Subject of this diploma thesis is elaborate a constructional design of the Automatic production line for wooden plate. The thesis is including study of two various solutions, basic computation unit, construction analysis of the device line. In the end of the thesis is included an economic evaluation, model of the line and documentation drawings.

No description available.

Os sarcomas ósseos representam uma proporção significativa de tumores na faixa etária pediátrica, ainda apresentando um quadro desafiador devido a sua significativa taxa de morbimortalidade. Pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de novas modalidades terapêuticas e para o desenvolvimento de métodos que identifiquem características da doença que possam permitir melhor estratificação dos pacientes através de dados clinicamente relevantes para individualizar as condutas clínicas são necessárias. Dentro deste contexto surge o conceito de radiômica, que visa extrair dados clinicamente relevantes a partir de imagens médicas. Entretanto, para colocar a radiômica em prática, é necessário selecionar, nas imagens médicas, as áreas de interesse referentes às patologias estudadas, e este processo se denomina segmentação. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade intra e inter-observador da segmentação manual de sarcomas ósseos em imagens de ressonância magnética (RM). Como objetivo secundário, foi avaliada a capacidade da segmentação semiautomática em reduzir o tempo necessário para segmentação, mantendo similaridade com a segmentação manual. O estudo foi realizado de forma retrospectiva com inclusão de pacientes com diagnóstico de osteossarcoma ou sarcoma de Ewing confirmado por estudo histopatológico e que tivessem imagens de RM realizadas no Hospital Universitário de nossa Instituição realizadas previamente a qualquer intervenção terapêutica. Três médicos radiologistas, de forma independente e às cegas em relação as demais segmentações e em relação ao resultado histopatológico, realizaram a segmentação manual dos contornos destes tumores utilizando o software 3DSlicer, permitindo que fosse realizada avaliação da reprodutibilidade interobservador. Um dos radiologistas realizou uma segunda segmentação manual dos mesmos casos, possibilitando a avaliação da reprodutibilidade intraobservador, e, ainda, uma terceira segmentação foi realizada, utilizando metodologia semiautomática, disponível no software mencionado. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o coeficiente de similaridade de Dice (DICE), a distância Hausdorff (DH), comparações de volumes e análises dos intervalos de tempo necessários para realização das segmentações. Os parâmetros avaliados demonstraram haver boa reprodutibilidade intraobservador, com DICE variando entre 0,83 a 0,97; e distância Hausdorff variando entre 3,37 a 28,73 mm. Também foi demonstrada boa reprodutibilidade interobservador com DICE variando entre 0,73 a 0,97; e distância Hausdorff variando entre 3,93 a 33,40 mm. A segmentação semiautomática demonstrou boa similaridade em relação à segmentação manual (DICE variando entre 0,71 a 0,96 e DH variando entre 5,38 a 31,54 mm), havendo redução significativa do tempo necessário para segmentação. Entre todas as situações comparadas, os volumes não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p-valor>0,05). / Bone sarcomas represent a significant proportion of tumors in the pediatric age group and they still are a challenge due to their significant morbidity and mortality rates. Reseaches are important for the development of new therapeutic modalities and for the development of methods that identify features that allow better stratification of the patients with theses diseases for individualization of their treatments. In this context emerges the concept of radiomics, which is the process of extraction of clinically relevant data from medical images. It is important to segment the areas of interest im medical images for the pratice of this process. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of manual segmentation of bone sarcomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a secondary objective, it was evaluated if the semiautomatic segmentation could be similar to manual segmentation and if the semiautomatic method could reduce the time required for segmentation. The study was performed retrospectively with the inclusion of patients with osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma confirmed by histopathological study and who had MRI performed at the University Hospital of our Institution prior to any therapeutic intervention. Three radiologists, independently and blindly in relation to the other segmentations and in relation to the histopathological results, performed the manual segmentation of the contours of these tumors using 3DSlicer software, allowing an interobserver reproducibility evaluation. One of the radiologists performed a second manual segmentation of the same cases, allowing the evaluation of intraobserver reproducibility. A third segmentation was performed, using semi-automatic methodology, available in the mentioned software. For the statistical analysis, Dice similarity coefficient (DICE), Hausdorff distance (DH), comparisons between volumes and time intervals for segmentations were used. The parameters evaluated demonstrated a good intraobserver reproducibility, with DICE ranging from 0.83 to 0.97 and Hausdorff distance ranging from 3.37 to 28.73 mm. Good interobserver reproducibility was also demonstrated with DICE ranging from 0.73 to 0.97 and Hausdorff distance ranging from 3.93 to 33.40 mm. Semiautomatic segmentation demonstrated good similarity to manual segmentation (DICE ranging from 0.71 to 0.96 and HD ranging from 5.38 to 31.54mm), and there was significant reduction in the time required for segmentation. Among all the situations compared, the volumes did not present significant statistical differences (p-value> 0.05).

