This master's thesis summarizes the results of analytical surface collections and large-scale geophysical survey of early medieval settlement Havraň, cadastral municipality Vestec nad Mrlinou, district Nymburk. The Mrlina river basin was chosen as a model region, as it is an area of continuous archaeological interest with a complete record of High Middle Ages settlement. Havraň seems to be a site with the greatest study potential, the site is also a historically significant place. According to written sources, the settlement Havraň was an administrative centre of a lower order in the Early Middle Ages. There was a motte and bailey with a farmyard and several homesteads in the High Middle Ages. The site was newly researched using analytical surface collections and large-scale geophysical surveys. The aim of non-destructive archaeological research was primarily to understand the form and disposition of early medieval settlement and its changes in the High Middle Ages. A substantial part of the work is the analysis of the ceramic assemblage from the surface collections, evaluation the data in GIS, and correlation with the results of the geophysical survey. During the interpretation of the results, the graduate focused mainly on the basic idea of (1) the chronology of settlement, (2) the spatial extent...

Mon travail de thèse est fondé sur la recherche d’une meilleure compréhension de la distribution géographique des polymorphismes érythrocytaires: antigènes de surface des systèmes de groupes sanguins érythrocytaires (GSE) et glucose-6-phosphate déshydrogénase (G6PD) intracellulaire. L’analyse sur 75 populations d’Asie des fréquences de l'allèle DI*01 du système de GSE Diego, des haplotypes C2-M217 et C2-M401 du chromosome Y, des coordonnées géographiques et des langues, a pu montrer la corrélation entre ces marqueurs. La répartition de DI*01 semble suivre les conquêtes mongoles, avec une expansion radiale depuis la Mongolie, porté par les nomades de langue Altaïque présentant C2-M217 et C2-M401. L'étude du gène G6PD chez 80 individus de Guyane Française de la communauté des Noirs Marrons originaire d’Afrique sub-Saharienne, aborde les relations santé-environnement. Les mutations du déficit en G6PD caractéristiques des variants sub-Sahariens ont été retrouvées chez une personne sur huit. La répartition du déficit était inconnue en Guyane Française et est encore mal connue en Amérique Latine et dans les Caraïbes, où sévit encore Plasmodium vivax dont le traitement nécessite l’utilisation de la primaquine pouvant entraîner une hémolyse sévère chez les individus G6PD-déficients. Mon troisième objectif a été de mettre en évidence l’influence de différents facteurs sur la répartition des polymorphismes de 10 systèmes de GSE étudiant 343 populations. Par des modélisations, les fréquences alléliques ont été confrontées aux données environnementales et culturelles. Enfin, une étude a été réalisée sur le système Duffy avec des analyses de détection de la sélection sur données SNP. / My Ph.D. work is based on the search for a better understanding of the geographical distribution of red blood cell polymorphisms: the surface antigens of red cell blood group systems (BGS) and the intracellular glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). The analysis on 75 Eurasian populations of frequencies of the DI*01 allele coding for Diego a antigen of Diego BGS, the C2-M217 and C2-M401 haplotypes of the Y chromosome, geographic coordinates and languages, has shown a correlation between these markers. The DI*01 distribution seems to follow the Mongol conquests, carried by the Altaic-speaking nomads possessing the C2-M217 and C2-M401 haplotypes with a radial expansion from Mongolia. The study of the G6PD gene in 80 individuals from French Guiana of the Noir Marron community originating from sub-Saharan Africa, addresses health-environment relations. Characteristic mutations of sub-Saharan variants of G6PD deficiency have occurred in one in eight people. The G6PD deficiency distribution was previously unknown in French Guiana and is still poorly known in Latin America and the Caribbean, where Plasmodium vivax still cracks down. Its treatment requires the use of primaquine which may cause severe haemolysis in G6PD-deficient individuals. My third objective was to highlight the influence of different factors on the distribution of polymorphisms of 10 BGS studying 343 populations. Through model adjustments, allelic frequencies have been confronted to environmental and cultural data. Finally, a study has been also conducted on the Duffy BGS by analyses of detection of natural selection on SNP data.

