• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Women’s Participation and Social Provisions in Peace Agreements

Issifu, Abdul Karim January 2020 (has links)
Is the inclusion of social provisions in peace agreements influenced by the participation of women, and if so, why? It is suggested that if women participate in the negotiation, the agreement is likely to broaden with social provisions. But our understanding regarding why social provisions are shaped by the participation of women is still limited as previous research rarely looked at this phenomenon. By drawing on theories suggesting women’s participation will broaden the scope of the negotiation, and theories proposing women through the agency for being at the negotiation table would push for social provisions, this study hypothesizes that if women participate, the agreements are likely to broaden with more social provisions. A content analysis of the agreements reached on Liberia 2003, Sierra Leone 1999, Côte d’Ivoire 2003 and Niger 1995, and a supplementary in-depth comparative case study presents evidence suggesting women does influence peace agreements to become more holistic with more social provisions. At the same time, this study also highlights the essence of taking other factors that shape the scope of the agreements and the presence or absence of social provisions such as the context and duration of the conflicts and the belligerent actor’ will into consideration.
2

Provisões previdenciárias, trabalhistas e tributárias: gerenciamento de resultados contábeis no Brasil / Social Securitiy, labor and tax provisions: management of accounting results in Brazil

Ribeiro, Antônio de Cístolo 05 March 2018 (has links)
As empresas no Brasil estão sujeitas à alta carga tributária, encargos trabalhistas e previdenciários e grande volume de processos trabalhistas. A complexidade de aplicação de algumas legislações, bem como, à ausência de tratamento legal para certos temas, pode gerar incertezas nas mensurações de obrigações fiscais e abrir oportunidades para prática de gerenciamento de resultados com o uso de contingências e provisões contábeis. As provisões previdenciárias, trabalhistas e tributárias (PTTs) são presença comum nas demonstrações financeiras das empresas brasileiras, independentemente de seu porte, setor econômico a que pertençam ou do seu grau de governança. Em termos contábeis, as provisões pioram o resultado das empresas quando de sua constituição e o melhoram se forem revertidas. Devido a esta característica, a tese que sustentou esta pesquisa afirmou que as provisões PTTs podem ser usadas como instrumento de gerenciamento de resultado contábil no Brasil. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar se há indícios de que os resultados das empresas, apurados antes da constituição das provisões PTTs, interferiram nas decisões de constituí-las ou não, configurando possível prática de GR. A tese estabelecida foi que as provisões PTTs podem ser usadas pelas empresas brasileiras para prática de GR. As provisões PTTs foram analisadas de forma desagregada dos demais accruals contábeis, no período de 2010 a 2015. A pesquisa se concentrou nas provisões de 128 empresas participantes dos índices SMLL e MLCX da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (B3). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se do programa estatístico STATA. Os dados foram analisados por regressão em painel pelo generalized method of moments (GMM), opção robust, tendo como variáveis dependentes as provisões PTTs e, as explicativas, foram extraídas do ambiente contábil. A pesquisa teve abordagem exploratória e quantitativa e, testou hipóteses que investigavam GR empregando alisamento de resultados (smoothing) ou big bath accounting (bba). O diferencial deste trabalho é que não foram usados drivers para calcular as provisões não discricionárias. Considerando que os valores das provisões PTTs são derivados de autos de infração ou de