This thesis concerns different areas of biomolecular nuclearmagnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). In the first part of thethesis a new formalism for simulations of NMR pulse sequencesis introduced. The formalism is derived both from classicalmechanics and quantum mechanics and is presented forhomonuclear and heteronuclear spin systems. The formalism hasalso been adapted to systems in chemical exchange. Simulationsof pulse sequences should be more straightforward using the newformalism. In the second part of the thesis the NMR solution structuresof two ribosomal proteins are described. The ribosome isresponsible for protein production in all living cells and tounderstand the mechanism of the ribosome it is important toknow the three dimensional structure. In this thesis thestructures of S16 and S19, two of the proteins in the smallribosomal subunit, are presented. S16 is a mixed α /βprotein with a five-stranded parallel-antiparallel β-sheetand two α -helices. S19 is s mixed α/β proteinwith a three-stranded parallel-antiparallel β -sheet, oneα -helix and a short 310-helix. In the third part of the thesis a program for semiautomaticassignment of NMR-spectra is presented. Assigning resonances inthe NMR spectrum is a labor-intensive process, which can takelong time. In semiautomatic assignment a computer program aidsthe user in finding assignments but leaves all decisions to theuser, thus speeding up the process. The program described inthis thesis is a new version of ANSIG, called Ansig forWindows. The program runs on PCs under Windows and has severaltools for semiautomatic assignment. <b>Keywords:</b>nuclear magnetic resonance, structuredetermination, ribosomal proteins, NMR simulations, NMR theory,NMR assignment software, semiautomatic assignment

<p>This thesis concerns different areas of biomolecular nuclearmagnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). In the first part of thethesis a new formalism for simulations of NMR pulse sequencesis introduced. The formalism is derived both from classicalmechanics and quantum mechanics and is presented forhomonuclear and heteronuclear spin systems. The formalism hasalso been adapted to systems in chemical exchange. Simulationsof pulse sequences should be more straightforward using the newformalism.</p><p>In the second part of the thesis the NMR solution structuresof two ribosomal proteins are described. The ribosome isresponsible for protein production in all living cells and tounderstand the mechanism of the ribosome it is important toknow the three dimensional structure. In this thesis thestructures of S16 and S19, two of the proteins in the smallribosomal subunit, are presented. S16 is a mixed α /βprotein with a five-stranded parallel-antiparallel β-sheetand two α -helices. S19 is s mixed α/β proteinwith a three-stranded parallel-antiparallel β -sheet, oneα -helix and a short 3₁₀-helix.</p><p>In the third part of the thesis a program for semiautomaticassignment of NMR-spectra is presented. Assigning resonances inthe NMR spectrum is a labor-intensive process, which can takelong time. In semiautomatic assignment a computer program aidsthe user in finding assignments but leaves all decisions to theuser, thus speeding up the process. The program described inthis thesis is a new version of ANSIG, called Ansig forWindows. The program runs on PCs under Windows and has severaltools for semiautomatic assignment.</p><p><b>Keywords:</b>nuclear magnetic resonance, structuredetermination, ribosomal proteins, NMR simulations, NMR theory,NMR assignment software, semiautomatic assignment</p>

