Background: The optimal extent of the prostate biopsy remains controversial. There is a need to avoid detection of insignificant cancer but not to miss significant and curable tumors. In alternative treatments of prostate cancer, repeated sextant biopsies are used to estimate the response. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of a repeated systematic sextant biopsy as the standard biopsy technique in patients with significant tumors which are being considered for curative treatment. Methods: Systematic sextant biopsy was performed in vitro in 92 radical prostatectomy specimens. Of these patients, 81 (88.0%) had palpable lesions. Results: Of the 92 investigated patients, 70 (76.1%) had potentially curable pT2-3pN0 prostate cancers. In these patients, the cancer was detected only in 72.9% of cases by a repeated in vitro biopsy. In the pT2 tumors, there was a detection rate of only 66.7%. Conclusions: This study underlines the fact that a considerable number of significant and potentially curable tumors remain undetected by the conventional sextant biopsy. A negative sextant biopsy does not rule out significant prostate cancer. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

Background: The optimal extent of the prostate biopsy remains controversial. There is a need to avoid detection of insignificant cancer but not to miss significant and curable tumors. In alternative treatments of prostate cancer, repeated sextant biopsies are used to estimate the response. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of a repeated systematic sextant biopsy as the standard biopsy technique in patients with significant tumors which are being considered for curative treatment. Methods: Systematic sextant biopsy was performed in vitro in 92 radical prostatectomy specimens. Of these patients, 81 (88.0%) had palpable lesions. Results: Of the 92 investigated patients, 70 (76.1%) had potentially curable pT2-3pN0 prostate cancers. In these patients, the cancer was detected only in 72.9% of cases by a repeated in vitro biopsy. In the pT2 tumors, there was a detection rate of only 66.7%. Conclusions: This study underlines the fact that a considerable number of significant and potentially curable tumors remain undetected by the conventional sextant biopsy. A negative sextant biopsy does not rule out significant prostate cancer. / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.

The Sextant in its earliest known form consisted of divided circles and compasses with simply sights. An early Creek astronomer of the second century after Christ, Claudius Ptolemaeus, or more commonly called Ptolemy, wrote a book entitled Megale Syntaxis tes Astron- omias, also known by the Arabic title Almagest. The instrument described in this book was called the Astrolable and was used to measure the angular distance between stars. It was made of two concentric vertical circles, the largest and outer circle was about sixteen inches in diameter with graduated arc; the central ring was movable and carried the two sights.

This thesis argues that the FCB (Foote, Cone and Belding) grid can not only be used by advertising students to write strategy, but also to write superior strategies. To demonstrate this, the research in this study identifies two versions of the FCB grid that can serve as guidelines for students when writing advertising strategy. The argument is substantiated by the results of a statistical analysis of strategies written according to the FCB grid and the Bendinger formula. A discussion of the areas which were researched and led to the introduction of the FCB grid, as well as an explanation of the FCB grid, provide the context in which the grid should be viewed as a guideline for writing advertising strategy. Thereafter, a summative overview of what advertising strategy and the Bendinger formula encompass, identifies the complexed nature of advertising strategy, as well as the minimum areas which need to be addressed when attempting to write strategy. A detailed discussion of the method which was employed and the instrument developed to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies, precedes the experimental results. A critical discussion of the results obtained from the statistical analysis and the literature on advertising strategy provide a theoretical foundation on which a model, to be used in conjunction with the FCB grid to write strategy, is designed. The model is then explained to illustrate how students can, in conjunction with the FCB grid, apply it to write advertising strategy. This thesis recommends that, in order to improve on the suggested method of evaluating strategies, the measurement scale developed in this study could be considered as a starting point. A further recommendation is that the experiment comparing strategies written according to the FCB sextant grid to those written according to the FCB quadrant grid, could provide the need for further research. The thesis concludes that as far as could be determined, this was the first time that a study of this nature was undertaken and that the need for future research to validate this study and its results, exists. / Communication Science / D. Litt et Phil. (Communication)

