Cette thèse traite de la révision automatique des connaissances contenues dans les systèmes fonctionnant par exploration informée d'arbres d'états. Ces systèmes, de par leur performance, sont employés dans de nombreux domaines applicatifs. En particulier, des travaux ont proposés d’utiliser cette approche dans le cadre de l'automatisation de la généralisation de données géographiques. La généralisation de données géographique s'intéresse à la dérivation, à partir de données géographiques détaillées, de données moins détaillées adaptées à un besoin particulier (e.g. changement d'échelle). Son automatisation, enjeu majeur pour les agences cartographiques telles que l'Institut Géographique National (IGN), est particulièrement complexe. Les performances des systèmes basés sur l’exploration informée d'arbres d'états sont directement dépendantes de la qualité de leurs connaissances (heuristiques). Or, la définition et la mise à jour de ces dernières s'avèrent généralement fastidieuses. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous proposons une approche de révision hors ligne des connaissances basée sur le traçage du système et sur l'analyse de ces traces. Ces traces sont ainsi utilisées par un module de révision qui est chargé d'explorer l'espace des connaissances possibles et d'en modifier en conséquence les connaissances du système. Des outils de diagnostic en ligne de la qualité des connaissances permettent de déterminer quand déclencher le processus de révision hors ligne des connaissances. Pour chaque méthode et approche que nous présentons, une mise en oeuvre est détaillée et expérimentée dans le cadre de l'automatisation de la généralisation de données géographiques / This work deals with automatic knowledge revision in systems based on an informed tree search strategy. Because of their efficiency, these systems are used in numerous fields. In particular, some literature work uses this approach for the automation of geographic data generalisation. Geographic data generalisation is the process that derives data adapted to specific needs (e.g. map scale) from too detailed geographic data. Its automation, which is a major issue for national mapping agencies like Institut Géographique National (IGN), is particularly complex. The performances of systems based on informed tree search are directly dependant on their knowledge (heuristics) quality. Unfortunately, most of the time, knowledge definition and update are fastidious. In this work, we propose an offline knowledge revision approach based on the system logging and on the analysis of these logs. Thus, the logs are used by a revision module which is in charge of the system knowledge revision by knowledge space exploration. Tools for online knowledge quality diagnosis allow to determine when the offline knowledge process should be activated. For each method and each approach presented, an implementation is proposed in the context of geographic data generalisation

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mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt / mso-para-margin-top:0cm / mso-para-margin-right:0cm / mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt / mso-para-margin-left:0cm / line-height:115% / mso-pagination:widow-orphan / font-size:11.0pt / font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" / mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / } </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This study supports the need for information literacy training for first year or new incoming Community and Health Science (CHS) students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and describes the use of a collaborative framework for integrating information literacy into the undergraduate studentsʹ curriculum and for assessing the results. The Collaborative Information Literacy Model (CILM) provided the guidelines for a more structured and fuller collaboration between the librarian and the lecturer responsible for the first year Physiotherapy students. The collaborative partnership employed strategies to teach information literacy competencies which were significantly more satisfactory with the studentsʹ abilities to successfully complete a research term paper. The process of integration began with developing learning outcomes, an information literacy program, exercises and an assessment instrument for evaluating student performance. Also emphasized is the on-going exchange of expertise between the librarian and the lecturer to enhance library-related components in the design of the program.</p>

<p>&nbsp / This study supports the need for information literacy training for first year or new incoming Community and Health Science (CHS) students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and describes the use of a collaborative framework for integrating information literacy into the undergraduate studentsʹ curriculum and for assessing the results. The Collaborative Information Literacy Model (CILM) provided the guidelines for a more structured and fuller collaboration between the librarian and the lecturer responsible for the first year Physiotherapy students. The collaborative partnership employed strategies to teach information literacy competencies which were significantly more satisfactory with the studentsʹ abilities to successfully complete a research term paper. The process of integration began with developing learning outcomes, an information literacy program, exercises and an assessment instrument for evaluating student performance. Also emphasized is the on-going exchange of expertise between the librarian and the lecturer to enhance library-related components in the design of the program.</p>