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Die verhandeling begin met 'n beknopte oorsig oor die plek en aard van plaaslike geskiedenis in Westerse en Suid-Afrikaanse historiografie. Machadodorp se geografiese ligging, sowel as fisiese faktore soos geografie en klimaat was bepalend tydens die vroeë vestigingsgeskiedenis. Uit argeologiese navorsing wat in die groter streek gedoen is, is vasgestel dat Steentydperkmense, Ystertydperkmense en swart gemeenskappe soos die Koni, Pedi en Swazi van die vroegste inwoners van die gebied was. Gedurende die laaste helfte van die negentiende eeu het die eerste wit setlaars die gebied binnegekom. Die bou van die hoofspoorlyn, die Oosterlijn, na die Portugese hawe Delagoabaai was belangrik vir die behoud van die politieke en ekonomiese onafhanklikheid van die ZAR. Die geskiedenis van die opmeet, bou en ontwikkeling van hierdie spoorlyn en die ontstaansgeskiedenis van Machadodorp is nou verweef. Aanvanklik was albei nedersettings, Machadodorp en Carolina, deel van die Lydenburglanddrosdistrik. Toe Carolina in 1893 tot onafhanklike landdrosdistrik geproklameer is, moes die ZAR-regering uitsluitsel gee tot watter distrik Machadodorp sou hoort. Die uiteindelike besluit dat dit deel van die Lydenburg-landdrosdistrik moes bly, sou vir Machadodorp en omgewing langdurende administratiewe gevolge inhou. Die Anglo-Boereoorlog was die mees ingrypende gebeurtenis in Machadodorp se geskiedenis voor 1904. Nadat Pretoria, die hoofstad van die ZAR, deur die Britse magte beset is, het Machadodorp die tydelike regeringsetel van die ZAR geword (5 Junie 1900 tot 27 Augustus 1900). Die Britse troepe het Machadodorp op 28 Augustus 1900 beset en op 1 September 1900 het lord Roberts, die opperbevelhebber van die Britse troepe in suider-Afrika, die Transvaal as deel van die Britse ryk geproklameer. Britse troepe was op die dorp tot na die vredesluiting in 1902. Die verhandeling word afgesluit met 'n bespreking van die administratiewe proses waarvolgens Machadodorp tot dorp geproklameer is. Hierdie proses, wat deur die uitbreek van die oorlog onderbreek is, is tydens die koloniale tydperk voltooi. Op 30 Desember 1904 is Machadodorp tot dorp geproklameer en het die eerste fase in die dorp se ontwikkelingsgeskiedenis tot 'n einde gekom. ENGLISH : The dissertation begins with a brief review of the nature and status of local history in Western and South African historiography. The geographic location of Machadodorp as well as physical factors, such as geology and climate, determined early settlement patterns. From archaeological research in the area it was determined that the earliest inhabitants of the greater Machadodorp area were Stone Age people, Iron Age people and black communities, such as the Koni, Pedi and Swazi. During the last half of the nineteenth century the first whites settled in the region of Machadodorp. To retain their political and economic independence the ZAR had to obtain a non- British route to the outside world. This idea could only be realized if a railway line, the Oosterlijn, was built to the Portuguese harbour of Delgoa Bay. There is a very close link between the surveying, planning, building and development of this railway line and the history of the establishment of Machadodorp. Initially, the two settlements, Machadodorp and Carolina were part of the Lydenburg magisterial district. When Carolina was proclaimed an independent magisterial district in 1893, the ZAR government had to make a decision regarding the district to which Machadodorp would belong. The eventual decision that Machadodorp should remain part of the Lydenburg magisterial district resulted in long term administrative consequences for the Machadodorp area. The Anglo Boer War was the most influential event in the history of Machadodorp prior to 1904. After Pretoria, the capital of the ZAR was occupied by the British forces Machadodorp became the temporary seat of the ZAR government (5 June 1900 – 27 August 1900). On 28 August 1900 the town was occupied by the British troops and on 1 September 1900 Lord Roberts, Commander-in-chief of the British troops in Southern Africa, proclaimed the Transvaal as part of the British Empire. The British troops remained in Machadodorp until after the peace negotiations in 1902. The dissertation concludes with a discussion of the process by which Machadodorp was proclaimed a town. This process which started before the outbreak of the war was disrupted by the war and was only completed after the war. On 30 December 1904 Machadodorp was proclaimed a town, whereby the first phase in Machadodorp’s developmental history was concluded. / Dissertation (MA)--University of Pretoria, 2011. / Historical and Heritage Studies / unrestricted

This master's thesis deals with the natural environment of two selected deserted medieval localities - Jevany-Dubina (Prague-East District) and Hol (Capital City of Prague). This work consists of two relatively independent parts. The first theoretical part describes chemical processes occurring in forest soils, and anthropogenic impact on soil. The second part is the actual research associated mainly with the study of agricultural land use and the variability of the natural environment influenced by man. The research of the Jevany-Dubina site consisted of an additional geodetic survey, a description of all relics, a surface collection and a geophysical survey. Selected procedures partially helped to interpret the parts of the settlement and its function. We conclude that a farmstead with guardians was most probable. The main part of the thesis is devoted to a geochemical research in the intravilan and extravilan of the deserted medieval village Hol. The greatest attention was paid to the interpretation of phosphorus (P) distribution in soil. Another of the issues dealt with in this thesis was the extent to which residents fertilized their fields and gardens around the village. Higher values of anthropogenic P in soil have been documented only in the intravilan of the village. Farther away from the...

