The purpose of this research is to identify the selection criteria used by the management professors when they interview the candidates for MBA entrance examination in Taiwan. Seven famous graduate schools of business management were chosen for this study. With Q-method and survey, this study ranks and classifies the selection criteria of each graduate school. The samples include professors of those graduate schools and students who have gone through the selection interview. By using factor analysis, the research found the different types of professors with different selection criteria. The finding can be very useful for the graduate schools to know what students their faculty really wants. In addition, it is also informational to those applicants who want to enter the MBA program through selection channel to choose an appropriate graduate school. The findings of this research indicated: 1.These seven graduate schools used different selection criteria. 2.Most of all professors agree that the analyzing ability and foreign language are the two most important criteria. 3.Comparing the ¡§my own view¡¨ and ¡§perception of colleagues¡¦ view¡¨, the research did find some significant differences. 4.Higher consensus exists among the professors at Cheng-chi, Yuan Ze and FuJen Catholic University. The professors of Sun Yat-sen University, Cheng-Kung University and Taiwan University were more diversified. 5.Attitude towards selection criteria is not the same among the professors from different countries where they were educated. 6.Five types of Professors can be distinguished is terms of the selection criteria used.

Vulnerability in software receives constant attention in the media and in research. Yearly rates of disclosure of vulnerabilities in software have doubled. The discipline of Information Assurance lacks metrics that are useful in understanding vulnerability. In the problem of vulnerability assessment tool selection, users must make product choices based on results found in non-peer reviewed publications or subjective opinion. Users of vulnerability assessment tools must sift through volumes of data about their systems and are shown broad indications of the severity of the problems ? often a high-medium-low ranking, which varies between tools. A need exists for metrics and a selection model for tool quality assessment. This study addresses these needs by analysis of the discipline of vulnerability assessment and remediation from first principles, and presents an organized approach and a bestit metrics based model for selecting vulnerability assessment tools.

Digital material has different preservation requirements than non-digital and is at greater risk of loss unless deliberate preservation activities are undertaken. Digital preservation is an on-going managed process designed to enable continued use of digital material for as long as necessary. Much of the digital preservation research to date has focused on understanding technical steps in preserving digital objects and there has been less attention paid to assumptions about selection and the conceptual underpinnings of practice. Selection is done, not conceptualised. Therefore the aim of this research was to investigate the theory and practice of selection for digital preservation in UK memory institutions. The objectives employed to achieve this aim were firstly to examine the underlying theory relating to selection in libraries, archives and museums of non-digital material. The research then went on to investigate who the stakeholders are in selection, how selection of digital material is performed and identifying the key influential factors in selection. An intensive, qualitative approach was used to complete these objectives. A thorough review of the literature provided a theoretical background to selection in libraries, archives and museums. Then preliminary data were gathered through a set of exploratory interviews with eight digital preservation experts in order to provide an overview of selection for digital preservation. The findings from these interviews then formed the basis for the second set of interviews with twenty five practitioners working in libraries, archives and museums. The views of practitioners were under-explored in the literature although it is they that perform selection. In addition to these interviews, twenty two current digital preservation policies were examined. This research has found that there is on the whole little change required for selecting digital material, in comparison to selecting non-digital material, although technical criteria relating to the ability of the institution to manage and preserve the material are of high importance. There is a clear assumption in institutions of selection leading only to permanent collecting, which should be questioned. This research has uncovered drivers to selection, including external funders, and barriers, which include a lack of confidence and knowledge on the part of practitioners in how to select and manage digital material. Concepts identified through this research provide a deeper understanding of selection for digital preservation in different contexts and encapsulate key factors underpinning selection. The concept of professionalism is a key factor; the need to be professional and ethical guide s practitioners through specific professional skills and knowledge. The practitioners become engaged with digital material and the level of engagement mirrors the way digital material is conceptualised by practitioners. Many stakeholders were identified, including managers, senior managers, users, creators and donors, funders, other organisations and IT staff. Relationships with stakeholders and the possible roles they play in selection were found to be key factors in selection. These findings contributed to the achievement of the final objective, which was to develop a conceptual model of key factors underpinning selection for of digital material for preservation. The conceptual model consists of five main concepts and their relationships: professionalism; relationships; organisational capabilities; material properties; and boundaries. There is a clear need for greater availability and access to training and networking opportunities for practitioners in order to increase engagement with digital material. Through this research, factors relating to selection have been identified and conceptualised. It has uncovered issues not previously addressed, in particular relating to the social aspect of selection. This research provides an understanding of the complexities of selection and the influences upon it.