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mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt / mso-para-margin-top:0cm / mso-para-margin-right:0cm / mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt / mso-para-margin-left:0cm / line-height:115% / mso-pagination:widow-orphan / font-size:11.0pt / font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif" / mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri / mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri / mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin / mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman" / mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi / mso-fareast-language:EN-US / } </style> <![endif]--></p> <p class="MsoNormal">This study supports the need for information literacy training for first year or new incoming Community and Health Science (CHS) students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and describes the use of a collaborative framework for integrating information literacy into the undergraduate studentsʹ curriculum and for assessing the results. The Collaborative Information Literacy Model (CILM) provided the guidelines for a more structured and fuller collaboration between the librarian and the lecturer responsible for the first year Physiotherapy students. The collaborative partnership employed strategies to teach information literacy competencies which were significantly more satisfactory with the studentsʹ abilities to successfully complete a research term paper. The process of integration began with developing learning outcomes, an information literacy program, exercises and an assessment instrument for evaluating student performance. Also emphasized is the on-going exchange of expertise between the librarian and the lecturer to enhance library-related components in the design of the program.</p>

<p>&nbsp / This study supports the need for information literacy training for first year or new incoming Community and Health Science (CHS) students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and describes the use of a collaborative framework for integrating information literacy into the undergraduate studentsʹ curriculum and for assessing the results. The Collaborative Information Literacy Model (CILM) provided the guidelines for a more structured and fuller collaboration between the librarian and the lecturer responsible for the first year Physiotherapy students. The collaborative partnership employed strategies to teach information literacy competencies which were significantly more satisfactory with the studentsʹ abilities to successfully complete a research term paper. The process of integration began with developing learning outcomes, an information literacy program, exercises and an assessment instrument for evaluating student performance. Also emphasized is the on-going exchange of expertise between the librarian and the lecturer to enhance library-related components in the design of the program.</p>

Purpose – The presented research aims to explain, describe and analyze the process of dynamic strategy development in high growth firms. Accordingly the research seeks to investigate how dynamic strategies are used within high growth firms and how strategic learning affects the process. Design/methodology/approach – The authors presents a review of theoretically relevant studies of high growth related to strategy, and two original studies examining the impact of dynamic strategy on high growth. A theoretical framework for the study of dynamic strategy processes is developed. The study comprehends eight interviews divided over five high growth firms, where high growth is defined by the OECD (2008) standard. Findings – In the study, the researchers finds significant evidence for the active and deliberate use of dynamic strategy in the high growth firms of the study. The implication of strategic learning on the dynamic strategies is found to be substantial. The findings shows that dynamic strategy development are used to a large extent and considered vital for achieving growth within in the high growth firms of the study. Research/theoretical implications/limitations – The findings demonstrate that dynamic strategy development is actively used in high growth phases of the firms studied. This has implications on the extension of previous research, as it shows the actual use of dynamic strategy and further emphasizes the importance of strategic learning within this process. With the important limitation that the study is considered too small to generalize over a larger population, which implies that further research on the subject is needed. Managerial implications – The findings provide guidelines for managers of how to handle strategy development in high growth, however due to the previous limitation this is presented as the way the high growth firms within this study handles this development. The guidelines could be used by anyone in managerial positions, thus increasing the understanding of how high growth firms handle strategy.

A significant body of research has focused on tracking behaviors of predators responding to prey odor plumes, yet little is known about the specific mechanisms by which predators make decisions during tracking that lead them to a source. This dissertation advances the current knowledge of plume tracking behavior by examining blue crab tracking behavior over a large range of bed-roughnesses (thereby manipulating ambient levels of turbulence), and interpreting these results with respect to chemical signal structure derived from separate examinations of plume characteristics as determined by planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF). Foraging success and the speed of blue crabs attempting to locate the odorant source both decline consistently with increasing bed roughness. In contrast, steering (path linearity) appears unaffected by bed roughness induced turbulence. The spatial arrangement of blue crab chemosensors combined with the three-dimensional structure of odorant plumes accounts for the differential effects of turbulence on the speed and success of crab tracking behavior. Separate examinations of tracking behavior and plume properties cannot directly examine hypotheses concerning the utility of specific chemical signal properties. In order to make a direct link between cue and behavior, three-dimensional laser induced fluorescence (3DLIF) was used to analyze three-dimensional plume structure and concentration of odor filaments that reach blue crab sensory structures. The corresponding tracking behavior was simultaneously recorded and then analyzed with a motion analysis system. These data provide the most comprehensive examination of odor signal input-behavioral output functions for animals in turbulent plumes. Crabs do not react differentially in response to the absolute concentration of antennule spikes above threshold at their antennules but do show a state-dependent acceleration response to antennule spikes. Signals arriving at the leg sensors of blue crabs help mediate upstream motion and signal change across a single set of leg sensors is sufficient to induce turning during upstream motion. Blue crabs decrease the height of their antennules in correspondence with changing plume properties as they approach the source and the timing of signals arriving at the antennules appears to affect upstream motion.

