The development of novel targeted therapeutics for the treatment of cancer remains difficult due to the complex nature of the disease itself as well as the challenges associated with the synthesis of these therapeutics. Impediments to the discovery of novel drug candidates include lack of available starting materials and access to well-developed syntheses which are both convenient and economically feasible. Semicarbazides, for instance, are a critical synthon for the manufacture of numerous biologically important molecules. Historically, convenient methods for the synthesis of semicarbazides and their derivatives did not exist. Recently, a facile and efficient method for the preparation of semicarbazides via their corresponding phenyl carbamates was developed. These phenyl carbamate intermediates may also be used to prepare a wide variety of other derivatives such as substituted ureas as well as the aryl carbamoyl derivatives of 1,3-diazinane-5-carboxamide. While exploring the preparation of the aryl carbamoyl derivatives of 1,3-diazinane-5-carboxamide, it was found that these compounds possess anti-cancer activity against the glioblastoma LN-229 cell line. Intrigued by these results, additional analogues were designed, leading to the development of a small library of chromenopyrimidinedione and pyrimidinequinolinedione compounds as potential anti-cancer agents. Indeed, these two classes of compounds, with many of the derivatives novel, produced a selection of interesting molecules with potent anti-cancer activity against the glioblastoma cell line LN-229 at biologically relevant concentrations. Taken together, these results provide a unique approach not only to the design but also towards the synthesis of novel therapeutics intended for use as anti-cancer agents.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-04-12T18:36:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelcarvalhaesmachado.pdf: 15330554 bytes, checksum: b28797a7ed7a97cc333b801efe362c9b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-04-24T03:30:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelcarvalhaesmachado.pdf: 15330554 bytes, checksum: b28797a7ed7a97cc333b801efe362c9b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-24T03:30:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rafaelcarvalhaesmachado.pdf: 15330554 bytes, checksum: b28797a7ed7a97cc333b801efe362c9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-22 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A presente tese, intitulada "Síntese, caracterização e avaliações biológicas de 4-piridinil, 7-cloro-4-quinolinil e 9-acridinil, semicarbazidas e tiossemicarbazidas" descreve a preparação, caracterização e avaliação do potencial biológico de compostos sintéticos híbridos contendo uma porção heterocíclica (núcleo piridínico, quinolínico ou acridínico) associada a uma subunidade tiossemicarbazida ou semicarbazida N-4 substituída. Os compostos almejados foram preparados por duas rotas sintéticas distintas: 1) via reação de substituição nucleofílica aromática entre os derivados halo-heterocíclicos (4-cloropiridina, 4,7-dicloroquinolina e 9-cloroacridina) e as tiossemicarbazidas e semicarbazidas N-4 substituídas e 2) via reação de adição dos derivados heterocíclicos de hidrazina (4-hidrazinopiridina, 7-cloro-4-hidrazinoquinolina e 9-hidrazinoacridina) aos isotiocianatos e isocianatos. As estruturas químicas dos produtos obtidos, bem como as dos intermediários sintéticos, foram caracterizadas por faixa de fusão, espectroscopia no infravermelho, de ressonância magnética nuclear de hidrogênio e de carbono-13 e por espectrometria de massas. Os compostos sintetizados foram avaliados como potenciais agentes antibacterianos (S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa e S. typhimurium), antituberculares (M. tuberculosis) e antitumorais. Enquanto alguns dos compostos avaliados apresentaram atividade antibacteriana promissora, nenhum dos compostos sintéticos pode ser considerado candidato a agente anti-TB. Em relação a atividade antitumoral, a maioria dos compostos avaliados exibiu elevada citotoxicidade. / The present thesis, entitled “Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of 4-pyridinyl, 7-chloro-4-quinolinyl, 9-acridinyl, semicarbazides and thiossemicarbazides”, describes the preparation, characterization and evaluation of the biological potential of synthetic hybrid compounds containing a heterocyclic moiety (pyridine, quinoline or acridine ring) associated with an N-4 substituted semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide subunit. The desired compounds were prepared by two different synthetic routes: 1) via nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction between the halo-heterocyclic derivatives (4-chloropyridine, 4,7-dichloroquinoline and 9-chloroacridine) and N-4 substituted thiosemicarbazides and semicarbazides and 2) via addition reaction of the heterocyclic hydrazine derivatives (4-hydrazinopyridine, 7-chloro-4-hydrazinoquinoline and 9-hydrazinoacridine) to isothiocyanates and isocyanates. The chemical structures of the products obtained, as well as synthetic intermediates, were characterized by their melting points, infrared spectroscopy, 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies and by mass spectrometry. The compounds synthesized were evaluated as potential antibacterial (S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa e S. typhimurium), antituberculosis (M. tuberculosis) and antitumor agents. While some of the evaluated compounds showed promising antibacterial activity, none of the compounds synthesized may be considered a candidate as an anti-TB agent. With respect to antitumor activity, the majority of the evaluated compounds exhibited high cytotoxicity.