The purpose of this descriptive exploratory study was to describe specific self-care behaviours related to the provision of eye care and performance of daily living activities, of postsurgical cataract patients during their first few weeks at home following cataract extraction. The twenty subjects who comprised the study sample were all over sixty years of age, were English speaking, had a best corrected visual acuity in the unoperated eye of 20/50 or less, and had undergone uncomplicated unilateral standard cataract surgery without lens implant. Subjects were interviewed in their homes on two occasions. Difficulties that were experienced and concerns that were expressed by subjects and family members in the performance of eye care procedures, and management of daily living routines were recorded; and factors which influenced the ability of subjects to manage their care at home were identified. Observations were made of the instillation of eyedrops, the application of a protective eye shield, and the status of the operated eye. The findings suggest a high degree of adherence to the prescribed medication regime, and to the precautionary measures that were to be followed. Difficulties were reported or observed in several areas such as administering eyedrops, applying the eye shield, reading instructions, opening eyedrop containers, and obtaining prescriptions or supplies. The majority of concerns expressed were related to the performance of eye care procedures, and to the prospective visual outcome of the surgery. Examples of factors identified as affecting home self-care were: the availability of direct assistance and emotional support from family and community resources; the understanding of the surgical procedure and recovery process; the knowledge, and the timing of the receipt of knowledge, of expected behaviours; and the possession of adequate manual skills to perform the eye care procedures with competence and confidence. Implications for nursing, medical, and pharmacist's practice are discussed, and areas for further research are identified. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Typ 2-diabetes är en folkhälsosjukdom som ökar drastiskt på både en nationell och global nivå. Behandlingen av typ-2 diabetes utgår till stor del utifrån att patienten genomför en god egenvård. För att stötta patienter i sin egenvård har användandet av E-hälsa ökat i hälso- och sjukvården. Genom rätt anpassad information och samråd med sjuksköterskan gällande egenvård vid typ-2 diabetes kan E-hälsa vara en möjlighet till att stärka patienten i sin egenvård. Litteraturöversiktens syfte är att belysa patienters upplevelser av E-hälsa som stöd i egenvård vid typ 2-diabetes. Metoden som valdes var en litteraturöversikt baserat på 16 vetenskapliga artiklar. I resultatet framkom två teman; E-hälsans inverkan på egenvård och utformning av teknik. E-hälsans inverkan på egenvård framställdes ur tre underteman; Patienter upplevde en ökad kontroll, E-hälsa påverkade patienters engagemang och kunskap skapar förutsättningar. Utformning av teknik framställdes ur två underteman; Personcentrerad E-hälsa och avsaknad av mänskliga möten. För att E-hälsa ska utvecklas och uppnå vision E-hälsa 2025, är det av vikt att ta del av patienters upplevelser för att sjuksköterskan ska kunna tillmötesgå patienters vårdbehov.

Bakgrund: Utvecklingen inom kirurgi och anestesi har bidragit till att allt fler operationer utförs dagkirurgiskt då det minskar sjukhusvistelse för patienten och är kostnadseffektivt för vården. Det finns många fördelar med dagkirurgiska ingrepp men nackdelen är att ansvaret för den postoperativa återhämtningen läggs på patient och eventuella anhöriga att bevaka. Det är viktigt att vården förbereder patient och anhöriga inför hemgång med specifik information och instruktioner utifrån patientgrupp för att patienterna ska känna sig trygga. Syfte: Att studera postoperativ återhämtning efter dagkirurgisk operation. Metod: Studien har en randomiserad kontrollerad design. Studien omfattade 565 patienter som randomiserats till en interventions- och kontrollgrupp. Alla inkluderade svarade på Svensk Post-discharge Surgical Recovery Scale preoperativt och dag 28 postoperativt. Interventionsgruppen svarade även på mobilfrågor dag 1 – 14, 21 och 28 postoperativt. Resultat: I resultatet framkom att kvinnor hade sämre återhämtning jämfört med män och att den postoperativa återhämtningen skiljde sig mellan olika operationsgrupper. Ortopedpatienterna behövde längre tid för återhämtning, hade mer smärta, mer behov av vila, sämre rörlighet och behövde mer hjälp med ADL än övriga grupper. Det positiva med resultatet var att alla patienter uppgav lite besvär med illamående och yrsel vilket kan tyda på att patienterna fått bra PONV profylax inför hemgång. Konklusion: Författarna anser att det behövs fler studier som undersöker kvinnors postoperativa återhämtning. Resultatet styrker att ortopediska patienter kan behöva mer uppföljning efter hemgång och att mer specifik information utifrån ingrepp kan höja kvaliteten inom dagkirurgisk vård.

