Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2008. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 53-55). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2001. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains iv, 43 p. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-36).

Thesis (M.A.)--Brock University, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-92).

Title: The auditors’ choice of negotiation tactics with the client. Has a transformative leadership and self-efficacy any impact on the choice?Level: Final assignment for Bachelor Degree in Business Administration Author: Patrick Fransson, Sara Eskilsson Supervisor: Jan Svanberg Date: 2015 - 05   Aim: Previous studies indicate different results regarding which tactic the auditor usually use in negotiations with the client. Therefore, this study describes factors that may affect the auditors choice of tactics, that not previously been explored in relation to the tactics that are examined in this study. More specifically, how the auditor’s self-efficacy is influenced by the transformational leadership in the auditing firm, and if there is a relation in the auditor’s degree of self-efficacy and their choice of negotiation tactics. Method: The essay is based on a quantitative survey, where previously tested questionnaire constitutes the basis. Swedish auditors have participated in the survey and respondents’ answers were compiled and analyzed using statistical methods. Result & Conclusions: The study shows a positive and significant relationship between a transformational leadership within the audit firm and the auditor's self-efficacy. An integrative negotiating tactic showed a positive relationship with self-efficacy, the problem-solving approach. This is related to previous studies that argue that the auditor use integrative strategies to achieve the trust of the client, giving rise to a mutual and long term relationship between the parties, which in turn benefits accountants and its management. Suggestions for future research: It would be interesting to explore how other forms of leadership affect the auditor's choice of negotiating tactics. Contribution of the thesis: The study is interesting for auditors, as it gives them indications on how their perceived self-efficacy can be influenced by the transformational leadership and which of the negotiating tactics that they typically uses at a certain quantity of self-efficacy. / Titel: Revisorns val av förhandlingstaktik med klienten. Har ett transformativt ledarskap och självförtroende inverkan på valet? Nivå: C-uppsats i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Patrick Fransson, Sara Eskilsson Handledare: Jan Svanberg Datum: 2015- 05   Syfte: Tidigare studier påvisar blandade resultat angående vilken taktik som revisorn vanligen använder sig av vid förhandlingen med sin klient. Därför beskriver den här uppsatsen ett par faktorer, vars påverkan på revisorns taktiska val tidigare inte har utforskats i relation till de fem taktiker som undersöks i studien. Mer specifikt, hur revisorns self-efficacy påverkas av ett transformativt ledarskap inom revisionsfirman samt om det finns ett samband mellan revisorns grad av self-efficacy och val av förhandlingstaktik. Metod: Uppsatsen grundas på en kvantitativ enkätundersökning, där tidigare beprövade frågeformulär utgör grunden. Svenska revisorer har deltagit i undersökningen och respondenternas svar har sammanställts samt analyserats med hjälp av ett antal statistiska metoder. Resultat & slutsats: Studien visar att det finns ett positivt samt signifikant samband mellan ett transformativt ledarskap inom revisionsföretaget och revisorns self-efficacy. Bland de taktiker som undersöktes, var det en integrativ förhandlingstaktik som uppvisade ett positivt samband med self-efficacy, den problemlösande taktiken. Detta sätts i relation till tidigare studier som menar att revisorn använder integrativa strategier för att nå ett förtroende hos klienten, vilket ger upphov till en ömsesidig och långsiktig relation mellan parterna, som i sin tur gynnar revisorn samt dess ledning. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: I framtida forskning vore det intressant att undersöka hur andra former av ledarskap påverkar revisorns val av förhandlingstaktik. Uppsatsens bidrag: Studien är intressant för revisorer, eftersom det ger dem indikationer på hur deras upplevda self-efficacy kan påverkas av ett transformativt ledarskap och vilka förhandlingstaktiker som de vanligen använder sig av vid en viss kvantitet self-efficacy.

