This thesis discusses the work of the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) in the field of conflict prevention, management and resolution, from 1990 until late 1998. Two theoretical perspectives, neo-realism and neo-liberal institutionalism, provide a framework for analysis. Both theories are able to highlight different strengthsa nd weaknesses in the OSCE's approach which are described in three case studies. However, neither theory can fully explain the findings of the case studies. In the thesis's conclusion the shortcomings of both theories are discussed and the gaps in explanation are explored by reference to constructivist approaches. Three case studies are described in order to demonstrate different facets of the OSCE's work. Macedonia provides an example of the OSCE's work in conflict prevention (it is in the field of conflict prevention that the OSCE is seen at its most successful). The second case study, Nagomo-Karabakh, examines the OSCE's handling of an ongoing conflict and attempts to arrange both a peace conference and a peacekeeping mission. The issues surrounding the conflict here demonstrate the complexity of external involvement in mediation and negotiation processes, and the difficulties of trying to find solutions that are acceptable to the parties in a context complicated further by the interests of external actors. The third case study is an analysis of the OSCE's engagement in the post-conflict reconstruction of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This reveals the problems of implementing aspects of an unsatisfactory peace agreement. The case study highlights the enormity of the tasks assigned to the OSCE and the lack of coherent international support for the organisation's work. It also discusses the effects of the interplay of both external and internal power political struggles on the OSCE's operations. The thesis concludes that the OSCE has in limited ways performed valuable work in all three case studies but that its real strengths are most apparent in the field of conflict prevention.

No description available.

The purpose of this dissertation is to analyze the Russian Federation&rsquo / s military Policy in Central Asia in 1991-2001. My main concern in this point is to figure out what is Moscow&rsquo / s real intention behind establishing military ties with the Central Asian states and to what extent is Moscow successful in accomplishing this aim? Does the Russian Federation perceive direct threats to its security from Central Asia? My argument is that the Russian Federation does not perceive direct threats to its national security from the region rather she uses these threats to be the main actor in the region by using military means. Throughout the thesis first the shift in the Russian Federation&rsquo / s foreign policy course regarding the &lsquo / Near Abroad&rsquo / and its reflections on the basic security documents of the Russian Federation, second the threat perceptions of the Russian Federation in these regions, third reflections of this shift on Russia&rsquo / s bilateral military ties with these states and finally the role of the changing perception in the formation of regional collective security formations are to be analyzed.

Approved for public release, distribution is unlimited / The purpose of this thesis is to answer the question of how effective are current theater engagement / security cooperation plans at supporting US national interests. The examination of effectiveness focused on two theaters as case studies during the years 1998 through September 2001. This examination divided effectiveness down into two parts. The first part was consistency. Consistency was investigated by a comparison of the national priorities to completed engagement activities. The second part of effectiveness attempted to measure gains produced through the executed engagement missions. Following the case study analysis, key principles for effectiveness are identified and a modified engagement planning process proposed. The key elements of the modified process are integrated interagency planning, objective based engagement activities, and synchronization of all the elements of statecraft. This framework is tested by applying the modified TEP process to a sub-region of Africa. The significance for this test is not only to demonstrate the capability of the proposed TEP process. This test demonstrates the potential for effective engagement to assist in prosecuting the Global War on Terrorism (GWOT). In conclusion, this thesis provides an understanding of what engagement is today, and what engagement should be in the future. / Major, United States Army

Non-traditional security has become an important issue of international security issues, and is also facing a threat to cross-strait relations. If it is the connotation of military facets of cooperation (agreement) to facilitate the development of the cross-Strait relations, it also reduces the doubts surrounding countries. Therefore, the proposal of this thesis has focused on the non-traditional security. This research has primarily focused on non-traditional security fields including disaster prevention, disease control and sea rescue to explore current cross-strait cooperation model. Further, this study discussed future research on construction of security cooperation mechanism, and analyzed the cross-strait military security in response to the law of non-traditional sources and strategies. The result of this research found that cross-strait exchange in the dispute over sovereignty is the main constraining factor. Both in response to non-traditional security threats related to resources have not yet integrated to build the mechanism of security cooperation, and play an important role in the military are cross-strait to toward the future. In addition, the conclusion of this research indicated that cross-strait should build a non-traditional security through academic exchange, channels of negotiation, friendly reciprocal visits, and joint exercises of compound disaster, and the inclusion of cross-strait military security cooperation mechanism within policy formation process.

Thesis (M.S. in Defense Analysis)--Naval Postgraduate School, June 2010. / Thesis Advisor(s): Borer, Douglas A. ; Second Reader: Simons, Anna. "June 2010." Description based on title screen as viewed on July 14, 2010. Author(s) subject terms: Upstream states, Downstream states, sovereign territory, equitable utilization, national security, conflict, water scarcity, Nile river/basin, hegemony, control, legitimacy, absolute territorial sovereignty, natural rights, absolute integrity, acquired rights, negotiations, contentious agreements, prior appropriation, virtual water, interstate relations, competitive exploitation, political stability/instability, compromise, cooperation, unilateralism, food security, regional security, strategic interests, sustainable exploitation, riparian co-dependence, limited territorial sovereignty, limited integrity, arbitration, asymmetry. Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-74). Also available in print.

