Changes in landscape pattern caused by changes in forest management, namely the Sustainable Forestry Initiative (SFI), and the implications of these structural changes on landscape processes were analyzed. Landscape structure was studied based upon the comparison of landscapes with different management histories. Ecological processes were analyzed based upon simulation of stand and landscape attributes of habitats for several vertebrate species and upon simulation of hydrological processes such as water and sediment yield. A methodology to integrate landscape and stand pattern and dynamics with landscape processes was developed for this work. It integrates a forest landscape structure model, several stand level growth and yield models, vertebrate habitat models, and a hydrological model. The comparisons among landscapes revealed that forest management has a strong influence on landscape structure. The SFI program increases fragmentation of the landscape indicated by the presence of more and smaller patches, more edges, more complex shapes, and less and smaller core areas. Traditional intensive and extensive management show comparable patterns characterized by high aggregation and connectivity. Landscapes managed according to the SFI program show higher Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) values for American woodcock, American beaver, wild turkey, fox squirrel, and gray squirrel. HSI is higher for pine warbler in the landscape not managed according to the SFI program. Downy woodpecker and barred owl present very reduced HSI values in either landscape. The SFI program induced fragmentation of the habitat of pine warbler and the establishment of narrow and elongated habitats in a network structure for the remaining species. Both patterns are determined by SMZs. The scenario representing management according to the SFI program presents higher sediment yield at the watershed level than the scenario representing management not according to the SFI program due to higher channel erosion related to the absence of buffer strips in the non-SFI scenario. In general, management according to the SFI program increases landscape diversity and evenness, habitat suitability for most species, potential vertebrate diversity, and provides habitat structure suitable for most species. This management also decreases sediment loss at the watershed level.

WIEGAND, Mario Cesar. Proposta metodológica para estimativa da produção de sedimentos em grandes bacias hidrográficas: estudo de caso Alto Jaguaribe, CE. 2009. 109 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em engenharia agrícola)- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza-CE, 2009. / Submitted by Elineudson Ribeiro (elineudsonr@gmail.com) on 2016-06-24T19:17:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_mcwiegand.pdf: 10173855 bytes, checksum: 4bf39f0c74e0ccbca5361594889230d0 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-07-21T20:20:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_mcwiegand.pdf: 10173855 bytes, checksum: 4bf39f0c74e0ccbca5361594889230d0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T20:20:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2009_dis_mcwiegand.pdf: 10173855 bytes, checksum: 4bf39f0c74e0ccbca5361594889230d0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Estimation of sediment yield in large river basins has great importance for the analysis and monitoring of water availability and, consequently, for water resources management. However, there are several difficulties related to such estimation. Thus, the scope of this study was to propose a methodology to estimate sediment yield in large river basins with a large number of dams. The study basin is located within the Upper Jaguaribe basin and presents an area, obtained by SRTM data, of 20,670 km². The sediment yield estimation was based on a suspended sediment rating-curve, obtained by measurements of liquid and solid discharges at the basin outlet. The bedload was estimated using the model of Einstein and Brown. Also, the estimation of sediment retention in reservoirs located upstream the basin outlet was carried out. They were classified as small dams (< 50 hm³), which were grouped into five classes according to their storage capacity, and strategic dams (> 50 hm³). Note that sediment yield was obtained for a 25-years period (1984-2008). The results obtained for total sediment yield within the basin was about 450 t.km-².year-1. From this total, about 130 t.km-².year-1 reach the basin outlet, of which 79% correspond to suspended sediment and 21% is bedload. On the other hand, approximately 320 t.km-².year-1 are retained in the surface reservoirs: 91% are trapped in small reservoirs and 9% are trapped in the large dams of the basin. It can be concluded that the results obtained in this study for the total sediment yield in a large river basin is in agreement to that obtained by other authors in South America. It should also be pointed out that the small dams play an important role in the region, not only in relation to the accumulation of water, but also to the retention of sediment generated in the basin. Such retention prevents that the sediment reaches the strategic dams (Orós, for instance), reducing their sedimentation rates and thus, minimizing the impact of sedimentation on overall water availability in the basin. / A estimativa da produção de sedimentos em grandes bacias hidrográficas possui vasta