Literature on the integration of cross-cutting issues, or policy integration, has given little attention to how policy-making processes allow for policy integration as well as present barriers. There is also little evidence of how sectoral ministries respond to crosscutting issues and in what way they are affected by pressure to address such issues, including those promoted by ‘competing’ agencies. Climate change presents a significant and important issue for integration into many areas of public policy. Many government ministries and departments are tasked with responding to climate change mitigation and adaptation objectives. Forestry is a key sector in building a response to climate change and so an investigation into how policy-makers and policy-making processes have responded to climate change can shed light on the integration of cross-cutting issues. The thesis reports on investigation into how the Ministry of Forestry, Indonesia, has responded to climate change and into the organisational arrangements developed in the response to climate change. The research developed an innovative framework for the analysis of policy integration, generating conclusions in relation to the policy process, organisational arrangements and the influence of key actors, including policy champions and boundary spanners.

The Speedy Delivery (SD) waveform does not undergo dispersion in transmission lines. The waveform was first introduced by Dr. Robert Flake in US Patent 6,441,695 B1 issued on August 27, 2002. Use of the SD waveform allows for high precision time domain measurements on transmission lines. High precision time domain reflectometry (TDR) and time domain transmission (TDT) measurements are described. An example measurement is presented. The design of the experimental apparatus is detailed. Voltage bias adjustments are made during measurements to increase the repeatability. Voltage bias adjustments are examined in detail. Efforts to produce short terminated measurements with high precision are included. A technique for performing TDR measurements with highly attenuated signals is presented with results. / text

The purpose for this study is to compare two major Swedish daily newspapers “Dagens Nyheter” and “Svenska Dagbladet” and their statements regarding the electors of Sweden Democrats attitude regarding immigrants and immigration policy during the autumn of 2013. The scope was to analyze medias interpretation with the electors of the Sweden Democrats statements and opinions regarding their immigration policy. I have used three different ques­tions to fulfill my purpose; the first one is to describe how media chooses to present the elec­tors of Sweden Democrats opinions regarding immigrants. The second question is to reflect and pre­sent the electors own opinions on immigrants and their immigration policies. The final area is to identify similarities and differences with medias interpretation and the electors own statements. The theory which will characterize my study is based on fram­ing, with the purpose to show how media presents the reality. The method I have used for this study is based on both qualitative and quantitative facts were the questions at issue is based on both analyses of released news articles and from gathered statistics. My conclusion is that the electors have more negative opinions against immigrants then the picture media presents.

Vollst. zugl.: Leipzig, Universiẗat, Diss., 2005.

Inherent in the structure of timber are features affecting dimensional stability, stiffness and strength. These include knots, compression wood and spiral grain. Physical characteristics such as log shape, density, rate of growth, presence of juvenile wood and microfibril angle also affect these properties and, in turn, utilisation. In this thesis, the relationships between tree, log and board variables to the properties of stiffness and distortion of British-grown Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) are examined. The research‟s main aim was to identify variables which could potentially be used to sort timber. Different behaviour in terms of the relationship between stiffness and variables such as density, knot content, log taper, tree height and axial position were noted between groups of upper log and butt log material, and between the four stands and two sites studied. Relationships between stiffness and these variables were generally weak, notably for density. Overall, variables based on radial position within the stem were not found to be useful sorting parameters. No relationship between batten stiffness and compression wood content or slope of grain was observed. The relatively low stiffness of butt wood material was associated with high microfibril angle. Batten twist was found to be a function of spiral grain angle and distance from pith. However, practical difficulties with the use of slope of grain measurements to sort timber were noted. Although severe forms of compression wood were seen to be associated with stem-form correction, relatively straight logs and those which were round, or without pith eccentricity, were also observed to contain compression wood and hence yield timber which distorted on drying. In particular, this work demonstrates the effect of sorting timber using combined variables (e.g. log shape and knot content). These findings may be of use to foresters, sawmillers and developers of timber scanning technologies.

Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.) has been the most common forestry species in UK plantations for many decades. It is generally fast grown in short rotation, which has implications for quality. The harvested timber has a number of end-use applications. Of these, sawn construction grade timber is at the high end of market value. Currently, under one third of home grown sawn timber processed by sawmills achieves the required C16 or higher grading for construction class timber. Presently there is significant standing stock of 40 years old or under. Improvements in timber quality would create significant benefits for growers and processors. Distortion in kiln dried sawn timber is a considerable barrier to improving grading classification and marketability. Twist in particular accounts for around six percent of the rejections after kiln drying. Additional twist when timber dries further; in storage, at construction sites or in-service, is perceived as a marketing issue. The focus of this work was to better understand the evolution of twist during the drying process and seek to improve quality by examining the key properties in sawn timber that contribute to the formation of twist. Samples of regularly processed full size (3 m in length) sawn timber were kiln dried with no restraint to promote maximum twist. This was done in three stages to assess the impact of intermittent drying. Measurements of twist, moisture content, acoustic velocity and basic dimensions were taken before and after each drying cycle. The results showed highly significant differences between battens containing the pith and those that did not. Drying in stages did not seem to affect the linearity of the moisture content against twist relationship. Twist was seen to develop at a consistent rate throughout the process regardless of the final amount of twist accrued or the position from which the batten was sawn. Where timber is likely to dry to lower moisture content after sale it is therefore possible to predict the additional twist from the moisture content expected and allow for it by stricter grading than the twist standard demands. Twist was seen to decrease slightly during a lengthy period of storage in controlled conditions between drying cycles. This may allude to a relaxation effect which could have implications for timber distortion in-service but this would require a more extensive study before any such conclusions could be drawn. A second batch of unrelated samples, were kiln dried to 12% MC under restraint. All of these samples contained the pith along their length and all developed significant amounts of twist. This suggests that battens containing the pith will twist regardless of restraint. A method was developed to measure longitudinal shrinkage. This required the batten size to be reduced to fit the method and battens were sawn into 3 x 1 m sections. Battens were re-saturated and measured daily throughout air drying until an equilibrium moisture content was achieved. Measurements of transverse shrinkage were also taken concurrently. No relationship could be found between the longitudinal and transverse results. When plotted against the data for twist a positive relationship was found with longitudinal shrinkage. Acoustic tools were used to calculate dynamic stiffness. As the values for acoustic velocity squared correlated well with dynamic stiffness, other possible relationships were explored. Good agreement was found with twist and longitudinal shrinkage. This suggests it may be possible to predict twist in sawn timber directly or as a function of microfibril angle, using acoustic tools. A simple method for measuring grain angle was devised. Discs taken from the trees used in the drying experiment were measured for grain angle to compare with other measured properties. The measurement method worked well but the sample size was small and the discs too thin to provide good quality data quality. The results were not as instructive as expected. A vague relationship with twist was found. A repeat of the experiment with an improved method could yield more conclusive results. A method was developed to measure radial and tangential shrinkage in discs. Discs of Sitka spruce from a different source were used. Discs were saturated and allowed to dry with the expectation of cracks developing. The intention was to explore the nature of internal stresses present in intact discs and why tangential and radial shrinkage differs. As only one disc cracked the scope of comparison was limited but it was apparent that the greater shrinkage tendency in the tangential direction was responsible for radial cracking.

The use of distributional models in forestry is investigated, in terms of their capability of modelling distributions of forest mensurational attributes, for modelling and inventory purposes. Emphasis is put on: (i) the univariate and bivariate modelling of tree diameters and heights for stand-level modelling work, and (ii) heuristic methods for use and analysis of distributions which occur in multi-temporal EO imagery, (for the inventory-related tasks of land-use mapping, change detection and growth modelling). In univariate distribution modelling, a new parameterization of the widely-used Johnson’s SB distribution is given, and new Logit-Logistic, generalised Weibull and the Burr system (XII, III, IV) models are introduced into forest modelling. The Logit-Logistic distribution is found to be the best among those compared. The use of regression-based methods of parameter estimation is also investigated. In the domain of bivariate distribution modelling of tree diameters and heights the Plackett method (a particular form of copula) is used to construct Plackett-based bivariate Beta, S­B and Logit-Logistic distributions, (the latter two are new), which are compared with each other and the SBB­ distribution. Other copula functions, including the normal copula, are further employed (for the first time in forest modelling) to construct bivariate distributional models. With the normal copula, the superiority of the Logit-Logistic in the univariate domain is extended into the bivariate domain. To use multi-temporal EO imagery, two pre-processing procedures are necessary: image to image co-registration, and radiometric correction. A spectral correlation-based pixel-matching method is developed to “refine” manually selected control points to achieve very accurate image co-registration. A robust non-parametric method of spectral-distribution standardization is used for relative radiometric correction between images. Finally, possibilities for further research are discussed.

Vi fick i uppdrag av ATEA att sätta upp två stycken serverrum på Northvolt Ett i Skellefteå i samarbete med Nätverksteamet på Northvolt, samt installera distributionswitchar ute i fabriken som sedan ska användas för att koppla fabrikens maskiner till nätverket. Denna rapport handlar om Cisco DNA, SD-ACCESS och ISE som är tre moderniseringar av hur ett nätverk kan byggas upp. Rapporten kommer först att gå igenom teorin för att förstå vad som var målet för Cisco DNA, ISE och SD-ACCESS och varför det är bra att använda i ett modernt nätverk. Rapporten kommer gå igenom hur vi gick tillväga för att lära oss hur det fungerar, och vilket praktiskt arbete som utfördes för att fysiskt sätta upp två serverrum på Northvolt Ett.

The objective of this diploma thesis is to design and implement a diagnostic tool for communication protocol of SD memory cards. The diagnostic tool will be able to monitor and interfere with communication of an SD memory card. The hardware implementation will be based on platform with Kinetis K66 microcontroller. A PC application designed for windows is also a part of diagnostic tool. There is a conclusion of the diagnostic tool limitation at the end of the thesis.

本研究は、大学改革時代における大学職員の新たな人材育成方策として新たな概念であるOJD２（On-the-job development×development）」と進化系OJTであるVOJD2（Virtual On-the-job development×development）に着目し、その効果とリスクを検証することで、新たな大学改革時代に適した政策として提案することを目的とした。なお、本研究では、OJD２を学内のプロジェクト、VOJD２を学外のプロジェクト型研修と定義し、OJD2の大学組織での運用実態、OJD2およびVOJD２の経験者分析等を行いその効果を検証した。理論は、コルブの「経験学習」をベースとした。 / 博士(技術・革新的経営) / Doctor of Philosophy in Technology and Innovative Management / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University