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No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Andrade_Morgana_C_Me_2012.pdf: 1310394 bytes, checksum: 74a1f6958265c74d8917881b0586f55f (MD5) / Os repositórios institucionais têm-se tornado uma alternativa relevante para as instituições de pesquisa e ensino reunirem o conhecimento produzido em um único local, facilitando a gestão da produção intelectual e a sua socialização. Um dos pré- requisitos para que os repositórios cumpram esse papel é que eles possibilitem a interoperabilidade semântica, não só entre os repositórios como em relação aos outros serviços de informação. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o elemento de metadado Subject do Dublin Core (dc.subject), sob a perspectiva da organização do conhecimento, a fim de fornecer subsídios para que o Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) alcance a interoperabilidade semântica, especificamente no nível dos dados categorizados. Como recursos metodológicos, foram adotadas as pesquisas documental e descritiva, com abordagem quali-quantitativa, utilizando o método de estudos de casos múltiplos. A amostra constitui-se de 38 repositórios institucionais contemplados pelos Projeto Piloto e Editais 01/2009 e 02/2010 IBICT/FINEP, dos quais 26 participaram da pesquisa. Dois dos repositórios institucionais não foram localizados; seis não responderam; e quatro justificaram sua não participação em razão de os repositórios se encontrarem em fase de implantação ou mudança de coordenação. Para a coleta de dados, foram utilizados um roteiro de pesquisa, uma planilha, que orientou a identificação das informações registradas nos sites dos repositórios selecionados, e um questionário eletrônico EncuestaFacil. Identificou-se que o padrão de metadados usado pela totalidade desses repositórios é o Dublin Core, e que alguns utilizam mais de um. A pesquisa apontou alguns fatores  como a falta de controle de vocabulário na maioria dos repositórios  que poderiam ser evitados com a disponibilização de instrumentos que facilitam a identificação de descritores pelos depositantes ; baixo índice de descritores traduzidos para o inglês; ausência de exposição de vocabulários controlados e de esquemas de classificação. Conclui-se que o panorama atual apresentado pelos repositórios institucionais nacionais necessita de um alinhamento com iniciativas internacionais em prol da interoperabilidade semântica. É necessário que os procedimentos adotados por gestores e pelo pessoal envolvido com os RIs sigam boas práticas em relação aos metadados e à Organização do Conhecimento. / The institutional repositories have become a most considerable alternative for the research and education institutions. They optimize the scientific and technological advance and assemble the generated knowledge in a single spot which facilitates the intellectual production management and its socialization. One of the requirements for the repositories to fulfill their role is to enable the semantic interoperability, not only among repositories, but also concerning other information services. This study aims to analyse the Dublin Core metadata element set – Subject (dc.subject) from the perspective of the knowledge organization in order to provide support for the UFES institutional repository to achieve the semantic interoperability, specifically at the categorical data. The methodologyl used here was the descriptive and documentary research. The approach was quali-quantitative analysis and the method was the multiple case study. All the 38 institutional repository included in the Projeto Piloto and Editais 01/2009 and 02/2010 IBICT/FINEP were contacted (two of the IR were not located, six did not return the questionnaire and four apologized for not contributing due to administrative matters), so therefore only 26 participated of the research. For the data collection were used a research script which contains aspects that identify the repositories and a spreadsheet that guided the identification of the information recorded on the sites of the selected repositories and EncuestaFacil eletronic query. The pattern of metadata adopted by all those repositories is Dublin Core, and some make use of more then one (pattern). The research point out to some problems such as: the lack of vocabulary control in most repositories that could be avoided by making the instruments to identify the descriptors acessible to people in putting data; small rate of descriptors translated into English; absence of controlled vocabulary or classification schemas. This study demonstrates that current situation presented by the national institutional repositories urgs alignment with international initiatives in favor of semantic interoperability. It is necessary that managers and staff who are involved in the IRs adopt good practices and standard procedures regarding the metadata and the knowledge organization.