importância para a análise e o monitoramento da disponibilidade hídrica e, por consequência, para a gestão dos recursos hídricos. Todavia, vários são os óbices relacionados a tal estimativa. Desta forma, o escopo geral deste estudo foi propor uma metodologia para estimar a produção de sedimentos em grandes bacias hidrográficas com número elevado de açudes. A bacia estudada encontra-se inserida na bacia do Alto Jaguaribe e apresentou uma área, obtida através do SRTM, de 20.670 km². A estimativa da produção de sedimento foi realizada com base na curva-chave de sedimento em suspensão, obtida através de medições de descargas líquidas e sólidas no exutório da bacia. A carga de sedimento de leito foi estimada aplicando-se o modelo Einstein e Brown. Procedeu-se, ainda, a estimativa do total de sedimento retido em reservatórios a montante do exutório da bacia monitorada. Estes foram classificados em pequenos açudes (<50 hm³), os quais foram agrupados em cinco classes de acordo com sua capacidade total de acumulação, e açudes estratégicos (>50 hm³). Salienta-se que a produção de sedimento foi obtida para uma série histórica de 25 anos (1984-2008). O resultado encontrado para a produção de sedimento total dentro da bacia foi da ordem de 450 t.km2.ano1. Desse total, cerca de 130 t.km-2.ano-1 passam pelo exutório da bacia, dos quais 79% correspondem a sedimento em suspensão e 21% a sedimento de leito. Por sua vez, 320 t.km-2.ano-1 ficam retidos nos reservatórios, sendo que 91% ficam presos nos pequenos reservatórios e 9% ficam presos nos grandes açudes da bacia. Conclui-se, desta forma, que o resultado encontrado neste estudo para a produção total de sedimento em grandes bacias aproxima-se do obtido por outros autores para a América do Sul. Ressalta-se, ainda, que a pequena açudagem exerce um papel de grande relevância na região, não somente em relação ao acúmulo de água para dessedentação e irrigação, mas também, quanto à retenção de sedimento erodido na bacia. Tal retenção evita que o sedimento chegue aos açudes estratégicos (Orós, por exemplo) diminuindo sua taxa de assoreamento e, portanto, minimizando a redução da disponibilidade hídrica na bacia.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The intense use of the soil and natural resources emphasizes the importance of researching fields related to sediment transport and sediment deposition in catchments. Consequently sediment yield is object of concern in situations regarding the land se and water resources management. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the sediment yield at Sao Martinho da Serra experimental catchment (region named Lajeado Grande). Such evaluation was accomplished by monitoring the water resources in the specific region. The field methodology included liquid discharges measurements, rainfall data collection, suspended sediment and bed material sampling, included tests to determine suspended sediment concentration and particle size distribution for the suspended and bed material. Sediment and flow rating curves were produced to the specific catchment. The largest possible number of rainfall events was monitored during the research period (23/12/2005 a 15/06/2007). The water level and the discharge measurements were carried out upstream and downstream to the studying area. Rainfall data were obtained from the rain gauge installed next to the area. Six methods were applied to calculate the sediment yield during rainfall events. Such methods were chosen according the measured data availabilty. The best adjust between sediment yield measured and calculated values was obtained with the application of MUSLE, which was applied by sub-catchments and relates the sediment yield to the observed effective rainfall (Hef). / O intenso uso do solo e recursos naturais em geral, tem mostrado a importância de estudos e pesquisas nas áreas referentes ao transporte e deposição de sedimentos nas bacias hidrográficas, conseqüentemente a produção de sedimentos é objeto de preocupação em todas as situações referentes à gestão do uso do solo e da água. O principal objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de sedimentos na Bacia experimental de São Martinho da Serra (região chamada arroio Lajeado Grande) através do monitoramento dos recursos hídricos no Município de São Martinho da Serra. A metodologia utilizada foi medida de descarga líquida no campo, coleta de amostras de sedimentos em suspensão e do material de fundo, coleta e análise de dados de precipitação, análises de laboratório para determinação da concentração de sedimento em suspensão e, para determinação da distribuição granulométrica do material em suspensão e do material de fundo. Para tanto, foram determinadas as curvas chave de vazão e de sedimentos nas sessões em estudo. Foi medido o maior numero de eventos possíveis no período estudado (23/12/2005 a 15/06/2007). Com a coleta de dados nos equipamentos instalados à montante e jusante do local de estudo e com ajuda de um pluviômetro instalado próximo ao local foi possível tirar dados de cota, vazão e precipitação. Seis métodos de cálculo foram aplicados para determinar a produção de sedimento em eventos chuvosos. Tais métodos foram escolhidos devido a disponibilidade de dados observados e calculados. O método que forneceu melhor ajuste dos resultados calculados aos dados medidos de produção de sedimento, foi a MUSLE, aplicada por sub-bacias, utilizando a altura e a duração da chuva efetiva observada (Hef).