This thesis argues that the FCB (Foote, Cone and Belding) grid can not only be used by advertising students to write strategy, but also to write superior strategies. To demonstrate this, the research in this study identifies two versions of the FCB grid that can serve as guidelines for students when writing advertising strategy. The argument is substantiated by the results of a statistical analysis of strategies written according to the FCB grid and the Bendinger formula. A discussion of the areas which were researched and led to the introduction of the FCB grid, as well as an explanation of the FCB grid, provide the context in which the grid should be viewed as a guideline for writing advertising strategy. Thereafter, a summative overview of what advertising strategy and the Bendinger formula encompass, identifies the complexed nature of advertising strategy, as well as the minimum areas which need to be addressed when attempting to write strategy. A detailed discussion of the method which was employed and the instrument developed to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies, precedes the experimental results. A critical discussion of the results obtained from the statistical analysis and the literature on advertising strategy provide a theoretical foundation on which a model, to be used in conjunction with the FCB grid to write strategy, is designed. The model is then explained to illustrate how students can, in conjunction with the FCB grid, apply it to write advertising strategy. This thesis recommends that, in order to improve on the suggested method of evaluating strategies, the measurement scale developed in this study could be considered as a starting point. A further recommendation is that the experiment comparing strategies written according to the FCB sextant grid to those written according to the FCB quadrant grid, could provide the need for further research. The thesis concludes that as far as could be determined, this was the first time that a study of this nature was undertaken and that the need for future research to validate this study and its results, exists. / Communication Science / D. Litt et Phil. (Communication)

This work presents steps in creation of remote position tracking application. Document introduces history of geographical positioning and navigation, and describes development of navigation from primitive utilities to complex radio navigation systems. Global Positioning System is described in more detail including NMEA protocol used by GPS receivers. This work also presents several current navigation applications. Based on obtained information work presents analysis, object-oriented design and implementation of remote position tracking system.