A presente tese de Doutorado trata de investigar a aplicação da mineração de texto, para a construção de uma terminologia que atenda aos preceitos estipulados pela normalização, nacional e internacional, referente à constituição de um Registro Eletrônico em Saúde (RES). As normas internacionais estudadas pelo presente trabalho foram as seguintes: ISO 13606-1 e ISO TS 17117. O padrão internacional ISO 13606-1 especifica os modelos de referência para a construção de arquétipos que são a estrutura-base do RES. A especificação técnica ISO 17117 estipula a formatação de terminologias controladas para o âmbito da informática em saúde. Localmente, o trabalho analisou o relatório técnico ABNT/ISO TR 20514 que dá a definição, o escopo e o contexto para o RES e o relatório técnico ABNT/ISO TR 12309 que visa a garantir o desenvolvimento de terminologias padronizadas para a área da saúde. Vários trabalhos científicos demonstram que, para a construção do RES baseado em arquétipos, pesquisadores utilizam terminologias de mercado como o SNOMED CT e SNOMED RT. No caso do Brasil, não existe uma terminologia oficialmente desenvolvida regionalmente ou traduzida para o português do Brasil que suporte a criação de modelos de referência. Essa situação dificulta a implantação das normas nacional e internacional de padronização, citadas anteriormente. Nesse ambiente, a tese aqui apresentada construiu uma ontologia no domínio da especialidade de Radiologia e Diagnóstico por Imagem, tendo como base a aplicação de métodos de mineração de texto para compor uma terminologia eficiente e eficaz que atendesse às lacunas demonstradas. A aplicação de método de mineração de texto foi realizada em uma amostra de 2.566.358 de sujeitos-laudos, consistindo em sujeitos-laudos dos exames de Ressonância Magnética, Raios-X, Tomografia Computadorizada e Ultrassonografia de regiões anatômicas humanas. Com base nessa extração, foi construída uma ontologia contendo 5.859 termos-indivíduos, 20.994 axiomas e 15.084 axiomas lógicos. Essa ontologia foi desenvolvida utilizando o software Prótége em linguagem OWL. A partir da formalização da ontologia (terminologia), foram construídos Archetype Definition Language (ADL), para o componente INSTRUCTION para exame de imagem, e ADL para o componente COMPOSITION de Tomografia Computadorizada de Coluna Cervical, Ressonância Magnética de Cervical e Torácica e Ressonância Magnética de Carótida. O trabalho mostrou a aplicabilidade da mineração de texto para a geração de uma terminologia que desse suporte à criação de ADL, conforme preconizado na normativa da área de informática em saúde. / This Doctoral Thesis aim to investigate the application of text mining for the construction of a terminology that meets the procedures laid down for standardization, national and international, regarding the establishment of an Electronic Health Record (RES). International standards studied in this work were ISO 13606-1 and ISO TS 17117. The ISO 13606-1 international standard specifies the reference models for the construction of archetypes, which is the basis of the RES structure. The technical specification ISO 17117 provides the formatting of controlled terminology for the scope of health informatics. Locally, the paper analyzed the technical ABNT / ISO TR 20514 report, which gives the definition, scope and context for the RES and technical ABNT / ISO TR 12309 report aimed at ensuring the development of standardized terminology for the health sector. Several scientific studies have shown that for the construction of RES based on archetypes, researchers use market terminology such as SNOMED CT and SNOMED RT. In Brazil, there is no terminology officially developed regionally or translated into Portuguese-Brazilian who support the creation of reference models. This situation impedes the deployment of national and international standards of standardization mentioned above. In this environment, the thesis presented here built an ontology in the field of specialty of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging based on the application of text mining methods to make efficient and effective terminology that meets the demonstrated shortcomings. The application of text mining method was performed on a sample of 2,566,358 of subject-report, consisting of subject-reports of examinations MRI, X-ray, CT and ultrasound of human anatomical regions. Based on this extraction was built an ontology containing 5,859 individuals terms, axioms 20,994 and 15,084 logical axioms. This ontology was developed using Protégé OWL language software. From the formalization of the ontology (terminology) were built Archetype Definition Language (ADL) for INSTRUCTION component for imaging examination, and ADL for COMPOSITION component of CT cervical spine, MRI Cervical and Thoracic and MRI Carotid. The study showed the applicability of text mining to generate terminology that supported the creation of ADL as recommended by rules in the IT sector in health.