Submitted by Anderson Silva (avargas@icict.fiocruz.br) on 2012-09-13T14:30:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardo.leite.dissertacao.ppgics.2009.pdf: 1412337 bytes, checksum: 9eabc618ae89d50895dd0f83ade7b915 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-09-13T14:30:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 leonardo.leite.dissertacao.ppgics.2009.pdf: 1412337 bytes, checksum: 9eabc618ae89d50895dd0f83ade7b915 (MD5) / Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Assessoria da Presidência. Coordenação de Gestão Tecnológica. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil / A competitividade cada vez mais acirrada tem feito com que empresas busquem formas de obter e manter vantagens sobre seus concorrentes. Uma das formas é através do monitoramento ambiental ou monitoramento tecnológico. Para que o monitoramento de informação seja eficaz é necessário planejamento de busca que enfoque a melhor base para a realização da busca; as palavras-chave adequadas; a fórmula lógica da estratégia. O planejamento da busca necessita de um conhecimento minucioso das técnicas de estratégia de busca, dos prós e contras da estratégia no texto completo dos documentos, do uso das linguagens natural e controlada na recuperação da informação. Neste sentido, esta dissertação apresenta como questão norteadora a forma como se deve elaborar uma estratégia de busca de informação em documentos de patente para monitoramento tecnológico. Mais especificamente, o trabalho apresenta as características das principais bases de patentes existentes; avaliação do uso da linguagem natural e controlada; do uso de truncagem nas palavras-chave, da localização dos termos selecionados e quanto ao escopo de proteção do documento de patente. Como foco da estratégia de busca foi definido o diagnóstico da malária pela importância da doença em nível mundial, considerando que um diagnóstico preciso influencia no tratamento mais adequado e pode-se alcançar reduções nos custos das despesas de saúde em todo o mundo. A estratégia de busca foi elaborada, na base de dados de patentes Derwent, pelo cruzamento de palavras representativas do conceito malária e diagnóstico, associados à classificação internacional de patentes no intervalo 2005 a 2009. Os dados foram tratados e classificados em software de mineração de texto, em dois níveis: primeiramente quanto à relevância para a malária, em segundo quanto ao escopo de proteção. Os resultados mostram que maior parte dos documentos de patente não são específicos para malária, nem tão pouco para o diagnóstico, a busca por termos apenas no título limita o retorno dos resultados já que a maior parte dos conceitos foram encontrados no resumo; o uso da linguagem natural e controlada na mesma estratégia de busca é fundamental para se obter retorno mais preciso da informação; a truncagem de termos é importante na estratégia de busca, porém é necessário conhecimento das combinações dos termos para que não sejam recuperadas informações irrelevantes. Como conclusão pode-se dizer que não há estratégia de busca que apresente 100% de relevância quanto aos documentos recuperados, no que diz respeito à busca de patentes. A meta da estratégia de busca ideal seria uma revocação elevada e uma alta precisão; no entanto, revocação e precisão tendem a se correlacionar inversamente, ou seja, uma maior precisão leva a uma menor revocação e vice-versa, o que significa que o pesquisador de patentes tem de encontrar o equilíbrio adequado entre estes polos de acordo com o tipo de busca escolhida. / The increasingly fierce competition between companies in the market has made these companies look for ways to obtain and maintain an advantage over their competitors. One way is through environmental monitoring or tracking technology. For monitoring information is needed is an effective strategic planning search: better basis for decision of the context for and the decision of the keywords and the decision of the logical formula of the strategy. More specifically the strategic planning of search requires a thorough knowledge of the techniques of search strategy, the pros and cons of the strategy in full-text documents, the use of controlled natural languages in information retrieval. Thus, this paper presents as main question is how to devise a strategy for finding information in patent documents for tracking technology. More specifically, the paper presents the characteristics of the main bases of existing patents; evaluation of the use of natural language and controlled, the use of truncation in the keywords, the location of selected terms and the scope of protection of the patent document. The basic patent was selected by the Derwent Innovation Index reindex the title and abstract of the patent in addition to allowing the download of documents for use in data mining software. As a focus of the search strategy was defined by the importance of malaria diagnosis of the disease worldwide and diagnostic segment as an accurate diagnosis influences the most appropriate treatment and can achieve reductions in costs of health expenditures worldwide. The search strategy was developed by crossing concepts with the diagnosis of malaria associated with the international patent classification within the range 2005 to 2009. The documents were classified into two levels: first as to the relevance to malaria and second on the scope of protection. The results show that the search terms titles only limits the return of results, since most of the concepts found in the summary, the use of natural language and controlled in the same search strategy is crucial to get return more accurate information, the truncation is important in terms search strategy, but you need knowledge of the combinations of terms that are not retrieved irrelevant information. In conclusion we can say that there is no search strategy to produce 100% of the retrieved documents as relevant, with regard to the patent search. The goal of any search strategy would be revoked and a high precision, ie the recovery of virtually all relevant documents. However, recall and precision tend to correlate inversely, ie, a higher precision leads to lower recall and vice versa, which means that the patent researcher has to find the right balance between these poles according to the type chosen search.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This study supports the need for information literacy training for first year or new incoming Community and Health Science (CHS) students at the University of the Western Cape (UWC) and describes the use of a collaborative framework for integrating information literacy into the undergraduate students' curriculum and for assessing the results. The Collaborative Information Literacy Model (CILM) provided the guidelines for a more structured and fuller collaboration between the librarian and the lecturer responsible for the first year Physiotherapy students. The collaborative partnership employed strategies to teach information literacy competencies which were significantly more satisfactory with the students' abilities to successfully complete a research term paper. The process of integration began with developing learning outcomes, an information literacy program, exercises and an assessment instrument for evaluating student performance. Also emphasized is the on-going exchange of expertise between the librarian and the lecturer to enhance library-related components in the design of the program. / South Africa