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-09-20T11:46:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Caetano Claudio Pereira Junior.pdf: 486816 bytes, checksum: 644227b87e993753a85893aed901c87c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-20T11:46:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Caetano Claudio Pereira Junior.pdf: 486816 bytes, checksum: 644227b87e993753a85893aed901c87c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-25 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The predicted runoff and soil erosion in semiarid basins is essential in planning, management and exploitation of natural resources. Physically based hydrological models that can consider the effects of changes in land use constitute excellent tools to that end. This study has evaluated the model parameters for Kineros2 at Mimoso Representative Basin (BRM) in city of Pesqueira, Pernambuco, through the calibration of numerical simulations, seeking the best representation in the processes involved in the flow. In the study area there are 18 plots, each plot with 1 x 3 m, with different types of vegetation. Each plot received a total of three simulated rainfall, which generated 42 events with production of runoff and sediments. The parameters of water distribution in soil G (capillarity) and similarly the parameter cf, which is on the calculation of erosion by impact of raindrops, were calibrated for each event, until the values of flow production and drained calculated sediment were close enough to the values observed. In this study, the coefficient of determination of Nash-Sutcliffe results for runoff ranged between 0.47 and 0.92, 88% of the analyzed events, with an average value of 0.61. The results of this study can be considered satisfactory, due to the reduced dimensions of the study area low and when compared with other works from literature. / A previsão do escoamento superficial e da erosão do solo nas bacias em regiões semiáridas é indispensável nos processos de planejamento, aproveitamento e gestão dos recursos naturais. Modelos hidrossedimentológicos de base física, que possam considerar os efeitos das mudanças de uso do solo fornecem, através da modelagem dos processos, um excelente meio para esse fim. Esta pesquisa teve com objetivo avaliar os parâmetros do modelo Kineros2 para as parcelas experimentais localizadas na Bacia Representativa do Mimoso (BRM), no Município de Pesqueira, no Agreste de Pernambuco, através da calibração de simulações numéricas, buscando a melhor representação nos processos envolvidos no escoamento. Na área em estudo há 18 parcelas experimentais, sendo cada parcela com 1 x 3 m, com diferentes tipos de cobertura vegetal. Cada parcela experimental recebeu um total de três chuvas simuladas, que geraram 42 eventos, com produção de escoamento superficial e de sedimentos. Os parâmetros de distribuição de água no solo G (capilaridade) e de mesma forma o parâmetro cf, o qual é relativo ao cálculo da erosão por impacto das gotas de chuva, foram calibrados em cada evento, até que os valores da lâmina escoada e a produção de sedimentos calculados se aproximassem dos valores observados. Neste trabalho, o coeficiente de determinação de Nash-Sutcliffe para resultados escoamento superficial variou entre 0,47 e 0,92, em 88% dos eventos analisados, com um valor médio 0,61. Os resultados encontrados neste estudo podem ser considerados satisfatórios, devido ao fato das dimensões da área em estudo serem bastante reduzidos e quando comparados com outros trabalhos da literatura.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-10-14T13:35:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdemir de Paula e Silva Junior.pdf: 1674024 bytes, checksum: fa219e683d9e8d4feb594943a85825eb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-10-14T13:37:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Valdemir de Paula e Silva Junior.pdf: 1674024 bytes, checksum: fa219e683d9e8d4feb594943a85825eb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-07-27 / Water erosion is one of the main processes responsible for soil physical degradation, since, break up and carries the particles with greater ease. The characteristics of the quantity of sediment transported to the rivers, besides informing about the behavior of the watershed, have great relevance to the maintenance of ecosystems, planning and utilization of water resources in a region, or to verify