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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
291

Représentations du sens lexical en lexicologie explicative et combinatoire : étude de trois formalisations spécifiques

Samson-Fauteux, Mélissa 08 1900 (has links)
Cette étude porte sur les différentes formalisations du sens linguistique dans le cadre de la théorie Sens-Texte (TST) ; elle s’intéresse notamment à la représentation sémantique, la représentation la plus importante dans la modélisation du sens d’énoncés et d’unités lexicales de la langue. Cette étude a trois objectifs : premièrement, décrire trois formalisations de la représentation sémantique existant dans la TST – les réseaux sémantiques, les définitions lexicographiques et les définitions de la BDéf (des définitions très formalisées) ; deuxièmement, identifier les disparités et les décalages entre les formalisations choisies ; troisièmement, proposer des modifications aux formalisations existantes pour réduire au maximum ces disparités. / This study explores the different formalisations of linguistic meaning as encountered in the Meaning-Text Theory (MST) framework. Its main interest is semantic representation, which is the most important representation in the modeling of the meaning of utterances and lexical units. This study has three objectives: first, describing three existing formalisations of semantic representation in the MST – semantic networks, lexicographical definitions, and BDéf definitions (definitions that are extremely formalized); second, identifying the discrepancies between these formalisations; finally, proposing modifications to these formalisations in order to reduce the disparities as much as possible.
292

Serviços Web Semânticos: da modelagem à composição / Semantic web services: from modeling to composition

Prazeres, Cássio Vinícius Serafim 31 July 2009 (has links)
A automação de tarefas como descoberta, composição e invocação de Serviços Web é um requisito importante para o sucesso da Web Semântica. Nos casos de insucesso na busca por um serviço, por não existir disponível um serviço completo que atenda plenamente a requisição do usuário, uma possibilidade de contorno é compor o serviço procurado a partir de elementos básicos que atendam parcialmente a requisição inicial e que se completem. A composição de Serviços Web pode ser realizada de forma manual ou de forma automática. Na composição manual, o desenvolvedor de Serviços Web pode tirar proveito da sua expertise sobre os serviços envolvidos na composição e sobre o resultado que se deseja alcançar. Esta tese aborda problemas e apresenta contribuições relacionadas ao processo de composição automática de Serviços Web. A composição automática de Serviços Web requer que os serviços sejam descritos e publicados de forma a modelar o conhecimento (semântica explícita) que o desenvolvedor utiliza para realizar a composição manual. A descoberta automática baseada nas descrições semânticas do serviço é também um passo crucial na direção da composição automática, pois é um estágio anterior necessário para a seleção dos serviços candidatos à composição. Trabalhos da área de pesquisa em Serviços Web Semânticos exploram a utilização dos padrões da Web Semântica para enriquecer, com semântica explícita, a descrição dos Serviços Web. O problema da composição automática de Serviços Web é tratado neste trabalho por meio de três linhas de investigação: modelagem dos Serviços Web Semânticos; descoberta automática de Serviços Web Semânticos; e composição automática de Serviços Web Semânticos. As contribuições desta tese incluem: a plataforma RALOWS para modelagem de aplicações Web como Serviços Web Semânticos, tendo como estudo de caso aplicações para realização de experimentos remotos; um algoritmo para descoberta automática de Serviços Web Semânticos; uma proposta baseada em grafos e caminhos de custo mínimo para prover composição automática de Serviços Web Semânticos; uma infra-estrutura e ferramentas de apoio à descrição, publicação, descoberta e composição de Serviços Web Semânticos / The automation of the discovery, composition and invocation of Web Services is an important step to the success of the Semantic Web. If no single Web Service satisfies the functionality required by one user, an alternative is to combine existing services that solve parts of the problem in order to reach a complete solution. Web Services composition can be achieved manually or automatically. When composing services manually, Web Service developers can take advantage of their expertise and knowledge about the composition services and the target service. This thesis addresses issues and presents contributions related to the process of automating Web Services composition. The automatic composition of Web services requires the description and publication of the services in order to model the necessary knowledge (explicit semantics) that the developer uses to perform the manual composition. The automatic Web Service discovery is a crucial step toward the automatic composition, because it is a previous stage necessary to the selection of composition service candidates. Semantic Web Services researches explore the use of the Semantic Web technologies to enrich the Web Services descriptions with explicit semantics. Three main lines of investigation are adopted in this thesis to explore the process of automatic composition of Web Services. They are the following: Semantic Web Services modeling; automatic discovery of Semantic Web Services; and automatic composition of Semantic Web Services. The main contributions of this thesis include: the RALOWS platform for modeling Web applications as Semantic Web Services; an algorithm for the automatic discovery of Semantic Web Services; a graph-based approach to the automatic composition of Semantic Web Services; and an infrastructure and tools to support the Semantic Web Services description, publishing, discovery and composition
293