Orientador: Ubaldo Silveira / Banca: Helen Barbosa Raiz Engler / Banca: Martha Maria dos Santos / Resumo: A luta dos assentados do Horto Florestal Guarany é uma história muito bonita; plantaram a semente em solo enfraquecido, com poucas condições de terem uma produção agrícola, e mesmo assim estão produzindo e construindo um mundo novo para futuras gerações. Enfrentam desafios, preconceito, são vistos como desrespeitadores das leis, enfrentam os poderosos, lutam, sofrem e, com o suor de seu trabalho, constroem uma história diferente. Trabalharam a terra, adubaram, estão sempre repondo os nutrientes do solo, embaixo de sol e chuva e quantas não foram as vezes que dormiram em barracos e comeram o que havia. Nunca perderam a esperança de que a semente desse bons frutos. Infelizmente, alguns desistiram no caminho, e os que permaneceram hoje estão colhendo o fruto e o alimento da semente que plantaram, têm moradia, respeito e dignidade, e a luta continua. Esta dissertação mostra um aspecto da questão fundiária e agrária da realidade brasileira e evidencia a necessidade da Reforma Agrária como expressão da justiça social. / Abstract: The settled landlessþs struggle at Horto Florestal Guarany is a very beautiful story. They have planted the seed in a depleted soil, with few conditions to obtain any crop. However, they have been producing and building a new world for future generations. They face challenges and prejudice. They are considered to be disrespectful to laws, they face the magnates, fight, suffer, break their backs writing a different story. They have worked the land and fertilized it. They are always replacing soil nutriments, no matter sun or rain. How many times have they slept in slums and eaten only what is left? They have never been hopeless expecting the seed to turn into the fruit. Unfortunately some have given up along the way, and those remaining today are picking the fruit from the seed they have planted, the food, their housing, respect and dignity. And the fight keeps up. This paper displays one aspect of the agrarian problem in the Brazilian reality, making it clear that the Land Reform is very necessary as an expression of social justice. / Mestre

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-11-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:39:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 correa_mls_me_fran.pdf: 809676 bytes, checksum: 08c8bf72c100565ece1feeb7c40b0d01 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A luta dos assentados do Horto Florestal Guarany é uma história muito bonita; plantaram a semente em solo enfraquecido, com poucas condições de terem uma produção agrícola, e mesmo assim estão produzindo e construindo um mundo novo para futuras gerações. Enfrentam desafios, preconceito, são vistos como desrespeitadores das leis, enfrentam os poderosos, lutam, sofrem e, com o suor de seu trabalho, constroem uma história diferente. Trabalharam a terra, adubaram, estão sempre repondo os nutrientes do solo, embaixo de sol e chuva e quantas não foram as vezes que dormiram em barracos e comeram o que havia. Nunca perderam a esperança de que a semente desse bons frutos. Infelizmente, alguns desistiram no caminho, e os que permaneceram hoje estão colhendo o fruto e o alimento da semente que plantaram, têm moradia, respeito e dignidade, e a luta continua. Esta dissertação mostra um aspecto da questão fundiária e agrária da realidade brasileira e evidencia a necessidade da Reforma Agrária como expressão da justiça social. / The settled landlessþs struggle at Horto Florestal Guarany is a very beautiful story. They have planted the seed in a depleted soil, with few conditions to obtain any crop. However, they have been producing and building a new world for future generations. They face challenges and prejudice. They are considered to be disrespectful to laws, they face the magnates, fight, suffer, break their backs writing a different story. They have worked the land and fertilized it. They are always replacing soil nutriments, no matter sun or rain. How many times have they slept in slums and eaten only what is left? They have never been hopeless expecting the seed to turn into the fruit. Unfortunately some have given up along the way, and those remaining today are picking the fruit from the seed they have planted, the food, their housing, respect and dignity. And the fight keeps up. This paper displays one aspect of the agrarian problem in the Brazilian reality, making it clear that the Land Reform is very necessary as an expression of social justice.