the viability of human intervention to supply or irrigation, or for design of hydraulic works. The present study was to evaluate the hydrological and sedimentological characteristics basin of the Mimoso rivulet, semiarid in Pernambuco in the city of Pesqueira, with a total area of 124.36 km ² and a concentration time of 3.49 hours. The experimental watershed of the creek showed Mimoso hydrological responses with high peak flows, with values of 13.17 m³ s-1. The production of suspended solid discharge Mimoso Creek, was a minimum of 0.063 t dia-1 and a maximum of 954.38 t dia-1 for the year 2009 and a minimum of 0.118 t dia-1 and a maximum of 908.2 t dia-1 in 2010. / A erosão hídrica é um dos principais processos responsáveis pela degradação física do solo, uma vez que desagrega e transporta as partículas com maior facilidade. As características de quantidade dos sedimentos transportados aos rios, além de informar sobre o comportamento da bacia hidrográfica, apresentam grande relevância para a manutenção de ecossistemas, planejamento e aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos de uma região, seja para análise de viabilidade de intervenção antrópica para abastecimento ou irrigação, ou para dimensionamento de obras hidráulicas. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as características hidrossedimentológicas da bacia hidrográfica do Riacho Mimoso, no semiárido pernambucano, no município de Pesqueira, com uma área total de 124,36 km² e um tempo de concentração de 3,49 horas. A bacia experimental e representativa do Riacho Mimoso apresentou respostas hidrológicas com altos picos de vazão, com valores de até 13,17 m³ s-1. A produção de descarga sólida em suspensão do Riacho Mimoso, foi de um mínimo de 0,063 t dia-1 e um máximo de 954,38 t dia-1, para o ano de 2009 e um mínimo de 0,118 t dia-1 e um máximo de 908,2 t dia-1, em 2010.

Estimation of sediment yield in large river basins has great importance for the analysis and monitoring of water availability and, consequently, for water resources management. However, there are several difficulties related to such estimation. Thus, the scope of this study was to propose a methodology to estimate sediment yield in large river basins with a large number of dams. The study basin is located within the Upper Jaguaribe basin and presents an area, obtained by SRTM data, of 20,670 kmÂ. The sediment yield estimation was based on a suspended sediment rating-curve, obtained by measurements of liquid and solid discharges at the basin outlet. The bedload was estimated using the model of Einstein and Brown. Also, the estimation of sediment retention in reservoirs located upstream the basin outlet was carried out. They were classified as small dams (< 50 hmÂ), which were grouped into five classes according to their storage capacity, and strategic dams (> 50 hmÂ). Note that sediment yield was obtained for a 25-years period (1984-2008). The results obtained for total sediment yield within the basin was about 450 t.km-Â.year-1. From this total, about 130 t.km-Â.year-1 reach the basin outlet, of which 79% correspond to suspended sediment and 21% is bedload. On the other hand, approximately 320 t.km-Â.year-1 are retained in the surface reservoirs: 91% are trapped in small reservoirs and 9% are trapped in the large dams of the basin. It can be concluded that the results obtained in this study for the total sediment yield in a large river basin is in agreement to that obtained by other authors in South America. It should also be pointed out that the small dams play an important role in the region, not only in relation to the accumulation of water, but also to the retention of sediment generated in the basin. Such retention prevents that the sediment reaches the strategic dams (OrÃs, for instance), reducing their sedimentation rates and thus, minimizing the impact of sedimentation on overall water availability in the basin. / A estimativa da produÃÃo de sedimentos em grandes bacias hidrogrÃficas possui vasta importÃncia para a anÃlise e o monitoramento da disponibilidade hÃdrica e, por consequÃncia, para a gestÃo dos recursos hÃdricos. Todavia, vÃrios sÃo os Ãbices relacionados a tal estimativa. Desta forma, o escopo geral deste estudo foi propor uma metodologia para estimar a produÃÃo de sedimentos em grandes bacias hidrogrÃficas com nÃmero elevado de aÃudes. A bacia estudada encontra-se inserida na bacia do Alto Jaguaribe e apresentou uma