Cette thèse propose l’utilisation de l’alignement d'ontologies pour contribuer à l'interopérabilité d’une fédération d’entreprises en se basant sur l'interopérabilité des données au niveau sémantique. Une approche d'alignement basée sur des modèles d’ontologie utilisant les mots noyaux est proposée en réponse aux problèmes et aux défis existants, visant ainsi à améliorer la capacité d'adaptation et la précision dans la mise en correspondance de concepts. De plus une étape d'agrégation des « matchers » analytique, qui permet de combiner automatiquement plusieurs adaptateurs et d'améliorer les résultats combinés, vient compléter l’approche. Un système prototype a été mis en œuvre à l’issue des travaux conceptuels pour la validation de l’approche proposée. Les expériences démontrent que l’approche proposée a obtenu des résultats prometteurs et a atteint les objectifs escomptés sur la définition de proximité des concepts. L'approche d'alignement d’ontologies proposée et le système de prototype mis en œuvre ont enfin été appliqués à une architecture dirigée par les ontologies et axée sur l'interrogation des données de plusieurs bases de données relationnelles. / This thesis brings ontology alignment to contribute to federated enterprise interoperability focusing on data interoperability at the semantic level. In response to existing problems and challenges, aiming at improving the matching ability and precision, a pattern-based core word ontology alignment approach is proposed, as well as an analytic matcher aggregation approach, which allows combining the multiple matchers automatically and improve the combined results. A prototype system is implemented for validation and further application based on the proposed approaches. The experiments suggest that the proposed approaches obtained promising results and reached expected goals. The proposed ontology alignment approach and implemented prototype system are applied to an ontology-driven architecture for querying data from multiple relational databases.

Electronic Health Record (EHR) creates a huge number of databases which are being updated dynamically. Major goal of interoperability in healthcare is to facilitate the seamless exchange of healthcare related data and an environment to supports interoperability and secure transfer of data. The health care organisations face difficulties in exchanging patient’s health care information and laboratory reports etc. due to a lack of semantic interoperability. Hence, there is a need of semantic web technologies for addressing healthcare interoperability problems by enabling various healthcare standards from various healthcare entities (doctors, clinics, hospitals etc.) to exchange data and its semantics which can be understood by both machines and humans. Thus, a framework with a similarity analyser has been proposed in the thesis that dealt with semantic interoperability. While dealing with semantic interoperability, another consideration was the use of word embedding and ontology for knowledge discovery. In medical domain, the main challenge for medical information extraction system is to find the required information by considering explicit and implicit clinical context with high degree of precision and accuracy. For semantic similarity of medical text at different levels (conceptual, sentence and document level), different methods and techniques have been widely presented, but I made sure that the semantic content of a text that is presented includes the correct meaning of words and sentences. A comparative analysis of approaches included ontology followed by word embedding or vice-versa have been applied to explore the methodology to define which approach gives better results for gaining higher semantic similarity. Selecting the Kidney Cancer dataset as a use case, I concluded that both approaches work better in different circumstances. However, the approach in which ontology is followed by word embedding to enrich data first has shown better results. Apart from enriching the EHR, extracting relevant information is also challenging. To solve this challenge, the concept of analogy has been applied to explain similarities between two different contents as analogies play a significant role in understanding new concepts. The concept of analogy helps healthcare professionals to communicate with patients effectively and help them understand their disease and treatment. So, I utilised analogies in this thesis to support the extraction of relevant information from the medical text. Since accessing EHR has been challenging, tweets text is used as an alternative for EHR as social media has appeared as a relevant data source in recent years. An algorithm has been proposed to analyse medical tweets based on analogous words. The results have been used to validate the proposed methods. Two experts from medical domain have given their views on the proposed methods in comparison with the similar method named as SemDeep. The quantitative and qualitative results have shown that the proposed analogy-based method bring diversity and are helpful in analysing the specific disease or in text classification.

Business Analytics används idag i ökad grad i organisationer som grund till beslutsfattande. Ett av villkoren för att kunna använda sig av Business Analytics för att utföra analyser av data från olika källor är att det finns interoperabilitet mellan dem. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka om det är möjligt att skapa en IT-artefakt som kan hämta data ifrån flertalet XML-dokument med olika struktur för att uppnå semantisk interoperabilitet och på så vis möjliggöra för Business Analytics. Med olika struktur menar vi att benämningarna på taggarna skiljer sig språkmässigt men har samma semantiska betydelse. Lösningen skapas genom forskningsstrategin Design Science vilket innebär att en IT-artefakt utvecklas som kunskapsbidrag, och visar att en implementation av en lösning är möjlig för de semantiska problem vi identifierat. Resultatet av utvecklingen är en flexibel IT-artefakt där en användare kan koppla samman och hämta data från XML-filer med olika struktur. Denna sammankoppling skapas genom att användaren själv kan bygga upp och använda en ontologi med de ord som används som taggar i XML-filerna. Genom att använda ontologier på det här sättet visar vi med vår forskning att det är möjligt att uppnå semantisk interoperabilitet mellan XML-filer med olika struktur. Utifrån resultatet av den IT-artefakt vi skapar kan vi dra slutsatser om att det går att skapa en generell lösning för denna typ av problematik. / Today Business Analytics is becoming increasingly popular and is utilized by organizations to analyze data that is used as support for decision-making. Business Analytics requires that interoperability exists between the data sources used to gather and compile data for analysis to ensure that data can be correctly interpreted. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the possibility of creating an IT-artifact for querying several XML-documents consisting of various structures in order to achieve semantic interoperability, thus enabling Business Analytics. The structural differences considered in this report focuses on when XML-tags have been given different names that essentially have the same semantic meaning. The research strategy Design Science has been used when creating the solution. As a result of the research strategy the knowledge contribution is an IT-artifact. The IT-artifact is a Proof of concept that demonstrates a possible implementation of a solution that handles the semantic problems identified in this report. The result of the development is a flexible application that users can utilize to gather data from XML-files with different structures. This is made possible by letting the user create an ontology containing the tag names from the XML-files. By using ontologies like this we have given proof that it is possible to accomplish interoperability between XML-files with different structures. The conclusion that can be drawn from the development of the IT-artifact is that it is possible to create a general solution for the identified problem.