Denna undersöknings syfte var att beskriva gymnasieelevers upplevelse av tvålärarsystem i matematikundervisningen samt utreda om det fanns något samband mellan elevernas upplevelse av tvålärarsystemet och deras attityd till ämnet. Studien är en mikroetnografi i sluten miljö med öppen forskarroll. De forskningsfrågor som ställs handlar om att identifiera elevernas nuvarande och förutvarande attityd i matematik, beskriva deras upplevelser av tvålärarsystemet de undervisas i och slutligen att försöka dra paralleller mellan eventuella attitydförändringar och tvålärarsystemet. Empiri samlades in genom klassrumsobservationer och intervjuer med åtta elever. Intervjuerna analyserades dels induktivt med hjälp av grundad teori men också deduktivt med utgångspunkt i det teoretiska ramverket. Eleverna beskriver att de tycker att tvålärarsystemet är bra. Det som framhålls som mest positivt av eleverna är att de kan få hjälp snabbare och att de kan få kursinnehållet förklarat på olika sätt. Av de intervjuade eleverna hade två undervisats enligt tvålärarsystem även i grundskolan. Deras attityd hade inte förändrats. Av de sex elever som inte undervisats enligt tvålärarsystemet tidigare hade fem förbättrat sin attityd. Ingen av eleverna hade försämrat sin attityd till matematik sedan de började gymnasiet och ingen av de intervjuade eleverna är negativt inställd till tvålärarsystemet. Att dra slutsatser om eventuella samband mellan tvålärarsystemet och elevernas attityd är dock svårt då flera av dem beskriver att det viktiga är att man har bra lärare snarare än flera lärare.

abstract: Specific cultural variables have been found to protect against the onset of alcohol, tobacco and drug use among Latino adolescents. It has been suggested that targeting similar cultural components during the treatment of drug dependence and abuse for Latino adults may also enhance the effectiveness of the intervention, although few studies have explored this hypothesis. The current study attempted to remedy this disparity by exploring the potentially protective influence of two cultural variables, ethnic pride and family traditionalism, on self-efficacy to avoid drug use following residential substance abuse treatment among 99 Hispanic and 85 non-Hispanic White males. Results of the study indicate that higher levels of ethnic pride predict greater confidence to remain abstinent from drugs following substance abuse treatment, and that this relationship is stronger among Hispanic participants than non-Hispanic White participants. Family traditionalism was not a significant predictor of drug avoidance self-efficacy for either group, suggesting that some specific cultural variables may be better targets for substance abuse treatment than others. Study limitations and future directions for research and clinical practice are discussed. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Psychology 2011

abstract: When people pick up the phone to call a telephone quitline, they are taking an important step towards changing their smoking behavior. The current study investigated the role of a critical cognition in the cessation process--self-efficacy. Self-efficacy is thought to be influential in behavior change processes including those involved in the challenging process of stopping tobacco use. By applying basic principles of self-efficacy theory to smokers utilizing a telephone quitline, this study advanced our understanding of the nature of self-efficacy in a "real-world" cessation setting. Participants received between one and four intervention calls aimed at supporting them through their quit attempt. Concurrent with the initiation of this study, three items (confidence, stress, and urges) were added to the standard telephone protocol and assessed at each call. Two principal sets of hypotheses were tested using a combination of ANCOVAs and multiple regression analyses. The first set of hypotheses explored how self-efficacy and changes in self-efficacy within individuals were associated with cessation outcomes. Most research has found a positive linear relation between self-efficacy and quit outcomes, but this study tested the possibility that excessively high self-efficacy may actually reflect an overconfidence bias, and in some cases be negatively related to cessation outcomes. The second set of hypotheses addressed several smoking-related factors expected to affect self-efficacy. As predicted, higher baseline self-efficacy and increases in self-efficacy were associated with higher rates of quitting. However, contrary to predictions, there was no evidence that overconfidence led to diminished cessation success. Finally, as predicted, shorter duration of quit attempts, shorter time to relapse, and stronger urges all were associated with lower self-efficacy. In conclusion, understanding how self-efficacy and changes in self-efficacy affect and are affected by cessation outcomes is useful for informing both future research and current quitline intervention procedures. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Psychology 2011