The European Commission has for some time indicated a desire to remove the remaining restrictions on cabotage. Such liberalization is expected to result in significant changes on some domestic road transport markets. The Scandinavian markets are among these and the local hauilers fear that the lower wages of Easter European hauliers will leave them out of business. In this thesis a scenario of full cabotage liberalization is assumed. Representatives from associations with interest within the Scandinavian road transport markets has been approached with a qualitative survey on carrier selection criteria. Respondents are asked to determine the importance of the criteria, as well as the relevance to the competition between Scandinavian and Eastern European hauliers. Finally they are asked to assess whether the advantage of each criterion lies with Scandinavian or Eastern European hauliers. The qualitative orientation of the survey is achieved though justification and follow up questions. Reliability of pickups and deliveries is still regarded the most important criteria. Also competitive prices received a high rating. It is concluded that the significant price difference between Scandinavian and Eastern European hauliers will benefit Eastern European hauliers considerably in the competition for the simple “from A to B” shipments. For more complicated shipments, entailing a higher level of service, communication and supply chain integration, the local hauliers are expected to stand their ground.

When selecting applicants for professions with job descriptions involving complex human interaction, identifying suitable candidates is essential. This strongly applies in police selection, because police officers must act appropriately at all times, deal with difficult and sometimes dangerous work situations, and come into contact with people who are in highly emotional states, such as anxiety, fear, excitement, and shock. However, suitability is a broad and vague concept that cannot be even defined without understanding the value of various personal skills and qualities for specific duties, ways that such skills are manifested during life as an officer (potentially both on- and off-duty), and appropriate ways to assess them. The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the personal skills and qualities that are relevant to suitability for the police profession with a special focus on the concept of empathy, and to investigate how it can be conceptualized and measured in the context of selection. Two of the four studies focused on different perspectives regarding the personal skills and qualities of a good police officer, while the other two focused on theoretical aspects and practical measurement of empathy. Mixed methods were used, in acknowledgement of the value of using different forms of data collection, material, and analytical methods to achieve valid information. The results and findings support several of the personal skills and qualities that have been identified in previous research and also can be found as criteria in police selection. Empathy should be considered in the selection process, but it is also important to ensure that there is an alignment between the definition of the concept and practical outcomes in police work. The findings indicate that empathy could be conceptualized in a relevant way using a social cognitive neuroscience (SCN) approach. In particular, a modified, Swedish 4-factor version of the Empathy Assessment Index (based on recent theoretical advances in SCN) appears to have considerable potential for further development. Future studies will focus on areas identified as requiring further research, such as the development of this instrument by adding complementary measures focusing on manifestations of empathy and other relevant qualities in actual work-related situations. Other aspects that require further attention include the definition, assessment, and impact of social desirability in selection contexts.

Projetos estratégicos são selecionados por executivos com base em critérios pré-estabelecidos. Esses critérios, definidos com base no conhecimento tácito dos gestores, precisam ser desdobrados para o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de forma a proporcionar que os mesmos se façam presentes como atributos dos projetos ou ações operacionais no processo. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa buscou identificar os critérios relevantes para os executivos, que exprimam as suas expectativas quanto à convergência com a visão estratégica da organização, e proporcionar entendimento de como estes critérios podem ser desdobrados para atingir a equipe de desenvolvimento de produtos. A pesquisa trabalhou um desdobramento dos critérios para aumentar a possibilidade do projeto estratégico de design ser aceito pela gestão executiva de forma mais ágil e assertiva. O trabalho de pesquisa iniciou com a revisão da bibliografia, na qual foi elaborado um referencial teórico acerca da definição de critérios de seleção de projetos e do processo de desdobramento dos critérios ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Em seguida, entrevistas com executivos das empresas participantes forneceram um referencial prático de como o processo de seleção efetivamente acontece nas organizações. Nesta etapa foram elencados os critérios que os executivos consideram importantes na seleção de projetos estratégicos com foco no design. Finalizando, por meio de grupos de estudo, abrangendo as áreas de design e desenvolvimento de produtos, foram tratados os meios pelos quais os critérios migram da expectativa dos gestores para os produtos e processo de desenvolvimento. Como resultado, o trabalho apresentou um conjunto de diretrizes para que as empresas possam desdobrar seus critérios de seleção de projetos estratégicos de design em atributos de projeto e ações operacionais ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. / Strategic projects are selected by executives based on pre-established criteria. These criteria, based on the tacit knowledge of managers, need to be deployed throughout the product development process in order to ensure they will be present as project attributes or operational actions. In this context, this study sought to identify the relevant criteria for executives who express their expectations about the convergence with the strategic vision of the organization, and provide understanding of how these deployed to achieve the product development team. The research worked the criteria deployment to thereby increase the possibility of the strategic design project receive acceptance by the executive management in a more agile and assertive way. The research began with the literature review, which was seeking a theoretical reference about the definition of project selection criteria and the deployment process of the criteria throughout the product development process. Following, interviews with executives of participating companies gave a practical reference on how the selection process actually happens in organizations. At this stage it was assembled a list of criteria that executives consider important in selecting strategic projects focusing on design. Finally, through study groups, covering the areas of design and product development, the means by which the criteria migrate from managers´ expectations to products and development process were treated. As a result, the survey presented a set of guidelines in order to companies to deploy its strategic design projects selection criteria in project attributes and operational actions throughout the product development process.