Serviços Web Semânticos: da modelagem à composição / Semantic web services: from modeling to composition

Cássio Vinícius Serafim Prazeres 31 July 2009 (has links)
A automação de tarefas como descoberta, composição e invocação de Serviços Web é um requisito importante para o sucesso da Web Semântica. Nos casos de insucesso na busca por um serviço, por não existir disponível um serviço completo que atenda plenamente a requisição do usuário, uma possibilidade de contorno é compor o serviço procurado a partir de elementos básicos que atendam parcialmente a requisição inicial e que se completem. A composição de Serviços Web pode ser realizada de forma manual ou de forma automática. Na composição manual, o desenvolvedor de Serviços Web pode tirar proveito da sua expertise sobre os serviços envolvidos na composição e sobre o resultado que se deseja alcançar. Esta tese aborda problemas e apresenta contribuições relacionadas ao processo de composição automática de Serviços Web. A composição automática de Serviços Web requer que os serviços sejam descritos e publicados de forma a modelar o conhecimento (semântica explícita) que o desenvolvedor utiliza para realizar a composição manual. A descoberta automática baseada nas descrições semânticas do serviço é também um passo crucial na direção da composição automática, pois é um estágio anterior necessário para a seleção dos serviços candidatos à composição. Trabalhos da área de pesquisa em Serviços Web Semânticos exploram a utilização dos padrões da Web Semântica para enriquecer, com semântica explícita, a descrição dos Serviços Web. O problema da composição automática de Serviços Web é tratado neste trabalho por meio de três linhas de investigação: modelagem dos Serviços Web Semânticos; descoberta automática de Serviços Web Semânticos; e composição automática de Serviços Web Semânticos. As contribuições desta tese incluem: a plataforma RALOWS para modelagem de aplicações Web como Serviços Web Semânticos, tendo como estudo de caso aplicações para realização de experimentos remotos; um algoritmo para descoberta automática de Serviços Web Semânticos; uma proposta baseada em grafos e caminhos de custo mínimo para prover composição automática de Serviços Web Semânticos; uma infra-estrutura e ferramentas de apoio à descrição, publicação, descoberta e composição de Serviços Web Semânticos / The automation of the discovery, composition and invocation of Web Services is an important step to the success of the Semantic Web. If no single Web Service satisfies the functionality required by one user, an alternative is to combine existing services that solve parts of the problem in order to reach a complete solution. Web Services composition can be achieved manually or automatically. When composing services manually, Web Service developers can take advantage of their expertise and knowledge about the composition services and the target service. This thesis addresses issues and presents contributions related to the process of automating Web Services composition. The automatic composition of Web services requires the description and publication of the services in order to model the necessary knowledge (explicit semantics) that the developer uses to perform the manual composition. The automatic Web Service discovery is a crucial step toward the automatic composition, because it is a previous stage necessary to the selection of composition service candidates. Semantic Web Services researches explore the use of the Semantic Web technologies to enrich the Web Services descriptions with explicit semantics. Three main lines of investigation are adopted in this thesis to explore the process of automatic composition of Web Services. They are the following: Semantic Web Services modeling; automatic discovery of Semantic Web Services; and automatic composition of Semantic Web Services. The main contributions of this thesis include: the RALOWS platform for modeling Web applications as Semantic Web Services; an algorithm for the automatic discovery of Semantic Web Services; a graph-based approach to the automatic composition of Semantic Web Services; and an infrastructure and tools to support the Semantic Web Services description, publishing, discovery and composition
294