Ãrea, obtida atravÃs do SRTM, de 20.670 kmÂ. A estimativa da produÃÃo de sedimento foi realizada com base na curva-chave de sedimento em suspensÃo, obtida atravÃs de mediÃÃes de descargas lÃquidas e sÃlidas no exutÃrio da bacia. A carga de sedimento de leito foi estimada aplicando-se o modelo Einstein e Brown. Procedeu-se, ainda, a estimativa do total de sedimento retido em reservatÃrios a montante do exutÃrio da bacia monitorada. Estes foram classificados em pequenos aÃudes (<50 hmÂ), os quais foram agrupados em cinco classes de acordo com sua capacidade total de acumulaÃÃo, e aÃudes estratÃgicos (>50 hmÂ). Salienta-se que a produÃÃo de sedimento foi obtida para uma sÃrie histÃrica de 25 anos (1984-2008). O resultado encontrado para a produÃÃo de sedimento total dentro da bacia foi da ordem de 450 t.km2.ano1. Desse total, cerca de 130 t.km-2.ano-1 passam pelo exutÃrio da bacia, dos quais 79% correspondem a sedimento em suspensÃo e 21% a sedimento de leito. Por sua vez, 320 t.km-2.ano-1 ficam retidos nos reservatÃrios, sendo que 91% ficam presos nos pequenos reservatÃrios e 9% ficam presos nos grandes aÃudes da bacia. Conclui-se, desta forma, que o resultado encontrado neste estudo para a produÃÃo total de sedimento em grandes bacias aproxima-se do obtido por outros autores para a AmÃrica do Sul. Ressalta-se, ainda, que a pequena aÃudagem exerce um papel de grande relevÃncia na regiÃo, nÃo somente em relaÃÃo ao acÃmulo de Ãgua para dessedentaÃÃo e irrigaÃÃo, mas tambÃm, quanto à retenÃÃo de sedimento erodido na bacia. Tal retenÃÃo evita que o sedimento chegue aos aÃudes estratÃgicos (OrÃs, por exemplo) diminuindo sua taxa de assoreamento e, portanto, minimizando a reduÃÃo da disponibilidade hÃdrica na bacia.

Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul / The sediment yield causes a number of problems, and among them stands out silting of rivers and reservoirs, and contamination of surface water. Sediments result from the processes of erosion, transport, storage and compression. They depend on the physical characteristics of the watershed, as well as soil use and land cover. To study the sediment yield of a river is important to estimate the amount and origin of the sediments transported and deposited in a watershed. Therefore, it is possible to obtain knowledge about the unit of study, which leads to better planning and use of water resources. From liquid and solid discharge measurements in a river section, and conducting a sedimentometrical balance in Vacacaí Mirim reservoir, located at Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, the objective of this research is to characterize the sediment yield of a small watershed. The methodology was based on two stages: the first one was about the sedimentometrical characterization of the study area, and it was carried out between January and November of 2014, with the continuous monitoring of flow and sediments in fluviossedimentometrical station João Goulart, whose laboratory samples were also characterized and had their sediment concentration determined; the second stage was about the execution of sedimentometrical balance in the reservoir with the help of HEC-HMS 4.0 modeling program. Sediment entries, storage and output were checked in Vacacaí Mirim reservoir, which influences the study area. The results for the hydrossedimentometrical monitoring were satisfactory, getting a key curve with determination coefficient of 0.96; sedimentometrical curves ranged from 0.93 to 0.98; concentration ratio between suspended sediment and turbidity was 0.84, being considered acceptable; particle size characteristics were predominantly silt, for suspended material, and sand, for dragged material. Balance calibration for sedimentometrical hydrologic model gave a Nasch-Sutcliffe between 0.13 to 0.53 and 0.44 in validation; about reservoir sediments balance, it was noted and therefore considered that all sediment that enters the reservoir is retained and more sediment is produced downstream thereof mouth of the river it reaches the watershed. / A produção de sedimentos ocasiona uma série de problemas, entre eles destacam-se assoreamento dos rios e reservatórios e contaminação das águas superficiais. Os sedimentos são resultado dos processos de erosão, transporte, depósito e compactação. Dependem das características físicas da bacia hidrográfica e do uso e ocupação do solo. Estudar a produção de sedimentos em um rio é importante para estimar