M.A. / Please refer to full text to view abstract

Syften med studien var att undersöka om en kvinna uppfattas vara lika lämplig som en man till en ledarskapsposition samt om män innehar högre grad sexistiska attityder i jämförelse med kvinnor. Deltagare var 72 studenter (36 kvinnor och 36 män) i åldrarna 20–34 (M = 23) från en stad i Mellansverige. Deltagarna läste en vinjett om en manlig eller kvinnlig chef och skattade chefens egenskaper och förmågan att genomföra ett förändringsarbete. Därefter fyllde de i Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI) och Swedish Modern Sexism Scale (SMSS). Resultatet visade att chefens kön inte påverkade bedömningen av chefens lämplighet. Men männen ansåg tillskillnad mot kvinnorna, att chefen var mindre lämplig. Hypotesen angående könsskillnader i sexism bekräftades inte eftersom män och kvinnor skattade lika i ASI och SMMS. Slutsatser som drogs var att studenter inte associerar maskulinitet med ledarskapspositioner och att de innehar låg grad av sexistiska attityder. / -

Bibliography: pages 151-157. / The intention of this thesis is to offer a perspective on the current debate over women's place in Western religious institutions, i.e. the Judaeo-Christian tradition; and to provide a way of thinking about those issues which will lead to a positive, progressive and realistic vision of co-humanity, and a method of achieving it. The thorny battleground of the "women's debate", as it is inaccurately named, was not my original choice of thesis topic. A lifelong commitment to feminist principles has been matched with an equally lengthy wariness regarding society's attitude towards such matters. Also, the understandable obsession of South African religious studies departments, and journals, with the issue of racism has had the inevitable result of trivializing the related issue of sexism as secondary. The narrowness of such thinking has led to strange distortions, including the belief that evil can somehow be 'ranked' and that there can be a 'hierarchy' of oppression. My intentions changed during a search of religious publications and journals while completing a post-graduate assignment. It was abundantly apparent that the scale of the debate on women's place in religion was fast outstripping most other debates. However, it was not an area which had been treated locally with seriousness. It had unfolded into a comprehensive and highly contentious debate in North American and British campuses and religious institutions, and the proliferation of books and articles on the subject by not only theologians but also sociologists, anthropologists and linguists had greatly extended the platform and the level on which the debate was to be fought. It appeared that women working in many fields were laying claim to religion, and were engaging issues which had previously been left to the handful of articulate women working at least nominally within orthodox structures.

Doctor of Philosophy / Department of Psychology / Donald A. Saucier / Research on contemporary sexism suggests that sexism has many different forms and they influence women differently. Evidence shows that women who experience subtle forms of sexism (e.g., modern and benevolent sexism) feel anxious and less competent, yet are less likely to identify these forms of sexism as prejudice against women. Because research suggests that social support is related to better psychological outcomes, we hypothesized that higher levels of perceived social support would be associated with better psychological outcomes among female participants who experienced sexism. In addition, receiving a supportive message after experiencing sexism would buffer the negative psychological effects of sexism, and thus the participants would perform better on a problem-solving task. However, the results only partially supported the hypotheses. Higher levels of perceived social support were indeed associated with better psychological outcomes, but participants who experienced sexism did not differ significantly from those who did not experience sexism regarding psychological outcomes. Further, receiving social support after experiencing sexism did not produce significant improvements on the problem-solving task, though participants who experienced modern sexism did report an increase in hostile affect if they did not receive social support. Possible reasons for the findings are discussed.

This study analyses the implications of the state development strategies of the past four decades for gender relations in rural China. Based on rural women's own perspectives, the research examines their gains and losses under the Mao and post-Mao development policies, and allows women themselves to define their needs, priorities and interests as against those defined by the state. The research reveals a fundamental collision of the Maoist urban-centred development strategy of agricultural collectivisation with the interests of rural women. It demonstrates as well an essential congruence of the ostensibly iconoclastic Cultural Revolution with the orthodox Confucian patriarchal familial and state systems, and thus oppressiveness for women. The post-Mao reorientation of the official development strategy has brought a gradual shift in the function of the state, leading to a changing relationship between the state and women. Rural women, in this process, have acted as agents of change in both defying the state-imposed restrictions and contesting the patriarchal gender rules that have posed constraints on their lives. Women's actions as such have constituted an unprecedented challenge to traditional values, gender expectations and the existing political, social and sexual orders. However, rural women's inroads into male-dominated occupations and their hopes for further empowerment through education, training and employment, and through political participation and representation have been impeded by the structural urban-rural cleavage, unequal gender power relations, traditional ideas and male prejudice, as well as inadequate government actions. Sexism has simply assumed new forms: the gendered allocation of rights, opportunities and resources in the marketplace. Women are more able now to organise their independent interests and exert pressure on the authorities. Meanwhile, the growing gender inequalities during the economic transition call for a bigger role of the state in guaranteeing social justice and gender equity in the fresh redistribution of rights and interests.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--Carleton University, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 223-237). Also available in electronic format on the Internet.

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 182-195).

Dissertation (D.M.A.)--The University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed May 28, 2009). Advisor: Welborn Young; submitted to the School of Music. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Rowan University, 2005. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references.

Contradictory views of nontraditional women provide a backdrop for differing perceptions of policewomen. After reading a vignette of a traffic stop by either a policewoman or a policeman who had either made a mistake or not a mistake in pulling participants over, 230 MTurk participants provided their anticipated affective, behavioral, and cognitive perceptions of the police officer that pulled them over and gave them a traffic ticket. Anticipated affective, behavioral, and cognitive perceptions for policewomen and policemen diverged for those high in hostile sexism and those high in benevolent sexism. Those high in hostile sexism perceive policewomen less warm than those who scored low in hostile sexism. Individuals high in benevolent sexism who read about interacting with a policewoman who made a mistake were more likely to produce positive behaviors compared to a policewoman who had not made a mistake. Additionally, those high in benevolent sexism who read about interacting with a policewoman were more likely to have a negative affective reaction about the situation compared to those who interact with a policeman. This study replicates the past research on ambivalent sexism, such that those high in hostile sexism revere traditional women and dislike nontraditional women while those high in benevolent sexism are overall more positive towards women but in a condescending manner. Additionally, this study extends ambivalent sexism theories into police research suggesting that citizens will react to a policewoman in line with their level of ambivalent sexism.