Portale und Ontologien

Zimmermann, Kerstin 24 June 2005 (has links) (PDF)
Kerstin Zimmermann, DERI Innsbruck, stellte herkömmliche Portale vor sowie sog. „Ontologien“. Diese erwachsen aus den elementaren Fragen nach „What“ (topic), „Who“ (person), „When“ (time/event), „Where“ (location) und „How“ (meta). Entscheidend bei den Ontologien: Zur Erstellung ist einiger Aufwand notwendig, der aber sich in Mehrwert auszahlt. Mehr dazu unter http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal.html
295

Portale und Ontologien

Zimmermann, Kerstin 21 August 2007 (has links) (PDF)
Das Original-Dokument wurde in das Format pdf umgewandelt. Kerstin Zimmermann, DERI Innsbruck, stellte herkömmliche Portale vor sowie sog. „Ontologien“. Diese erwachsen aus den elementaren Fragen nach „What“ (topic), „Who“ (person), „When“ (time/event), „Where“ (location) und „How“ (meta). Entscheidend bei den Ontologien: Zur Erstellung ist einiger Aufwand notwendig, der aber sich in Mehrwert auszahlt. Mehr dazu unter http://sw-portal.deri.org/ontologies/swportal.html
296

Εννοιολογικός προσανατολισμός της αναζήτησης στον Παγκόσμιο Ιστό

Βεργέτη, Δανάη 09 October 2014 (has links)
Tα τελευταία χρόνια, η εξάπλωση του διαδικτύου και το εύρος της πληροφορίας που διατίθεται στο χρήστη, καθιστούν αναγκαία τη χρησιμοποίηση σημασιολογικών τεχνικών προσωποποίησης, προκειμένου να βελτιώσουν την εμπειρία του χρήστη στο διαδίκτυο. Στις μηχανές αναζήτησης, οι χρήστες βελτιώνουν το επερώτημά τους με την προσθήκη, την αφαίρεση ή την αντικατάσταση των λέξεων. Παρ 'όλα αυτά , εκτός από την αλληλεπίδραση με μια μηχανή αναζήτησης, η εμπειρία ενός χρήστη στο διαδίκτυο κατά την αναζήτηση της σωστής πληροφορίας, περιλαμβάνει και την περιήγησή του σε σελίδες ενός δικτυακού τόπου ή μια σειρά από δικτυακούς τόπους. Κατά τη διάρκεια της συνεδρίας του, ο χρήστης αναδιαμορφώνει την αναζήτησή του. Ωστόσο, τόσο ο καθορισμός της σημασιολογίας της αναζήτησής του, όσο και ο προσανατολισμός της αναζήτησής του (γενίκευση ή εξειδίκευση σε ένα σημασιολογικό πεδίο) με βάση την πλοήγηση μέσα από τις σελίδες, δεν είναι τόσο εύκολοι. Κάθε σελίδα περιέχει περισσότερες από μία έννοιες. Επιπλέον, η επιλογή των αντιπροσωπευτικότερων είναι πολύπλοκη διαδικασία. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η παρουσίαση της μεθοδολογίας SOSACT. Η μεθοδολογία SOSACT αποτελεί μια σημασιολογική μεθοδολογία εξατομίκευσης που παρακολουθεί τις επιλογές του χρήστη κατά τη συνεδρία του και καθορίζει αν ο χρήστης ειδικεύει ή γενικεύει την πλοήγηση του μέσα από τη σημασιολογική ανάλυση των σελίδων, σε ένα εννοιολογικό πεδίο. Η μεθοδολογία SOSACT ορίζει το σημασιολογικό προσανατολισμό της πλοήγησης του χρήστη. Επιπλέον, στην παρούσα εργασία προτείνεται ο αλγόριθμος SOSACT, ο οποίος εντοπίζει το σημασιολογικό προσανατολισμό του χρήστη με τη βοήθεια μίας ταξινομίας. Η μεθοδολογία SOSACT υλοποιείται από το σύστημα SOSACT. Το σύστημα SOSACT εφαρμόζει τον αλγόριθμο SOSACT και προτείνει χρήσιμες συστάσεις προς το χρήστη για τη βελτίωση της διαδικτυακής αναζήτησής του . Το σύστημα SOSACT αξιολογήθηκε με τη χρησιμοποίηση πραγματικής δραστηριότητας χρηστών σε μια ιστοσελίδα, για ορισμένο χρονικό διάστημα. Η μεθοδολογία SOSACT μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί και σε ένα σώμα κειμένων και όχι μόνο σε διαδικτυακές πηγές. Μπορεί να γίνει ένα χρήσιμο εργαλείο για τη βελτίωση της πλοήγησης στο διαδίκτυο. Επιπλέον, η προτεινόμενη μεθοδολογία μπορεί να γεφυρώσει τις τεχνικές αποσαφήνισης του επερωτήματος στις μηχανές αναζήτησης και τις τεχνικές αναδιαμόρφωσης του αντικειμένου περιήγησης. Η μεθοδολογία SOSACT θα μπορούσε να χρησιμοποιηθεί σε μια συγκριτική μελέτη μεταξύ των δύο αυτών τομέων και να οδηγήσει σε νέες τεχνικές και στις δύο