The present study examined the impact of COVID-related stress on the mental health and professional burnout in the infant and early childhood mental health (IECMH) workforce and to examine reflective supervision and consultation (RSC) as a possible protective factor that buffers against the detrimental impact of COVID-related stress. Participants included 123 adults (n = 121 female, modal age range 30-39 years) in the TN IECMH workforce (mean years of experience = 13.6 years) surveyed in June/July 2020. Sector representation was quite varied (home-visiting, childcare, child welfare, early intervention). Results indicated that 46% of the sample had depression symptoms (18% in the moderate-severe range) and 75% of the sample had anxiety symptoms (33% in the moderate-severe range). Higher COVID stress was associated with higher internalizing symptoms and burnout levels and this relationship was mediated by self-care behaviors, such that the more COVID stress one reported, the fewer self-care behaviors they engaged in, and the higher the risk for internalizing symptoms and burnout. Finally, the pathway from COVID stress to self-care behaviors was moderated by RSC such that IECMH professionals who received 1 year or more of RSC were buffered against the detrimental impact of COVID stress on lowering self-care behaviors whereas this protective effect of RSC was not present for individuals with less than 1 year (or no experience of) RSC.

This study investigated the impact of a psychoeducational and experiential structured counselor self-care curriculum, developed by Drs. Charles and Kathleen Figley, on compassion fatigue and the prevention of professional impairment as measured by the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL), Version 5. Volunteer licensed professional counselors, supervisors, and interns from four children's advocacy centers in Texas were assigned to treatment group (n = 21; 20 females, 1 male; mean age 34.4 years) or waitlist control group (n = 21; 19 females, 2 males; mean age 34.6 years). Participating counselors identified themselves ethnically as 64% Caucasian, 26% Hispanic, 7% African-American, and 2% Native-American. Employing a quasi-experimental design, three reliability-corrected analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) were utilized to analyze the data with an alpha level of .05 to assess statistical significance and partial eta squared to assess effect size. With pre-test scores as the covariate, results revealed in the experimental group a statistically significant reduction with large treatment effect for burnout (p = .01; partial ?2 = .15), a statistically nonsignificant reduction with a medium effect for secondary traumatic stress (p = .18; partial ?2 = .05), and a statistically nonsignificant increase with a medium effect for compassion satisfaction (p = .06; partial ?2= .09). Findings supported the use of this curriculum to train counselors on self-care as required of professional counselors by the American Counseling Association code of ethics and listed as a necessary skill in the standards of the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs.

This study involves the investigation of the basis and validity of considering health information as therapeutic, the definition of Information Therapy, and whether the therapeutic nature of information can be measured empirically. The purpose of the study is to determine if there are any significant differences in the therapeutic effect of Information Therapy through the different delivery modes of support groups communicating face-to-face and those utilizing computer-mediated communication on the Internet. The comparison of these groups revealed no significant differences on three measures of health: physical, mental, and social support. Because one communication medium is not found to be advantageous over the other, the use of the computer can extend the benefits of Information Therapy to the home-bound, to those in remote areas, to people with time restraints, and those who may be shy. The validity of the therapeutic nature of information was verified by participant report of the effect of a health information search. Results demonstrated that the primary source for information is the physician, followed by the Internet, and 77% of participants reported a positive or therapeutic effect when health information was found. These results are significant because individuals who are in positions to deliver Information Therapy can better meet needs by identification of the sources to which people look for information and can have a major impact on patient care and the general health of the population. Providing people with information can empower them to take an active role in their health, can increase confidence in self-care, and should provide coping and disease management skills thus decreasing the utilization of healthcare resources and preventing costly acute and chronic health complications.

No description available.