O sistema internacional do pós-Guerra Fria se caracteriza por não apresentar uma configuração bem definida. Neste contexto, surgem novos atores internacionais, como os movimentos de contestação transnacionais e o terrorismo internacional de larga escala. Os Estados, por sua vez, se adaptam de diversas formas às ações dos novos atores e sua reação passa a ser, também, de caráter transnacional. Após os ataques de 11 de Setembro de 2001 é deflagrada a "Guerra Global contra o Terrorismo - GWOT", pelos EUA, em coalizão com diversos países do Ocidente. No âmbito das relações de segurança entre os principais atores ocidentais destaca-se a Cooperação Securitária Transatlântica (CST) entre EUA e União Europeia que tem por objetivo principal evitar novos ataques terroristas em seus territórios. Este estudo aborda estas ligações de segurança entre os EUA e a UE, a fim de demonstrar a formação da rede institucional que tornou efetiva a luta contra o terrorismo no padrão de uma Guerra Irregular Complexa (Irregular Warfare). Os principais atores, instituições e práticas normativas permitem traçar como se torna efetiva a cooperação entre estes atores. Como forma de evidenciar empiricamente o uso desta rede de segurança aborda-se o programa "Extraordinary Rendition" da CIA, que se caracteriza pelo uso do espaço aéreo, uso de bases aéreas, de sequestros, rendições extraordinárias e extradições para prisão e eventual tortura de suspeitos de terrorismo ao redor do mundo. / The international system of post-Cold War era is characterized by not presenting a well-defined configuration. In this context, arise new international actors such as transnational protest movements and international terrorism to large scale. The States in his turn adapt to various forms of new actors and their reaction is to be effective, transnational. After the attacks of September 11, 2001 is triggered the "Global War on Terrorism - GWOT" by the U.S. in coalition with several Western countries. As part of the security relations between major Western actors stands out with Transatlantic Security Cooperation (CST) US-European Union that aims to prevent major terrorist attacks in their territories. This study addresses these security links between the U.S. and EU in order to organize and demonstrate the formation of institutional network to make effective the fight against terrorism in the pattern of a Complex Irregular Warfare. The main actors, institutions and regulatory practices allow us to become effective cooperation between these actors. In order to empirically demonstrate its use in network security addresses the program "Extraordinary Rendition" of the CIA, which is characterized by the use of airspace, use of air bases, kidnappings, extraordinary renditions and to arrest and possible torture of suspected terrorists around the world.

O sistema internacional do pós-Guerra Fria se caracteriza por não apresentar uma configuração bem definida. Neste contexto, surgem novos atores internacionais, como os movimentos de contestação transnacionais e o terrorismo internacional de larga escala. Os Estados, por sua vez, se adaptam de diversas formas às ações dos novos atores e sua reação passa a ser, também, de caráter transnacional. Após os ataques de 11 de Setembro de 2001 é deflagrada a "Guerra Global contra o Terrorismo - GWOT", pelos EUA, em coalizão com diversos países do Ocidente. No âmbito das relações de segurança entre os principais atores ocidentais destaca-se a Cooperação Securitária Transatlântica (CST) entre EUA e União Europeia que tem por objetivo principal evitar novos ataques terroristas em seus territórios. Este estudo aborda estas ligações de segurança entre os EUA e a UE, a fim de demonstrar a formação da rede institucional que tornou efetiva a luta contra o terrorismo no padrão de uma Guerra Irregular Complexa (Irregular Warfare). Os principais atores, instituições e práticas normativas permitem traçar como se torna efetiva a cooperação entre estes atores. Como forma de evidenciar empiricamente o uso desta rede de segurança aborda-se o programa "Extraordinary Rendition" da CIA, que se caracteriza pelo uso do espaço aéreo, uso de bases aéreas, de sequestros, rendições extraordinárias e extradições para prisão e eventual tortura de suspeitos de terrorismo ao redor do mundo. / The international system of post-Cold War era is characterized by not presenting a well-defined configuration. In this context, arise new international actors such as transnational protest movements and international terrorism to large scale. The States in his turn adapt to various forms of new actors and their reaction is to be effective, transnational. After the attacks of September 11, 2001 is triggered the "Global War on Terrorism - GWOT" by the U.S. in coalition with several Western countries. As part of the security relations between major Western actors stands out with Transatlantic Security Cooperation (CST) US-European Union that aims to prevent major terrorist attacks in their territories. This study addresses these security links between the U.S. and EU in order to organize and demonstrate the formation of institutional network to make effective the fight against terrorism in the pattern of a Complex Irregular Warfare. The main actors, institutions and regulatory practices allow us to become effective cooperation between these actors. In order to empirically demonstrate its use in network security addresses the program "Extraordinary Rendition" of the CIA, which is characterized by the use of airspace, use of air bases, kidnappings, extraordinary renditions and to arrest and possible torture of suspected terrorists around the world.