περιοχές έρευνας του Σημασιολογικού Ιστού. / In recent years, the spread of the World Wide Web, as well as the range of information available to the user make the use of semantic personalization techniques a necessity in order to enhance the user experience on the web. In search engines, users refine their query by adding, removing or replacing the keywords in their query. Thus, query refinement is easy to be detected and tell whether a user generalizes or specializes his web search. Nevertheless, besides interaction with a search engine, a user web search involves browsing and navigating through the pages of a web site or a number of web sites while seeking the right information. During this session the user reformulates his search. But, defining search orientation (generalization or specialization) based on navigation through web pages is not that easy. Each page contains more than one concept. Furthermore, the concepts may be developed in the same extend and it is difficult to tell about the representative semantics of a certain page and thus a user session’s orientation. In order to define user navigation’s orientation a semantic web personalization methodology is developed, the SOSACT methodology, which tracks user’s hits through a session and defines whether a user specializes or generalizes his navigation through semantics analysis of the pages in his session window. Moreover, the SOSACT algorithm is proposed of capturing user session orientation based on concept taxonomy. The SOSACT methodology is implemented by the SOSACT system. The SOSACT system applies the SOSACT algorithm and proposes useful recommendation to the user to improve his web search. The SOSACT system is evaluated on real user activity in a web site for a certain period of time. The experimental outcomes satisfied the prospective results. The SOSACT methodology could become a useful tool for navigation refinement. Furthermore, this work is proved to bridge search engine query refinement and browsing reformulation techniques. It could be a comparative study between these two fields and lead to new techniques in both areas or migration techniques between both areas.
297

Semantinei paieškai naudojamos ontologijos generavimo pagal duomenų bazės schemą procesas / The process of the ontology generation for the semantic search engine on the basis of database scheme

Karpovič, Jaroslav 18 January 2007 (has links)
Data storing semantic technologies separate it from applications code and gives availability for computers as well as people understand and share semantics in real time. These technologies also enable to add new data source or link between software applications as easy as to draw new link in the model. Unfortunately these technologies are yet not developed and popular as we could notice strong benefits of them in daily life. Introduction of semantic search system is an attempt to show the strong points of semantic technologies. Semantic search is more precise because of its opportunities to narrow handled domain down, it gives more exact result than usual, keyword based search. This advantage is clearly shown when database is very large and is filled with plenty of data. It also gives possibility to retrieve results from multiple distant data sources and form custom or predefined result sets as a central hub for some data domain. Automatic ontology generation based on database schema and metadata is suggested in this work. Such solution ensures that semantic search, which uses generated ontology, serves up-to-date search services even when structure of database is changed.
298

Représentations du sens lexical en lexicologie explicative et combinatoire : étude de trois formalisations spécifiques