Dans le contexte de recherche et développement d’un nouveau traitement thérapeutique, le chercheur veut surveiller ses thématiques de recherche pour actualiser ses connaissances. Il a besoin d’accéder à l’information qui lui est utile directement sur son ordinateur. La prise en compte de la complexité d’un système biologique, révèle la très grande difficulté à traduire de façon linguistique toute une réflexion hypothétique. Nous proposons dans ce travail, un procédé détaché du système de langue. Pour ce faire, nous présentons une méthodologie basée sur une indexation qualitative en utilisant un filtrage personnalisé. L’index n’est plus d’ordre linguistique mais de type « liaisons de connaissances ». Cette méthode d’indexation qualitative appliquée à « l’information retrieval » contraste avec l’indexation documentaire et l’utilisation d’un thésaurus tel que le MeSH lorsqu’il s’agit d’exprimer une requête complexe. Le choix du sujet d’expérimentation sur la base de données Medline via PubMed constitue une démonstration de la complexité d’expression d’une problématique de recherche. Le thème principal est un traitement possible de la maladie d’Alzheimer. Cette expérience permet de mettre en avant des documents contenus dans Medline qui ne répondent pas ou peu à une indexation en mots-clés. Les résultats obtenus suggèrent qu’une « indexation en connaissances » améliore significativement la recherche d’information dans Medline par rapport à une simple recherche sur Google pratiquée habituellement par le chercheur. Assimilable à une veille scientifique, cette méthodologie ouvre une nouvelle collaboration entre professionnels de l’information et chercheurs / In the context of research and development for a new therapeutic treatment, the researcher seeks to monitor relevant research topics in order to update field-specific knowledge. Direct computer access to relevant information is required. The complexity of biological systems increases the great difficulty of translating some hypothetical reflections in a linguistic manner or by semiotics. In this study, we propose a detached process of the system of language. To do this, we will present a methodology based on a qualitative indexing using personalized filtering. The index is no longer of a linguistic nature but a sort of “connection of knowledge”. This method of qualitative indexing applied to information retrieval is in contrast with documentation indexing systems and the use of thesauruses such as MeSH when it pertains to formulating a complex request. The choice of the experimentation subject using Medline database via PubMed proves the complexity of research problem formulation. The main theme is a possible treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This experiment makes it possible to highlight the documents contained in Medline which provide few or no answers by indexing keywords. The results obtained suggest that an indexing knowledge significantly improves search results for information via Medline in comparison to “Google” searches habitually carried out by the researcher. Comparable to scientific awareness, this methodology opens new collaboration possibilities between information professionals and research