As of 2021, nearly 538 million adults and children live with diabetes mellitus worldwide, with projections for 2045 estimated at 645 million adults globally. In the United States, there are 34 million adults with diabetes and an additional 88 million with prediabetes. The economic costs are staggering, primarily due to management of acute or chronic complications. As a chronic condition requiring daily self-care, the psychosocial burden of diabetes is significant. Therefore, diabetes self-management education is recommended as a standard of care for all people with diabetes. The Association of Diabetes Care and Education Specialists (ADCES) has created a framework of education incorporating seven self-care behaviors, each with several knowledge, skill, and barrier resolution outcome measures. However, research has suggested that diabetes self-management and support services are not utilized sufficiently. YouTube™ with a reach of over 2 billion users is a potential medium to reach more people with diabetes. At the present time, there is a paucity of research describing the source and content of the most widely viewed videos on diabetes selfcare. This study aimed to help fill that gap. Specific aims of the study included: (a) describe characteristics of widely viewed YouTube™ videos on Diabetes Self-Care concerning length, date posted, source, speaker(s), format, and number of views; (b) describe the content of the most widely viewed YouTube™ videos on diabetes self-management education and support, categorized by the ADCES7 Self-Care™ behaviors; and (c) examine the source of videos in relation to number of views. The researcher used a YouTube™ Application Programming Interface to retrieve video URLs along with meta data such as source, duration, date posted, and view counts. Data were sorted by URL and view count, duplicates removed, and screened for inclusion and exclusion criteria. The top 100 videos by view count were used as the sample in the study. A codebook developed for this study categorized the upload source, speaker, format, and seven content categories. Descriptive analyses were conducted to understand the most viewed sources and the content categories likely and not likely to be mentioned. Collectively, these 100 videos were viewed 146,405,133 times, with an average duration of 12.2 minutes. Most of the videos (N = 77) were uploaded between 2017 and 2021. Results indicated that the two most popular sources for videos were Professionals and Corporations together uploading 72 videos and garnering 77% of cumulative views. In contrast, government agencies uploaded 1 video (<1% of cumulative views). Professionals was the most common protagonist (N = 42) when a speaker could be identified. Talk by professional received 34.09% of cumulative views, almost as much as Animation with voice (35.95%). The content areas most mentioned were Background on Diabetes, focusing on factors affecting blood sugar and ADCES7 Self-Care BehaviorsTM, especially Healthy Eating. Reversal of Diabetes was broached in 18 videos with 23.13% of cumulative views. Prevention Strategies for Communities was not mentioned at all, and Prevention Strategies for Individuals garnered less than 4% of cumulative views. YouTube™ is a popular source of online information for people with diabetes. As such, it presents an excellent avenue to raise awareness of prediabetes and dissemination of diabetes self-management education. Significant opportunity exists for government and advocacy agencies to increase their presence on YouTube™ in terms of viewership, while presenting meaningful and credible information. Recommendations for population and public health initiatives as well as future research and practice were presented to utilize the power of YouTube™ as a medium to expand the reach of diabetes self-management education and support.

No description available.

Type 1 diabetes is a long-term diagnosis, the prognosis of which is directly related to the patient's ability to self-manage the disorder. Adolescents are not currently taught how to manage diabetes; instead, parents and educators expect self-management to be more of a learned behavior from their parents. The purpose of this project was to create a quality improvement plan which the regional pediatric diabetes center study site could implement to improve adolescent glycemic control. Orem's self-care theory was used as theoretical framework for the design and evaluation of the project. The practice-focused question for this doctoral project was: Can a quality improvement plan focused on diabetes self-management education support better control of the glycemic ranges of Type 1 diabetes in adolescents during the transition of self-management from parent to child? The design of the project included creation of curriculum for classes as well as streamlining blood glucose reporting within the center. The quality improvement plan outcomes provided an improvement on hemoglobin A1c of 0.3% for those utilizing the reporting systems and an improvement of 0.4% for those who had attended the education classes. Of the 11 patients who routinely sent in blood glucose over the 4-month time period, 10 met the goal of checking glucose as directed. These outcomes indicate the potential need for more concise direction within nursing practice to provide individual ages within the pediatric population with specific education plans to improve health outcomes. Improving the glycemic control of adolescents living with diabetes allows for a better transition into adulthood with a decreased risk of long-term complications, significantly contributing to positive social change.