Samson-Fauteux, Mélissa 08 1900 (has links)
Cette étude porte sur les différentes formalisations du sens linguistique dans le cadre de la théorie Sens-Texte (TST) ; elle s’intéresse notamment à la représentation sémantique, la représentation la plus importante dans la modélisation du sens d’énoncés et d’unités lexicales de la langue. Cette étude a trois objectifs : premièrement, décrire trois formalisations de la représentation sémantique existant dans la TST – les réseaux sémantiques, les définitions lexicographiques et les définitions de la BDéf (des définitions très formalisées) ; deuxièmement, identifier les disparités et les décalages entre les formalisations choisies ; troisièmement, proposer des modifications aux formalisations existantes pour réduire au maximum ces disparités. / This study explores the different formalisations of linguistic meaning as encountered in the Meaning-Text Theory (MST) framework. Its main interest is semantic representation, which is the most important representation in the modeling of the meaning of utterances and lexical units. This study has three objectives: first, describing three existing formalisations of semantic representation in the MST – semantic networks, lexicographical definitions, and BDéf definitions (definitions that are extremely formalized); second, identifying the discrepancies between these formalisations; finally, proposing modifications to these formalisations in order to reduce the disparities as much as possible.
299

Distributed Semantic Social Networks: Architecture, Protocols and Applications

Tramp, Sebastian 04 November 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Online social networking has become one of the most popular services on the Web. Especially Facebook with its 845Mio+ monthly active users and 100Mrd+ friendship relations creates a Web inside the Web. Drawing on the metaphor of islands, Facebook is becoming more like a continent. However, users are locked up on this continent with hardly any opportunity to communicate easily with users on other islands and continents or even to relocate trans-continentally. In addition to that, privacy, data ownership and freedom of communication issues are problematically in centralized environments. The idea of distributed social networking enables users to overcome the drawbacks of centralized social networks. The goal of this thesis is to provide an architecture for distributed social networking based on semantic technologies. This architecture consists of semantic artifacts, protocols and services which enable social network applications to work in a distributed environment and with semantic interoperability. Furthermore, this thesis presents applications for distributed semantic social networking and discusses user interfaces, architecture and communication strategies for this application category. / Soziale Netzwerke gehören zu den beliebtesten Online Diensten im World Wide Web. Insbesondere Facebook mit seinen mehr als 845 Mio. aktiven Nutzern im Monat und mehr als 100 Mrd. Nutzer- Beziehungen erzeugt ein eigenständiges Web im Web. Den Nutzern dieser Sozialen Netzwerke ist es jedoch schwer möglich mit Nutzern in anderen Sozialen Netzwerken zu kommunizieren oder aber mit ihren Daten in ein anderes Netzwerk zu ziehen. Zusätzlich dazu werden u.a. Privatsphäre, Eigentumsrechte an den eigenen Daten und uneingeschränkte Freiheit in der Kommunikation als problematisch empfunden. Die Idee verteilter Soziale Netzwerke ermöglicht es, diese Probleme zentralisierter Sozialer Netzwerke zu überwinden. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist die Darstellung einer Architektur verteilter Soziale Netzwerke welche auf semantischen Technologien basiert. Diese Architektur besteht aus semantischen Artefakten, Protokollen und Diensten und ermöglicht die Kommunikation von Sozialen Anwendungen in einer verteilten Infrastruktur. Darüber hinaus präsentiert diese Arbeit mehrere Applikationen für verteilte semantische Soziale Netzwerke und diskutiert deren Nutzer-Schnittstellen, Architektur und Kommunikationsstrategien. 
300

Automatická tvorba tezauru z wikipedie / Acquiring Thesauri from Wikipedia

Novák, Ján January 2011 (has links)
This thesis deals with automatic acquiring thesauri from Wikipedia. It describes Wikipedia as a suitable data set for thesauri acquiring and also methods for computing semantic similarity of terms are described. The thesis also contains a description of concepts and implementation of the system for automatic thesauri acquiring. Finally, the implemented system is evaluated by the standard metrics, such as precision or recall.

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