Projetos estratégicos são selecionados por executivos com base em critérios pré-estabelecidos. Esses critérios, definidos com base no conhecimento tácito dos gestores, precisam ser desdobrados para o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de forma a proporcionar que os mesmos se façam presentes como atributos dos projetos ou ações operacionais no processo. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa buscou identificar os critérios relevantes para os executivos, que exprimam as suas expectativas quanto à convergência com a visão estratégica da organização, e proporcionar entendimento de como estes critérios podem ser desdobrados para atingir a equipe de desenvolvimento de produtos. A pesquisa trabalhou um desdobramento dos critérios para aumentar a possibilidade do projeto estratégico de design ser aceito pela gestão executiva de forma mais ágil e assertiva. O trabalho de pesquisa iniciou com a revisão da bibliografia, na qual foi elaborado um referencial teórico acerca da definição de critérios de seleção de projetos e do processo de desdobramento dos critérios ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Em seguida, entrevistas com executivos das empresas participantes forneceram um referencial prático de como o processo de seleção efetivamente acontece nas organizações. Nesta etapa foram elencados os critérios que os executivos consideram importantes na seleção de projetos estratégicos com foco no design. Finalizando, por meio de grupos de estudo, abrangendo as áreas de design e desenvolvimento de produtos, foram tratados os meios pelos quais os critérios migram da expectativa dos gestores para os produtos e processo de desenvolvimento. Como resultado, o trabalho apresentou um conjunto de diretrizes para que as empresas possam desdobrar seus critérios de seleção de projetos estratégicos de design em atributos de projeto e ações operacionais ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. / Strategic projects are selected by executives based on pre-established criteria. These criteria, based on the tacit knowledge of managers, need to be deployed throughout the product development process in order to ensure they will be present as project attributes or operational actions. In this context, this study sought to identify the relevant criteria for executives who express their expectations about the convergence with the strategic vision of the organization, and provide understanding of how these deployed to achieve the product development team. The research worked the criteria deployment to thereby increase the possibility of the strategic design project receive acceptance by the executive management in a more agile and assertive way. The research began with the literature review, which was seeking a theoretical reference about the definition of project selection criteria and the deployment process of the criteria throughout the product development process. Following, interviews with executives of participating companies gave a practical reference on how the selection process actually happens in organizations. At this stage it was assembled a list of criteria that executives consider important in selecting strategic projects focusing on design. Finally, through study groups, covering the areas of design and product development, the means by which the criteria migrate from managers´ expectations to products and development process were treated. As a result, the survey presented a set of guidelines in order to companies to deploy its strategic design projects selection criteria in project attributes and operational actions throughout the product development process.