a quantidade e a origem dos sedimentos transportados e depositados em uma bacia hidrográfica, podendo assim, obter conhecimento da unidade de estudo e realizar um melhor planejamento e aproveitamento dos recursos hídricos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é de caracterizar a produção de sedimentos de uma pequena bacia hidrográfica, a partir de medições de descarga líquida e sólida na seção do rio e realizar um balanço sedimentométrico no reservatório do Vacacaí Mirim no município de Santa Maria. A metodologia se baseou em duas etapas: primeira etapa foi à realização da caracterização sedimentométrica da área de estudo com o monitoramento contínuo das vazões e sedimentos na estação fluviossedimentométrica João Goulart no período de janeiro a novembro de 2014 e na determinação da concentração de sedimentos e caracterização das amostras em laboratório; a segunda etapa foi à realização do balanço sedimentométrico no reservatório com o auxílio do programa de modelagem HEC-HMS 4.0 onde foram verificados as entradas, armazenamento e saída de sedimentos no reservatório Vacacaí Mirim que influencia a área de estudo. Os resultados obtidos para o monitoramento hidrossedimentométrico foram satisfatórios, obtendo uma curva-chave com coeficiente de determinação de 0,96; as curvas sedimentométricas variando de 0,93 a 0,98; a relação da concentração de sedimentos em suspensão e a turbidez foi de 0,84 sendo consideradas aceitáveis; as características granulométricas do material em suspensão foi predominante o silte e para o material em arraste foi à areia. Para o balanço sedimentométrico a calibração hidrológica do modelo obteve-se um Nasch-Sutcliffe entre 0,13 a 0,53 e na validação de 0,44; as considerações observadas no balanço de sedimentos no reservatório foram que todo o sedimento que entra fica retido no reservatório e é produzido mais sedimentos a jusante do mesmo que chega até o exutório da bacia.

Nowadays the sediment becomes one significant problem to reservoir watershed and it is effect and related to reservoir operation system. As the research topic, an integrated sediment approach and impacts of climate change on reservoir sedimentation, there are three main parts demonstrated in this research that all parts are related together with sediment point of view. Annual sediment depositing volume in reservoir was estimated by general soil loss equation but the efficiency was not acceptable. The first part of this study shows that the efficiency is improved by using general soil loss equation with sediment transport model. The second part is about monitoring the sediment inflow to reservoir. The important parameter to operate the reservoir is turbidity concentration of flow into dam, in the second part the suspended sediment concentration was predicted by real time therefore the reservoir operation to release turbid flow will get more efficiency. For last part, in the next future year sediment yield and water resources on the study area were investigated by extrapolated temperature and rainfall data then the results will be useful for long term reservoir operation system. First part, the integrated sedimentation was used to model an annual depositing sediment volume in reservoir. Sediment system in watershed includes not only sediment yield but also sediment transportation along the rivers. In this study, the Geographic Information System (GIS) incorporated with sediment yield model can be assisted to enhance the evaluation estimation of soil erosion. Surface erosion on Managawa river basin is then computed with the Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE) and it is verified to reflect the hydrological processes to which it will be able to estimate soil losses. In the sediment transport routing module, total load equation is applied to carry sediment from soil surface erosion to deposit in Managawa dam. According to annual accumulation sediment volume data in Managawa reservoir during 1981 – 2004, the establish model and simulation results are satisfied. The efficiency of the Modified Universal Equation with sediment routing in rivers is more than the simple Modified Universal Equation. Second part, the real time suspended sediment concentration forecasting was used for monitoring the turbidity flow on the upstream of reservoir. The sediment flow into the reservoir is a factor for decision support in real time reservoir operation therefore the serious area of