstatistiken som finns ytterst begränsad. Den som finns pekar dock på att olycksgraden med elscootrar involverade inte är högre än för traditionella cyklar. Studien visar också att det sker en dialog mellan Stockholms Stad och de ledande scooter-företagen i Stockholm för att på ett säkert sätt integrera färdmedlet i stadstrafiken. / Since its establishment in 2017, there has been a dramatic increase of e-scooters in Sweden and especially in Stockholm city. This radical change in transport has shaken the current traffic environment. Accidents and parking problems have been the focus of media reporting of the phenomenon. The purpose of this report is to investigate how the companies that develop e-scooters work with safety for the users and adapt their product development to Swedish laws and traffic rules. The study also deals with how to safely integrate new means of transport into society. In order to lay a foundation, a literature study has been conducted and a theoretical frame of reference has been developed. Information was gathered through qualitative semi-structured interviews with three companies that develop e-scooters, responsible for e-scooters in Stockholms Stad and respondents from the Swedish Transport Agency with a government assignment to clarify the situation. The interviews have been transcribed, coded, subdivided into themes and analyzed. Today, most e-scooters in Stockholm are classified as bicycles. This means, in addition to requirements for brake and bell, that the speed must not exceed 20 km/h and the engine power must be no more than 250 W. Several affecting parties consider this classification problematic and a common wish among all interviewed respondents is to find a classification or approach to the e-scooters that gives clarity for which rules that applies, clarifies ambiguities and promotes future development of the e-scooters. The results of the study have shown that a large focus in the development process is on safety and a large part of the work to enhance safety takes place during the evaluation phase. The development is incremental in order to constantly improve the safety for the users of the e-scooters and prevent accidents from happening. Today, companies are working with a relatively linear development process, but in order to handle future challenges, a more agile work process could promote product development. Since the phenomenon of e-scooters is still new, the accident statistics are very limited. However, the statistics that exist point out that the accident rates with e-scooters involved is not higher than for traditional bicycles. The study also shows that there is a dialogue between Stockholms Stad and the leading scooter companies in Stockholm in order to safely integrate the means of transport into city traffic.

Background: Provide insights on the potential drivers of service loyalty in access-based services, especially when the consumers have the option to switch between owning a product or accessing a product through a service. By examining service loyalty in access-based services in the context of e-scooter sharing services, the researchers contribute to the service research field. Aim: Conceptualize service loyalty by considering the ownership dilemma in access-based services in micromobility. More specifically, the study aims to find what are potential drivers of service loyalty, what effects does ownership advantage have on service loyalty and what variables mediate the customer satisfaction – service loyalty relationship in said services. Methodology: A quantitative study, in which a survey method is chosen to gather empirical data. The survey was distributed as an online questionnaire via online platforms. In addition, an e-scooter sharing service company, Helbiz, shared the survey on their official Twitter and Facebook handles. A total of 249 responses was received. Findings: PLS-SEM was used as a statistical analysis tool to analyse the gathered data. Data suggests that customer satisfaction, service image, affective commitment and relative advantage are drivers of service loyalty in access-based services in micromobility. Furthermore, the effect of ownership advantage on service loyalty proved to be inconclusive as the result was not statistically significant. Finally, data indicates that service image, affective commitment and relative advantage mediate the customer satisfaction – service loyalty relationship.

<p dir="ltr">This research evaluates shared mobility services in the United States, focusing on e-scooter sharing, bike-sharing, and ride-hailing in various urban settings. It aims to understand public and user perceptions, usage patterns, and the impact of urban design on these services. Key research questions include the differences in usage around campuses, public perceptions of shared mobility, future usage intentions post-COVID-19, and the influence of bike lane construction on shared mobility. The study uses survey data and various analytical methods to provide insights for policymakers and operators, introducing the CYCLES framework to enhance shared mobility systems and promote sustainable transportation solutions.</p>