Os sarcomas ósseos representam uma proporção significativa de tumores na faixa etária pediátrica, ainda apresentando um quadro desafiador devido a sua significativa taxa de morbimortalidade. Pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de novas modalidades terapêuticas e para o desenvolvimento de métodos que identifiquem características da doença que possam permitir melhor estratificação dos pacientes através de dados clinicamente relevantes para individualizar as condutas clínicas são necessárias. Dentro deste contexto surge o conceito de radiômica, que visa extrair dados clinicamente relevantes a partir de imagens médicas. Entretanto, para colocar a radiômica em prática, é necessário selecionar, nas imagens médicas, as áreas de interesse referentes às patologias estudadas, e este processo se denomina segmentação. O objetivo primário deste estudo foi avaliar a reprodutibilidade intra e inter-observador da segmentação manual de sarcomas ósseos em imagens de ressonância magnética (RM). Como objetivo secundário, foi avaliada a capacidade da segmentação semiautomática em reduzir o tempo necessário para segmentação, mantendo similaridade com a segmentação manual. O estudo foi realizado de forma retrospectiva com inclusão de pacientes com diagnóstico de osteossarcoma ou sarcoma de Ewing confirmado por estudo histopatológico e que tivessem imagens de RM realizadas no Hospital Universitário de nossa Instituição realizadas previamente a qualquer intervenção terapêutica. Três médicos radiologistas, de forma independente e às cegas em relação as demais segmentações e em relação ao resultado histopatológico, realizaram a segmentação manual dos contornos destes tumores utilizando o software 3DSlicer, permitindo que fosse realizada avaliação da reprodutibilidade interobservador. Um dos radiologistas realizou uma segunda segmentação manual dos mesmos casos, possibilitando a avaliação da reprodutibilidade intraobservador, e, ainda, uma terceira segmentação foi realizada, utilizando metodologia semiautomática, disponível no software mencionado. Para a análise estatística, foi utilizado o coeficiente de similaridade de Dice (DICE), a distância Hausdorff (DH), comparações de volumes e análises dos intervalos de tempo necessários para realização das segmentações. Os parâmetros avaliados demonstraram haver boa reprodutibilidade intraobservador, com DICE variando entre 0,83 a 0,97; e distância Hausdorff variando entre 3,37 a 28,73 mm. Também foi demonstrada boa reprodutibilidade interobservador com DICE variando entre 0,73 a 0,97; e distância Hausdorff variando entre 3,93 a 33,40 mm. A segmentação semiautomática demonstrou boa similaridade em relação à segmentação manual (DICE variando entre 0,71 a 0,96 e DH variando entre 5,38 a 31,54 mm), havendo redução significativa do tempo necessário para segmentação. Entre todas as situações comparadas, os volumes não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p-valor>0,05). / Bone sarcomas represent a significant proportion of tumors in the pediatric age group and they still are a challenge due to their significant morbidity and mortality rates. Reseaches are important for the development of new therapeutic modalities and for the development of methods that identify features that allow better stratification of the patients with theses diseases for individualization of their treatments. In this context emerges the concept of radiomics, which is the process of extraction of clinically relevant data from medical images. It is important to segment the areas of interest im medical images for the pratice of this process. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the intra- and interobserver reproducibility of manual segmentation of bone sarcomas on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). As a secondary objective, it was evaluated if the semiautomatic segmentation could be similar to manual segmentation and if the semiautomatic method could reduce the time required for segmentation. The study was performed retrospectively with the inclusion of patients with osteosarcoma or Ewing sarcoma confirmed by histopathological study and who had MRI performed at the University Hospital of our Institution prior to any therapeutic intervention. Three radiologists, independently and blindly in relation to the other segmentations and in relation to the histopathological results, performed the manual segmentation of the contours of these tumors using 3DSlicer software, allowing an interobserver reproducibility evaluation. One of the radiologists performed a second manual segmentation of the same cases, allowing the evaluation of intraobserver reproducibility. A third segmentation was performed, using semi-automatic methodology, available in the mentioned software. For the statistical analysis, Dice similarity coefficient (DICE), Hausdorff distance (DH), comparisons between volumes and time intervals for segmentations were used. The parameters evaluated demonstrated a good intraobserver reproducibility, with DICE ranging from 0.83 to 0.97 and Hausdorff distance ranging from 3.37 to 28.73 mm. Good interobserver reproducibility was also demonstrated with DICE ranging from 0.73 to 0.97 and Hausdorff distance ranging from 3.93 to 33.40 mm. Semiautomatic segmentation demonstrated good similarity to manual segmentation (DICE ranging from 0.71 to 0.96 and HD ranging from 5.38 to 31.54mm), and there was significant reduction in the time required for segmentation. Among all the situations compared, the volumes did not present significant statistical differences (p-value> 0.05).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:36:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 2554993 bytes, checksum: cfc938dcf63594be9347c766af5d8c85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / With advances in technology emerged new forms of negotiation we can mention the electronics way, known as e-negotiation, which is characterized by total or partial processes conducted by the use of electronic media. Amidst this debate building new forms of trading assets and values, are television networks that need to agree on a more practical, fast and effective. In this context, the module was created PLANE (Assistance Negotiation Platform), which aims to build a module that allows the negotiation of audiovisual content through a semi-automated algorithm. The counter-offers will be generated through the variation attributes and analysis of content. To do this, will apply multi-attribute functions and an offset function. The trading strategy used is inserted into architecture for connecting several television networks, forming an inter-network for sharing content. Is expected, in the end, the negotiators can close a contract that will contain attribute values agreed as well as the amount to be paid for the content. / Com o avanço tecnológico surgiram novas formas de negociação, podemos citar a eletrônica, conhecida como e-negotiation, que se caracteriza por processos conduzidos total ou parcial pelo uso da mídia eletrônica. Em meio a esse debate da construção de novas formas de negociação de bens e valores, estão as redes de televisão que necessitam firmar acordos de maneira mais prática, rápida e eficaz, para que as informações não percam seu valor. Neste contexto, foi criado o módulo PLANE (Plataforma de Assistência a Negociação), que tem como objetivo a construção de um módulo que permita a negociação de conteúdos audiovisuais através de um algoritmo semiautomatizado. As contraofertas serão geradas através da variação e análise dos atributos envolvidos na negociação. Para isso, serão aplicadas funções multiatributos e uma função de deslocamento. A estratégia de negociação utilizada está inserida em uma arquitetura para conectar diversas redes de televisão, que forma uma inter-rede para o compartilhamento do conteúdo. Espera-se, ao final, que os negociadores possam fechar um contrato que conterá os valores dos atributos acordados, assim como o valor a ser pago pelo conteúdo.