Les informations médicales recueillies dans le cadre du soin doivent être utilisables pour répondre à d’autres objectifs plus collectifs. Dans ce contexte de réutilisation des données d’un système d’information clinique pour de la recherche en épidémiologie, l’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier l’apport de l'intéropérabilité sémantique à travers un certain nombre de situations concrêtes que nous avons rencontrées et étudiées et qui illustrent la nature des problèmes de cohérence sémantiques liés au traitement des données médicales et de santé.La coexistence, à un moment donné, de plusieurs référentiels sémantiques ne doit pas être considéré comme un obstacle à l'interopérabilité. Des outils génériques peuvent être conçus et développés pour passer de façon transparente d'un composant à un autre avec aussi peu de perte d’information que possible. L’Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) est un de ses outils d’intégration sémantique. Son usage dans le cadre de ces travaux montre le caractère général de cette méthode et son potentiel pour résoudre cette classe de problèmes d’intéropérabilité sémantique.La richesse de chacune des terminologies permet, lorsqu’elles sont associées dans un même référentiel sémantique pivot, d’enrichir l’ensemble des terminologies prises individuellement pour une meilleur représentation des connaissances.L’interopérabilité sémantique améliore la disponibilité et la qualité des données réutilisables pour des recherches en santé publique. Elle permet d’enrichir les données existantes. Elle fournit les moyens d'accéder à de nouvelles sources de données, agrégées de manière valide, permettant des analyses comparatives ou des analyses plus riches. / Medical information collected during clinical care must be re-used to address other more collective goals. In this context of re-using data from a clinical information system for epidemiological research, the objective of this work is to study the contribution of semantic interoperability across a number of practical situations we have met and discussed which illustrate the nature of semantic consistency problems associated with processing of medical data.Coexistence at a given time, of several semantic repositories should not be considered as an obstacle to interoperability. Generic tools can be designed and developed to move seamlessly from one component to another with as little loss of information as possible. The Unified Medical Language System (UMLS) is one of the semantic integration tools. Its use in this work shows the generality of this method and its potential for solving this class of semantic interoperability problems.The richness of each of the terminology can, when combined into a single pivot semantic repository, enrich the set of terminologies individually for a better representation of knowledge.Semantic interoperability improves the availability and quality of reusable data for public health research. It also enriches existing data. It provides access to new sources of data, aggregated in a valid manner, allowing benchmarking or richer analysis.

In advent of the Semantic Web and recent standardization efforts, Ontology has quickly become a popular and core semantic technology. Ontology is seen as a solution provider to knowledge based systems. It facilitates tasks such as knowledge sharing, reuse and intelligent processing by computer agents. A key problem addressed by Ontology is the semantic interoperability problem. Interoperability in general is a common problem in different domain applications and semantic interoperability is the hardest and an ongoing research problem. It is required for systems to exchange knowledge and having the meaning of the knowledge accurately and automatically interpreted by the receiving systems. The innovation is to allow knowledge to be consumed and used accurately in a way that is not foreseen by the original creator. While Ontology promotes semantic interoperability across systems by unifying their knowledge bases through consensual understanding, common engineering and processing practices, it does not solve the semantic interoperability problem at the global level. As individuals are increasingly empowered with tools, ontologies will eventually be created more easily and rapidly at a near individual scale. Global semantic interoperability between heterogeneous ontologies created by small groups of individuals will then be required. Ontology mapping is a mechanism for providing semantic bridges between ontologies. While ontology mapping promotes semantic interoperability across ontologies, it is seen as the solution provider to the global semantic interoperability problem. However, there is no single ontology mapping solution that caters for all problem scenarios. Different applications would require different mapping techniques. In this thesis, we analyze the relations between ontology, semantic interoperability and ontology mapping, and promote an ontology-based semantic interoperability solution. We propose a novel ontology mapping approach namely, OntoMogic. It is based on first order logic and model theory. OntoMogic supports approximate mapping and produces structures (approximate entity correspondence) that represent alignment results between concepts. OntoMogic has been implemented as a coherent system and is applied in different application scenarios. We present case studies in the network configuration, security intrusion detection and IT governance & compliance management domain. The full process of ontology engineering to mapping has been demonstrated to promote ontology-based semantic interoperability.