In a time when education and inclusion, are very much on the political agenda, what makes some teachers confident and competent teachers of special educational needs (SEN) and others less so? This thesis aimed to explore a variety of factors; attitude to inclusion; school climate; burnout and general teaching self-efficacy as they relate to self-efficacy for inclusive teaching. It also aimed to explore the teaching practices of teachers who report high self-efficacy for inclusive teaching scores. 66 participants, selected from seven primary schools took park in the first phase of the research. From this sample, five participants were selected for their high self-efficacy for inclusive teaching scores and were interviewed about their inclusive teaching practice. A mixed methods approach was used; utilising questionnaires in the first phase to explore the six factors and the correlations between them. Interviews were employed in the second phase to explore the inclusive practices of participants. Initial statistical analysis from the questionnaires indicated that years teaching experience, as well as aspects of attitude to inclusion, school climate, burnout and general teaching efficacy are predictive of self-efficacy for inclusive teaching scores. Regression analysis indicated that attitude to inclusion; school climate and general teaching self-efficacy were together the best predictors of self-efficacy for inclusive teaching. Thematic analysis from the interviews suggested that stress was a major factor for the participants. It also identified that participants who were good at including children with SEN were those who got to know their children well, and who were engaged, motivated members of staff. The study concluded with a consideration of how the above results are relevant to educational psychologists by suggesting that their role is vital in supporting teachers to get to know children holistically and in supporting staff with stress management through supervision or staff clinics.

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Agradecemos a compreensão. on 2018-06-21T12:42:00Z (GMT) / Submitted by DANIELLE MARINHO VIEGAS EMÍLIO (dannibtu13@gmail.com) on 2018-06-24T20:39:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto finalizado Danielle.pdf: 1605296 bytes, checksum: e99ee16335a4b4affabc6ba03da33363 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by ROSANGELA APARECIDA LOBO null (rosangelalobo@btu.unesp.br) on 2018-06-26T12:07:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 emilio_dmv_me_bot.pdf: 1605296 bytes, checksum: e99ee16335a4b4affabc6ba03da33363 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-26T12:07:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 emilio_dmv_me_bot.pdf: 1605296 bytes, checksum: e99ee16335a4b4affabc6ba03da33363 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-03 / Introdução: O aleitamento materno, além das propriedades nutritivas e imunológicas, propicia momentos essenciais de interação mãe-bebê. Quando o recém-nascido, especialmente o prematuro, é separado da mãe devido à sua internação em uma Unidade Neonatal, diversos fatores podem prejudicar o início do aleitamento materno e sua duração. Pesquisas com crianças nascidas a termo mostram que dentre vários fatores, a percepção de autoeficácia materna está associada com maior tempo de amamentação exclusiva e desmame mais tardio; entretanto, pouco se sabe sobre o papel da autoeficácia em mães de prematuros. Objetivos: Avaliar a percepção de autoeficácia em mães de prematuros durante a internação e após a alta e sua associação com a manutenção do aleitamento materno e desmame. Método: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal, com 47 mães de prematuros cujos dados sociodemográficos e clínicos foram obtidos a partir de entrevista realizada até o terceiro dia após o nascimento e dos prontuários médicos do bebê. Entre três e sete dias após início da amamentação foram aplicados dois questionários para avaliação de autoeficácia: a) com relação aos cuidados (Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy – PMP); b) com relação à amamentação (Brastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short-Form – BSE - SF). No primeiro retorno após a alta hospitalar do bebê, o BSES – SF foi reaplicado, e 60 dias após o nascimento foi verificado no prontuário, ou por contato telefônico se os bebês continuavam sendo amamentados. Resultados: A mediana da idade gestacional foi de 32 semanas e o tempo médio de internação foi de 20 dias. Na alta 85% dos prematuros estavam em aleitamento materno exclusivo, e até 60 dias após o nascimento 31,7% continuaram em aleitamento materno exclusivo. Nenhuma mãe pontuou para baixa autoeficácia, e altos índices de autoeficácia foram predominantes em mães com maior idade, multíparas e cujo recém-nascido teve melhor vitalidade ao nascer. A autoeficácia não se associou com tempo de amamentação, mas nascer pequeno para a idade gestacional foi fator de proteção e maior idade materna foi fator de risco para o desmame. Conclusão: A alta autoeficácia na amamentação não se associou com risco de desmame. As taxas de aleitamento materno foram elevadas na alta hospitalar mas caíram drasticamente 60 dias após o nascimento, o que sinaliza para a necessidade de retornos mais frequentes aos serviços de saúde após a alta para continuar encorajando o aleitamento materno, dando orientações técnicas ajustadas às necessidades individuais de cada mãe, visando aumentar seu empoderamento, sua percepção de autoeficácia e confiança em sua capacidade de amamentar. / Introduction: Breastfeeding propitiates not only nutritional and immunological advantages, but also essential moments of mother-baby interaction. According to the literature, when a newborn, especially if premature, is separated from the mother to be admitted into a Neonatal Unit, several factors can impair breastfeeding and its duration. Research with infants born at full-term shows that among several factors maternal perception of self-efficacy is associated with exclusively breastfeeding for a longer period and weaning at a later date. However, little is known about the role of self-efficacy in mothers of premature babies. Objectives: Evaluating the perception of self-efficacy in mothers of premature babies during hospitalization and after discharge and its association to breastfeeding and weaning. Methodology: A longitudinal study with 47 mothers of premature babies whose sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained through an on-site interview conducted up to three days after birth and from the baby’s medical charts. From three to seven days after they first started breastfeeding, two questionnaires were used to evaluate self-efficacy: a) the - Perceived Maternal Parenting Self-Efficacy (PMP-E); and b) the Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale – Short-Form (BSES-SF). On the first consultation after discharge the BSES-SF questionnaire was applied once more and and 60 days after birth medical charts were consulted or by phone contact to check whether the mother was still breastfeeding. Results: Average gestational age was 32 weeks at birth and the children were admitted for an average of 20 days. 85.1% of the children were discharged on exclusive breastfeeding and up to 60 days after birth 31.7% continued on exclusive breastfeeding. No mother had a low score on self-efficacy and high levels of self-efficacy were predominant in older mothers who had given birth before and whose children had higher Apgar scores. No mother scored for low self-efficacy, and high self-efficacy rates were predominant in older mothers, multiparous, and whose newborn had better vitality at birth.Self-efficacy was not associated with breastfeeding time but being small for gestational age appeared as a protective factor and having an older mother a risk factor for weaning. Conclusion: The high self-efficacy in breastfeeding was not associated with risk of weaning. Breastfeeding rates were high at hospital discharge but dropped dramatically 60 days after birth, signaling the need for more frequent returns to post-discharge health services to continue encouraging breastfeeding, providing technical guidance tailored to individual needs of each mother, in order to increase their empowerment, their perception of self-efficacy and confidence in their ability to breastfeed.