ações trabalhistas, as provisões PTTs foram totalmente tratadas como discricionárias. Os dados analisados demonstraram evidências de possível prática de GR com débitos fiscais, seja pela reversão de provisões PTTs, e/ou, pela manutenção dos processos como contingências até momentos mais convenientes para reconhecimento contábil. Nas análises de resultados por tamanho de empresas verificou-se indicações de possível prática de GR, tanto com alisamento de resultados quanto com bba, não tendo sido encontrado o mesmo resultado por setor de atividade econômica. Há fortes possibilidades de prática de GR tanto nas empresas menos capitalizadas (SMLL) quanto nas médias e grandes (MLCX). Este fato deve ser devido ao alto custo financeiro vigente no Brasil e falta de fontes alternativas de financiamento para estas empresas, o que as levaria a buscarem se financiar assumindo o risco de postergar recolhimento de tributos / Companies in Brazil are subject to high tax burden, labor and social security charges, and a large volume of labor lawsuits. The complexity of applying some legislation, as well as the lack of legal treatment for certain issues, can generate uncertainties in the measurement of fiscal obligations and open opportunities for practice of results management with the use of contingencies and accounting provisions. Social security, labor and tax provisions (PTTs) are common presence in the financial statements of Brazilian companies, regardless of their size, economic sector to which they belong or their degree of governance. In accounting terms, the provisions worsen the results of the companies when they are constituted and improve them if they are reversed. Due to this characteristic, the thesis that supported this research stated that the provisions PTTs could be used as an instrument of management of accounting result in Brazil. The general objective of the research was to analyze if there are indications that the results of the companies, verified before the constitution of the PTTs provisions, interfered in the decisions of constituting them or not, configuring possible practice of GR. The established thesis was that Brazilian companies to practice GR. PTT provisions were analyzed on a disaggregated basis from other accruals in the period from 2010 to 2015 could use the PTT provisions. The research focused on the provisions of 128 companies participating in the SMLL and MLCX indices of the São Paulo Stock Exchange (B3). Statistical software STATA was used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed by panel regression using the robust method of moments (GMM), having as dependent variables the PTT provisions and the explanatory variables were extracted from the accounting environment. The research had an exploratory and quantitative approach and tested hypotheses investigating GR using smoothing or big bath accounting (bba). The differential of this work is that drivers were not used to calculate non-discretionary provisions. Considering that the value of the PTT provisions are amounts derived from tax assessment notices or labor lawsuits, the PTT provisions were fully treated as discretionary. The data analyzed showed evidence of possible practice of GR with tax debts, either through the reversal of PTT provisions, and / or, through the maintenance of the processes as contingencies, until more convenient moments for accounting recognition. In the analysis of results by size of companies it was found indications of possible practice of GR, either with smoothing or bba, it was not found the same result when data were analyzed by sector of economic activity. There are strong possibilities for GR practice in both the least capitalized (SMLL) and medium and large companies (MLCX). This fact must be due to the high financial cost in Brazil and lack of alternative sources of financing for these companies, which would lead them to seek financing by assuming the risk of postpone taxes collection
3