sediment erosion of Managawa river basin, Japan is monitored by suspended sediment gauge. The hourly suspended sediment concentration at Okumotani station; the upstream of Managawa reservoir, was monitored and estimated by the artificial neural network (ANN) model that the input data were rainfall data and its products. This artificial neural network (ANN) was calibrated and validated by using recently suspended sediment data on heavy rainfall events from December 2006 to January 2008. Choosing an appropriate neural network structure and providing field data to that network for training purpose are address by using a constructive back propagation algorithm. Rainfall and its products; the computed discharge from rainfall runoff model and rainfall intensity, were applied as inputs to neural network. It is demonstrated that the artificial neural network (ANN) is capable of modeling the hourly suspended sediment concentration with good accuracy and the neural network model has efficiency more than the multiple linear regression (MLR) model and the sediment rating curve (SRC) model. Last part, the effects of climate change on water resources and sediment yield were investigated by climate change scenarios which the main meteorological data were rainfall and temperature data. Historic trends of temperature and precipitation on Managawa river basin were detected by parametric and nonparametric tests. The daily mean temperature data from 1981 to 2008 at Ono station, Fukui prefecture was the representative of temperature on the study area. The hourly rainfall data from 1981 to 2008 were obtained by Managawa dam office processed with the reliability of data and weighted data. From monotonic and step trend tests, the temperature trend was found herein to follow a clear and steady trend every month. The average annual temperature exhibited an increasing trend with a magnitude 0.4 ºC per decade. Application of the Mann-Kendall and Mann-Whitney test for rainfall time series on Managawa river basin showed no step change and no monotonic trend in Managawa precipitation. The average annual precipitation exhibited a decreasing trend with a magnitude 52 mm per decade. The weather generating models both temperature and rainfall expressed the high efficiency for validation step. The generated weather series 2009 - 2060; temperature and precipitation height, for future climatic conditions can be inputted into the soil loss equation to investigate the change in sediment sources and extrapolated rainfall can be inputted to rainfall runoff model to investigate the change in runoff for future climate change condition. The sediment yield rate should be reduced because of the decrease in precipitation. / Kyoto University (京都大学) / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第14934号 / 工博第3161号 / 新制||工||1474(附属図書館) / 27372 / UT51-2009-M848 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科社会基盤工学専攻 / (主査)教授 角 哲也, 教授 田村 武, 教授 藤田 正治 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当

Gully erosion is a global problem that degrades land and reduces its utility for agriculture, development, and water quality. Quantification of sediment yield and control of sediment sources is essential for environmental protection. Five methods to evaluate erosion rates and sediment yield on an east Tennessee, USA, hillslope were compared: (1) physical measurement by removal of accumulated sediment using 10 L buckets; (2) repeated measurement of erosion pins in gully (erosional) and delta (depositional) areas; (3) geometric model using a combination trapezoidal prism-cylinder segment; (4) geometric model using a series of trapezoidal pyramids; and (5) 3D solid computer modeling. The 3D solid model created in SolidWorks was selected as the reference model and all other methods overestimated sediment yield to varying degrees. Erosion pin methods overestimated sediment yield by 368% in deltas and 123% in gullies. Volumetric measurement of sediment using buckets overestimated sediment yield by 160% due to void space in the buckets. The trapezoidal prism-cylinder segment model overestimated sediment yield by 66% and the trapezoidal pyramids method overestimated sediment yield by 5.7%. For estimation of sediment trapped behind an elliptical or circular silt fence dam, use of the trapezoidal pyramid method provides a good approximation comparable to 3D solid computer modeling.

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