The understanding of maternal factors associated with child feeding problems is limited due to a lack of research which has examined a comprehensive range of maternal factors and the existing literature focussing on a narrow range of ideas about the wider familial context in which feeding problems occur. The broad aim of this thesis is to investigate maternal parenting of children with and without clinical feeding problems to provide insights into the wider context in which feeding problems occur. In study 1, thematic analysis of interviews with 10 mothers of children with, and 10 mothers of children without, clinical feeding problems revealed that mothers of children with clinical feeding problems appeared to have less maternal self-efficacy for managing parenting challenges than mothers in the non-clinical group. A template analysis found that these perceptions seemed to be informed by four theoretical sources of self-efficacy: mastery experiences, verbal persuasion, vicarious experience and physiological state. In study 2, 278 mothers of children with and without clinical feeding problems completed existing self-report measures of maternal self-efficacy. It was found that lower levels of maternal self-efficacy for establishing structure and routine around instrumental child care tasks and for implementing discipline and setting limits for the child was predictive of problematic child feeding behaviour and maladaptive maternal responses to child feeding problems. In study 3, 215 mothers of children with and without feeding problems completed self-report measures of the theoretical components of self-efficacy (mastery experiences, verbal persuasion, vicarious experience, physiological state). Physiological state was found to be the strongest predictor of maternal self-efficacy for establishing structure and routines as well as for providing discipline and setting limits for the child. Maternal self-efficacy mediated the relationship between physiological state and problematic child feeding behaviour and the relationship between parenting stress and maladaptive maternal responses. The final study was a pilot study using autophotography. This study explored parenting dimensions and tasks which contributed towards perceptions of maternal self-efficacy in 13 mothers of children without clinical feeding problems. Findings suggested that child feeding was an especially difficult and complex task for mothers to manage, with many mothers reporting perceptions of low efficacy for managing mealtimes. This appeared to be due to the large number of health related concerns and the worry mothers felt when children did not eat a healthful diet. Overall, results of this thesis suggest that mothers who lack confidence in their ability to manage child behaviour report more problematic child feeding behaviours and use more maladaptive strategies for managing feeding problems. Findings of the studies in this thesis suggest that mothers of children with feeding problems, and who are experiencing high levels of stress, may be especially vulnerable to lower levels of maternal self-efficacy which may exacerbate difficulties. Increasing maternal self-efficacy for providing structure, routines and discipline in mothers experiencing feeding problems in their children may improve outcomes for those affected.