Provisões previdenciárias, trabalhistas e tributárias: gerenciamento de resultados contábeis no Brasil / Social Securitiy, labor and tax provisions: management of accounting results in Brazil

Antônio de Cístolo Ribeiro 05 March 2018 (has links)
As empresas no Brasil estão sujeitas à alta carga tributária, encargos trabalhistas e previdenciários e grande volume de processos trabalhistas. A complexidade de aplicação de algumas legislações, bem como, à ausência de tratamento legal para certos temas, pode gerar incertezas nas mensurações de obrigações fiscais e abrir oportunidades para prática de gerenciamento de resultados com o uso de contingências e provisões contábeis. As provisões previdenciárias, trabalhistas e tributárias (PTTs) são presença comum nas demonstrações financeiras das empresas brasileiras, independentemente de seu porte, setor econômico a que pertençam ou do seu grau de governança. Em termos contábeis, as provisões pioram o resultado das empresas quando de sua constituição e o melhoram se forem revertidas. Devido a esta característica, a tese que sustentou esta pesquisa afirmou que as provisões PTTs podem ser usadas como instrumento de gerenciamento de resultado contábil no Brasil. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi analisar se há indícios de que os resultados das empresas, apurados antes da constituição das provisões PTTs, interferiram nas decisões de constituí-las ou não, configurando possível prática de GR. A tese estabelecida foi que as provisões PTTs podem ser usadas pelas empresas brasileiras para prática de GR. As provisões PTTs foram analisadas de forma desagregada dos demais accruals contábeis, no período de 2010 a 2015. A pesquisa se concentrou nas provisões de 128 empresas participantes dos índices SMLL e MLCX da Bolsa de Valores de São Paulo (B3). Para análise dos dados utilizou-se do programa estatístico STATA. Os dados foram analisados por regressão em painel pelo generalized method of moments (GMM), opção robust, tendo como variáveis dependentes as provisões PTTs e, as explicativas, foram extraídas do ambiente contábil. A pesquisa teve abordagem exploratória e quantitativa e, testou hipóteses que investigavam GR empregando alisamento de resultados (smoothing) ou big bath accounting (bba). O diferencial deste trabalho é que não foram usados drivers para calcular as provisões não discricionárias. Considerando que os valores das provisões PTTs são derivados de autos de infração ou de ações trabalhistas, as provisões PTTs foram totalmente tratadas como discricionárias. Os dados analisados demonstraram evidências de possível prática de GR com débitos fiscais, seja pela reversão de provisões PTTs, e/ou, pela manutenção dos processos como contingências até momentos mais convenientes para reconhecimento contábil. Nas análises de resultados por tamanho de empresas verificou-se indicações de possível prática de GR, tanto com alisamento de resultados quanto com bba, não tendo sido encontrado o mesmo resultado por setor de atividade econômica. Há fortes possibilidades de prática de GR tanto nas empresas menos capitalizadas (SMLL) quanto nas médias e grandes (MLCX). Este fato deve ser devido ao alto custo financeiro vigente no Brasil e falta de fontes alternativas de financiamento para estas empresas, o que as levaria a buscarem se financiar assumindo o risco de postergar recolhimento de tributos / Companies in Brazil are subject to high tax burden, labor and social security charges, and a large volume of labor lawsuits. The complexity of applying some legislation, as well as the lack of legal treatment for certain issues, can generate uncertainties in the measurement of fiscal obligations and open opportunities for practice of results management with the use of contingencies and accounting provisions. Social security, labor and tax provisions (PTTs) are common presence in the financial statements of Brazilian companies, regardless of their size, economic sector to which they belong or their degree of governance. In accounting terms, the provisions worsen the results of the companies when they are constituted and improve them if they are reversed. Due to this characteristic, the thesis that supported this research stated that the provisions PTTs could be used as an instrument of management of accounting result in Brazil. The general objective of the research was to analyze if there are indications that the results of the companies, verified before the constitution of the PTTs provisions, interfered in the decisions of constituting them or not, configuring possible practice of GR. The established thesis was that Brazilian companies to practice GR. PTT provisions were analyzed on a disaggregated basis from other accruals in the period from 2010 to 2015 could use the PTT provisions. The research focused on the provisions of 128 companies participating in the SMLL and MLCX indices of the São Paulo Stock Exchange (B3). Statistical software STATA was used to analyze the data. The data were analyzed by panel regression using the robust method of moments (GMM), having as dependent variables the PTT provisions and the explanatory variables were extracted from the accounting environment. The research had an exploratory and quantitative approach and tested hypotheses investigating GR using smoothing or big bath accounting (bba). The differential of this work is that drivers were not used to calculate non-discretionary provisions. Considering that the value of the PTT provisions are amounts derived from tax assessment notices or labor lawsuits, the PTT provisions were fully treated as discretionary. The data analyzed showed evidence of possible practice of GR with tax debts, either through the reversal of PTT provisions, and / or, through the maintenance of the processes as contingencies, until more convenient moments for accounting recognition. In the analysis of results by size of companies it was found indications of possible practice of GR, either with smoothing or bba, it was not found the same result when data were analyzed by sector of economic activity. There are strong possibilities for GR practice in both the least capitalized (SMLL) and medium and large companies (MLCX). This fact must be due to the high financial cost in Brazil and lack of alternative sources of financing for these companies, which would lead them to seek financing by assuming the risk of postpone taxes collection
4

Dolda handlingsklausuler i försäkringsavtal : Gränsdragningen mellan omfattningsvillkor och säkerhetsföreskrifter / The distinction between scope-terms and security provisions in the Swedish Insurance Contracts Act (SFS 2005:104)

Westin, Anton January 2021 (has links)
No description available.

Page generated in 0.0992 seconds