The delivery of quality healthcare to all citizens at reasonable costs is an important challenge. With the increase in the aging population, the costs of managing chronic diseases increase. Today, healthcare services tend to shift from recovery to prevention. Remote healthcare monitoring is crucial for prevention and monitoring of chronic diseases since they require continuous and long-term monitoring. The advances in networking, mobile communications and medical device technologies offer a great potential to realize remote healthcare monitoring. However, seamless integration of multi-modal medical devices to the existing healthcare information systems is necessary for the automated use of medical device observations in related applications. The thesis addresses the automatic acquisition and use of multi-modal medical device observations in healthcare information systems. The interoperability of medical devices with healthcare information systems requires both physical connectivity and application level interoperability. Therefore, the thesis concentrates on both the medical device domain and the interoperability efforts on the existing healthcare information systems. It provides an interoperability solution based on ISO/IEEE 11073 and HL7 standards. This work is also realized the automatic acquisition and use of multi-modal medical device observations in an intelligent healthcare monitoring and decision support system which is developed as a part of the IST-027074 SAPHIRE project funded by the European Commission.

Multiple enterprises are usually involved in supply chain network, while almost each enterprise has its own information systems and databases (enterprise legacy systems). There are large quantities of information and data intersecting or even repeating with each other, which calls for system integration. Meanwhile in the cooperative process of supply chain, the whole product line or product family is involved in the enterprise systems, including PDM, ERP, SCM, and CRM et al, which also need interaction and integration. Although many data integration methods and corresponding tools have been applied to the business cooperation in the environment of supply chain, however the interoperability of enterprise information systems is becoming more and more complex, because of the restriction from lots of factors, such as the complexity of enterprise application systems and the diversity of heterogeneous data sources, especially the new application demands of enterprises. In this dissertation, the interoperability method of networked enterprise information systems in the environment of supply chain is studied, from the point of theoretical modeling and application.

In advent of the Semantic Web and recent standardization efforts, Ontology has quickly become a popular and core semantic technology. Ontology is seen as a solution provider to knowledge based systems. It facilitates tasks such as knowledge sharing, reuse and intelligent processing by computer agents. A key problem addressed by Ontology is the semantic interoperability problem. Interoperability in general is a common problem in different domain applications and semantic interoperability is the hardest and an ongoing research problem. It is required for systems to exchange knowledge and having the meaning of the knowledge accurately and automatically interpreted by the receiving systems. The innovation is to allow knowledge to be consumed and used accurately in a way that is not foreseen by the original creator. While Ontology promotes semantic interoperability across systems by unifying their knowledge bases through consensual understanding, common engineering and processing practices, it does not solve the semantic interoperability problem at the global level. As individuals are increasingly empowered with tools, ontologies will eventually be created more easily and rapidly at a near individual scale. Global semantic interoperability between heterogeneous ontologies created by small groups of individuals will then be required. Ontology mapping is a mechanism for providing semantic bridges between ontologies. While ontology mapping promotes semantic interoperability across ontologies, it is seen as the solution provider to the global semantic interoperability problem. However, there is no single ontology mapping solution that caters for all problem scenarios. Different applications would require different mapping techniques. In this thesis, we analyze the relations between ontology, semantic interoperability and ontology mapping, and promote an ontology-based semantic interoperability solution. We propose a novel ontology mapping approach namely, OntoMogic. It is based on first order logic and model theory. OntoMogic supports approximate mapping and produces structures (approximate entity correspondence) that represent alignment results between concepts. OntoMogic has been implemented as a coherent system and is applied in different application scenarios. We present case studies in the network configuration, security intrusion detection and IT governance & compliance management domain. The full process of ontology engineering to mapping has been demonstrated to promote ontology-based semantic interoperability.