O sistema internacional do pós-Guerra Fria se caracteriza por não apresentar uma configuração bem definida. Neste contexto, surgem novos atores internacionais, como os movimentos de contestação transnacionais e o terrorismo internacional de larga escala. Os Estados, por sua vez, se adaptam de diversas formas às ações dos novos atores e sua reação passa a ser, também, de caráter transnacional. Após os ataques de 11 de Setembro de 2001 é deflagrada a "Guerra Global contra o Terrorismo - GWOT", pelos EUA, em coalizão com diversos países do Ocidente. No âmbito das relações de segurança entre os principais atores ocidentais destaca-se a Cooperação Securitária Transatlântica (CST) entre EUA e União Europeia que tem por objetivo principal evitar novos ataques terroristas em seus territórios. Este estudo aborda estas ligações de segurança entre os EUA e a UE, a fim de demonstrar a formação da rede institucional que tornou efetiva a luta contra o terrorismo no padrão de uma Guerra Irregular Complexa (Irregular Warfare). Os principais atores, instituições e práticas normativas permitem traçar como se torna efetiva a cooperação entre estes atores. Como forma de evidenciar empiricamente o uso desta rede de segurança aborda-se o programa "Extraordinary Rendition" da CIA, que se caracteriza pelo uso do espaço aéreo, uso de bases aéreas, de sequestros, rendições extraordinárias e extradições para prisão e eventual tortura de suspeitos de terrorismo ao redor do mundo. / The international system of post-Cold War era is characterized by not presenting a well-defined configuration. In this context, arise new international actors such as transnational protest movements and international terrorism to large scale. The States in his turn adapt to various forms of new actors and their reaction is to be effective, transnational. After the attacks of September 11, 2001 is triggered the "Global War on Terrorism - GWOT" by the U.S. in coalition with several Western countries. As part of the security relations between major Western actors stands out with Transatlantic Security Cooperation (CST) US-European Union that aims to prevent major terrorist attacks in their territories. This study addresses these security links between the U.S. and EU in order to organize and demonstrate the formation of institutional network to make effective the fight against terrorism in the pattern of a Complex Irregular Warfare. The main actors, institutions and regulatory practices allow us to become effective cooperation between these actors. In order to empirically demonstrate its use in network security addresses the program "Extraordinary Rendition" of the CIA, which is characterized by the use of airspace, use of air bases, kidnappings, extraordinary renditions and to arrest and possible torture of suspected terrorists around the world.

La coopération structurelle et opérationnelle de défense et de sécurité entre la France et les Etats francophones de la CEDEAO est caractérisée par des configurations différenciées observées d’un Etat à un autre et par la prévalence d’une interdépendance stratégique entre la France et ses partenaires. Depuis 2007, outre le renouvellement des accords instituant un partenariat de défense entre la France et certains de ces partenaires, cette coopération s’insère dans un contexte marqué par la régionalisation des enjeux et des solutions de sécurité ainsi que l’intérêt de nouveaux acteurs favorisant un afflux d’offres d’assistance et de coopération. On sort donc du « huis-clos » bilatéral des accords post-indépendances et des pratiques qui en ont résulté, pour analyser la relation Afrique-France à l’aune de plusieurs paramètres déterminés par ses évolutions récentes. Cette étude ambitionne dans une perspective postcolonialiste, de déconstruire les oppositions binaires et la généralisation en apportant des outils de mesure et de comparaison de la coopération, dans le temps et dans l’espace ; en mettant en exergue les nuances ; en proposant une typologie et surtout en relevant les bénéfices que procure la coopération à chaque catégorie d’acteur. A partir de la théorie du comportement coopératif de Robert Axelrod, notamment sa variante « donnant-donnant », il est démontré que la pérennisation de la coopération réside dans l’intérêt des parties à coopérer qui surpasse l’abstention. En raison de ce dépassement du « fait » et de « l’héritage colonial », le postcolonialisme pourrait alors représenter un modèle d’analyse des relations internationales contemporaines et la Francophonie, un espace empreint de « profondeur stratégique ». / Structural and operational defense and security cooperation between France and Francophone states of ECOWAS is characterized by different configurations depending on the perspectives of each stakeholder. They are also characterized by strategic interdependence between France and its partners. Since 2007, besides the renewal of agreements setting up a defence partnership between France and its partners, this cooperation is taking place in a context marked by the regionalization of stakes and security responses in the West African region and the increasing interest of non-traditional actors providing increasing flows of assistance and cooperation. These new parameters breaking the traditional behind “closed-doors” of bilateral post-independance agreements, practices and interpretations that were traditionally mobilized to analyse Africa-France relations. By using a postcolonial perspective, this study aims at deconstructing conventional binary oppositions and generalizations by bringing in new tools of comparison of cooperation, in time and space and by highlighting the nuances. It also aims at suggesting a typology of the benefits that different categories of actors gain from this cooperation. Building on Robert Axelrod’s theory of cooperative attitude, and its ”win-win” component, this study demonstrates that the lasting of cooperation resides in the interests each party finds in cooperating beyond abstaining. Due to this capacity to rise above the "fact" and "colonial legacy", the postcolonialism could then be a model of analysis of contemporary international relations and “Francophonie”, a space marked of "strategic depth".