Projetos estratégicos são selecionados por executivos com base em critérios pré-estabelecidos. Esses critérios, definidos com base no conhecimento tácito dos gestores, precisam ser desdobrados para o processo de desenvolvimento de produtos de forma a proporcionar que os mesmos se façam presentes como atributos dos projetos ou ações operacionais no processo. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa buscou identificar os critérios relevantes para os executivos, que exprimam as suas expectativas quanto à convergência com a visão estratégica da organização, e proporcionar entendimento de como estes critérios podem ser desdobrados para atingir a equipe de desenvolvimento de produtos. A pesquisa trabalhou um desdobramento dos critérios para aumentar a possibilidade do projeto estratégico de design ser aceito pela gestão executiva de forma mais ágil e assertiva. O trabalho de pesquisa iniciou com a revisão da bibliografia, na qual foi elaborado um referencial teórico acerca da definição de critérios de seleção de projetos e do processo de desdobramento dos critérios ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. Em seguida, entrevistas com executivos das empresas participantes forneceram um referencial prático de como o processo de seleção efetivamente acontece nas organizações. Nesta etapa foram elencados os critérios que os executivos consideram importantes na seleção de projetos estratégicos com foco no design. Finalizando, por meio de grupos de estudo, abrangendo as áreas de design e desenvolvimento de produtos, foram tratados os meios pelos quais os critérios migram da expectativa dos gestores para os produtos e processo de desenvolvimento. Como resultado, o trabalho apresentou um conjunto de diretrizes para que as empresas possam desdobrar seus critérios de seleção de projetos estratégicos de design em atributos de projeto e ações operacionais ao longo do processo de desenvolvimento de produtos. / Strategic projects are selected by executives based on pre-established criteria. These criteria, based on the tacit knowledge of managers, need to be deployed throughout the product development process in order to ensure they will be present as project attributes or operational actions. In this context, this study sought to identify the relevant criteria for executives who express their expectations about the convergence with the strategic vision of the organization, and provide understanding of how these deployed to achieve the product development team. The research worked the criteria deployment to thereby increase the possibility of the strategic design project receive acceptance by the executive management in a more agile and assertive way. The research began with the literature review, which was seeking a theoretical reference about the definition of project selection criteria and the deployment process of the criteria throughout the product development process. Following, interviews with executives of participating companies gave a practical reference on how the selection process actually happens in organizations. At this stage it was assembled a list of criteria that executives consider important in selecting strategic projects focusing on design. Finally, through study groups, covering the areas of design and product development, the means by which the criteria migrate from managers´ expectations to products and development process were treated. As a result, the survey presented a set of guidelines in order to companies to deploy its strategic design projects selection criteria in project attributes and operational actions throughout the product development process.

A sponsorship within sports can be based on different criteria depending on what type of company you ask. Thus, it is important for the athletes to be able to present the most attractive criteria within their sponsorship proposals. The aim of this study is therefore to provide a better understanding on which criteria that attracts companies to sponsor women in motorsport. The result from this study can thereby guide women in motorsport regarding which criteria they should include in their sponsorship proposal. Moreover, the result can help companies who are interested in getting a deeper understanding on the benefits that follows by sponsoring women in motorsport. The study is exploratory with a qualitative approach that has been conducted through case studies, which was based on semi-structured interviews with four companies. These companies were selected since they are currently sponsoring women in motorsport and could therefore explain which criteria, they find attractive with these sponsorships. The main findings of this study show that the criteria that mostly attracts companies to sponsor women in motorsport are media exposure, brand awareness and equality between genders. / Sponsring inom sport kan vara baserat på olika kriterier beroende vilket företag man frågar. Därmed är det viktigt för idrottare att kunna presentera de mest attraktiva kriterierna i sina sponsringsförslag. Av den orsaken är syftet med denna studie att ge en bättre förståelse för vilka kriterier som attraherar företag att sponsra kvinnor i motorsport. Resultatet från denna studie kan därigenom vägleda kvinnor inom motorsporten gällande vilka kriterier de bör inkludera i sina sponsringsförslag. Studien kan även hjälpa företag som vill få en djupare förståelse för fördelarna som resulterar av att sponsra kvinnor inom motorsporten. Den här forskningen är undersökande med en kvalitativ strategi och har genomförts med hjälp av fallstudier, baserade på semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra stycken företag. Dessa företag valdes ut eftersom de för närvarande sponsrar kvinnor inom motorsporten och de kan därför förklara vilka kriterier de tycker är attraktiva med dessa sponsorskap. Resultatet av denna forskning visar att de kriterier som främst lockar företag att sponsra kvinnor inom motorsporten är medieexponering, varumärkeskännedom samt jämställdhet mellan könen.

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS) / As a means to assuage historical land inequities, resultant socio-economic disparities and poverty alleviation, the Namibian Government undertook to reform the land sector. Guided by the Constitution and the Resolutions of the 1991 Land Conference policy and legal framework, a fractured consensus is built on the rationale to redistribute land to a targeted group. Parallel to the reform agenda, systemic challenges to the resettlement process are growing amid questions on Government’s ability to respond to sustainable programme objectives embedded within land reforms. Literature coalesces on the issues of land-reform programmes having lost direction, being skewed in favour of a few, being biased towards commercial agriculture, and requiring review and re-configuration to be inclusive and to satisfy equity and povertyalleviation concerns. This study seeks to understand who has been benefitting from land reform by analysing the processes and procedures of identifying beneficiaries prioritised for land allocation, and institutional structures for implementation, while analysing how they produce and reproduce class differentiation and the attendent livelihood trajectories. Using qualitative research conducted in one case study site (Okarukambe constituency) the views of the smallscale farmers who benefitted were solicited. Additionally, the experiences and views of institutions and officials involved in land allocation at regional and national levels are taken into account. Theoretically the study draws from the livelihoods approach to find out the different categories of the small-scale farmers who have benefitted.