<p>The aims of this work were to image and analyze the needle behavior at automated core biopsy, to investigate the clinical utility of an alternative core biopsy technique using a semiautomated gun in breast and axillary lesions, and also to compare core biopsy with surgical specimens in malignant breast lesions regarding histologic features and hormone receptor expression.</p><p>In two experimental studies, using butter and silicon phantoms, respectively, the needle pass was imaged and its dynamic behavior studied. It was shown that the needle took a curved course in phantoms. It deviated to the same side as where the tip lay, and the degree of the curvature increased with increasing hardness of the phantoms. Our experimental methods can be applied for imaging of needle behavior and thereby improvement of needle configuration.</p><p>In two clinical studies, a semiautomated gun was used for large needle core biopsy of breast and axillary lesions in two series of 145 and 21 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for diagnosis of malignancy was 87% (108/124), and in 37% (31/83) of cases the full length of the needle notch was filled with specimen. No injury to the neurovascular structures of the axillary area was observed. It was concluded that the semiautomated gun can be used as an alternative to the automated gun when the size and location of the lesion render use of the automatic device uncertain or dangerous, e.g., in small breast lesions or lesions located in the axilla.</p><p>In a series of 129 cases of breast cancer, comparison of core biopsy and surgical specimens showed that core biopsy provided enough information on the histologic type and grade of the lesions. Also, there was moderate to high concordance between the two methods for assessment of progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors (Spearman`s kappa 0.67 and 0.89, respectively).</p>

The aims of this work were to image and analyze the needle behavior at automated core biopsy, to investigate the clinical utility of an alternative core biopsy technique using a semiautomated gun in breast and axillary lesions, and also to compare core biopsy with surgical specimens in malignant breast lesions regarding histologic features and hormone receptor expression. In two experimental studies, using butter and silicon phantoms, respectively, the needle pass was imaged and its dynamic behavior studied. It was shown that the needle took a curved course in phantoms. It deviated to the same side as where the tip lay, and the degree of the curvature increased with increasing hardness of the phantoms. Our experimental methods can be applied for imaging of needle behavior and thereby improvement of needle configuration. In two clinical studies, a semiautomated gun was used for large needle core biopsy of breast and axillary lesions in two series of 145 and 21 patients, respectively. The sensitivity of the method for diagnosis of malignancy was 87% (108/124), and in 37% (31/83) of cases the full length of the needle notch was filled with specimen. No injury to the neurovascular structures of the axillary area was observed. It was concluded that the semiautomated gun can be used as an alternative to the automated gun when the size and location of the lesion render use of the automatic device uncertain or dangerous, e.g., in small breast lesions or lesions located in the axilla. In a series of 129 cases of breast cancer, comparison of core biopsy and surgical specimens showed that core biopsy provided enough information on the histologic type and grade of the lesions. Also, there was moderate to high concordance between the two methods for assessment of progesterone receptors and estrogen receptors (Spearman`s kappa 0.67 and 0.89, respectively).

Thesis (Doctora).