[ES] La presente tesis es desarrollo de una investigación sobre promociones residenciales del siglo XX surgidas como parte de un centro de producción industrial privado, inmersas en un proceso de in- dustrialización creciente y en el marco de una estructura de capitalismo paternalista. La investigación se centraba en las comarcas de la Plana y en concreto en la empresa Segarra. En la fase de establecer la contextualización internacional del fenómeno, se descubrió un caso con una profundidad teórica y pragmática mucho mayor que aconsejó centrar en él los objetivos. Un caso absolutamente paralelo, no solo en la trayectoria sino también en los métodos e incluso en el mismo sector productivo preferente: el calzado. Se trata de la empresa de calzados Bat'a, nacida en el seno del desaparecido Imperio austrohúngaro y desarrollada mayoritariamente en el tiempo político de la antigua República Checoslovaca. Este centro de producción, propiedad de la familia que encabezaba Tomáš Bat'a , desarrolló un interesan- te programa residencial alrededor de lo que fue su sede inicial, la ciudad morava de Zlín. Y consiguió expandir en su fase de desarrollo este modelo de asentamiento coordinado entre residencia e indus- tria por otros puntos de Europa e incluso del mundo. El sucesor forzoso de Tomáš en la dirección, su hermano Jan Antonín, requirió durante un breve período de tiempo de los servicios del estudio parisino de Pierre Jeanneret y Le Corbusier. Fue este último quien llevó la interlocución con la empresa y quien se desplazó para atender las diferentes demandas y ofrecer sus frustradas propuestas. La tesis consiste en describir y contextualizar la labor de la empresa Bat'a dentro de la cultura europea y checoslovaca de entreguerras tanto en la dimensión fabril (Puntos de producción), en la construcción de viviendas y equipamientos (Puntos de reposición) así como en lugares de venta (Puntos de distribución); todos ellos proyectados por arquitectos formados en la Escuela de Arquitectura de Viena y conectados activamente con el racionalismo checo. Consiste también, sobre todo, en identificar especialmente el bienio 1935 1936, los años de contacto entre el industrial y el estudio, analizando exhaustivamente los trabajos realizados por este para la firma Bat'a, insertándolos dentro del conjunto de los desarrollados por Jeanneret y Le Corbusier en este período de tiempo. Quiere ser una descripción exhaustiva y crítica, significando adicionalmente algunos trabajos de este período muy poco estudiados,¿e incluso ignorados¿ por la crítica arquitectónica especializada. Incluye también algunas restituciones infográficas de los proyectos realizados para Bat'a. / [EN] Abstract This thesis arises as a consequence of research on 20th century residential developments, conceived as part of a private production center, within a process of increasing industrialization and in the framework of paternalistic capitalism. The focus of investigation was La Plana region, specifically the Segarra Company. A case of greater theoretical and pragmatic depth was discovered in the phase of international contextualization of the phenomenon; and we decided to focus on it. A completely parallel case, not only in its trajectory but also in the methods, coinciding in the same main productive sector: footwear. It is the Bat'a shoe company, born in the heart of disappeared Austro Hungarian Empire and developed mainly in the political time of the former Czechoslovak Republic. This production center, owned by the family head Tomáš Bat'a, developed an interesting residential program around what was its initial headquarters, the Moravian city of Zlín. And it managed to expand in its development phase this model of settlement coordinated between residence and industry in other parts of Europe and even in the world. Tomáš forced successor at the management, his brother Jan Antonín, required for a short period of time the services of the Parisian studio of Pierre Jeanneret and Le Corbusier. It was the latter who led the dialogue with the company and who went to meet the different demands and offer their frustrated proposals. The thesis consists in describing and contextualizing the work of the company Bat'a within the European and Czechoslovak culture of the interwar period, both in the manufacturing dimension (Production points), in the construction of housing and equipment (Replacement points) as well as sales outlets (distribution points); all of them designed by architects trained at the Vienna School of Architecture and actively connected with Czech rationalism. It consists also, above all, in identifying especially the biennium 1935 1936, the years of contact between the industrialist and the study, analyzing exhaustively the works carried out by this for the firm Bat'a, inserting them into the set developed by Jeanneret and Le Corbusier in this period of time. It wants to be an exhaustive and critical description, meaning additionally some works of this period little studied, and even ignored, by specialized architectural criticism. It also includes some infographic refunds of the projects carried out for Bat'a. / [CA] La present tesi és el desenvolupament d'una investigació al voltant de promocions residencials del segle XX, sorgides com a part d'un centre de producció industrial privat, immerses en un procés de industrialització creixent i en el marc d'una estructura de capitalisme paternalista. La investigació se centrava en les comarques de la Plana i, concretament, a l'empresa Segarra. Establint la contextualització internacional del fenomen, es va descobrir un cas que comptava amb una profunditat teòrica i pragmàtica molt més intensa, el que va aconsellar centrar en aquest els objectius. És un cas absolutament paral¿lel, no solament en la trajectòria sinó també en els mètodes i inclús en el mateix sector productiu preferent: el calçat. Es tracta de l'empresa de calcers Bat'a, nascuda al si del desaparegut Imperi austrohongarès i desenvolupada majoritàriament en el temps polític de la antiga República txecoslovaca. Aquest centre de producció, propietat de la família que encapçalava Tomáš Bat'a , generà un interessant programa residencial al voltant del que va ser la seua seu inicial, la ciutat moraviana de Zlín. I aconseguí expandir en la seua fase de creixement aquest model d'assentament coordinat entre residència i indústria per altres punts d'Europa i àdhuc del món. El successor forçós de Tomáš en la direcció, el seu germà Jan Antonín, requerí durant un breu període de temps dels serveis de l'estudi parisenc de Pierre Jeanneret y Le Corbusier. Fou aquest darrer qui portà endavant la interlocució amb l'empresa i qui es desplaçà per atendre les diferents demandes i oferir les seues frustrades propostes. La tesi consisteix a descriure i contextualitzar la labor de l'empresa Bat'a dins de la cultura europea i txecoslovaca d'entreguerres, tant en la dimensió fabril (Punts de producció), en la construcció de habitatges i equipaments (Punts de reposició) com en llocs de venda (Punts de distribució); tots aquestos projectats per arquitectes formats a l'Escola d'Arquitectura de Viena i connectats activa- ment amb el racionalisme txec. Consisteix així mateix, sobretot, a identificar especialment el bienni 1935 1936, els anys de con- tacte entre l'industrial i l'estudi, analitzant exhaustivament els treballs realitzats per aquest destinats a la firma Bat'a, inserint-los dins del conjunt dels elaborats per Jeanneret i Le Corbusier en aquest període de temps. Pretén ser una descripció exhaustiva i crítica significant, a més a més, alguns treballs d'aquest interval molt poc estudiats ¿i fins i tot ignorats¿ per la crítica arquitectònica es- pecialitzada. Inclou, també, algunes restitucions de infografia dels projectes realitzats per a Bat'a / Prior Y Llombart, J. (2020). Un cliente y un arquitecto: Jan Antonin Bat'a y Le Corbusier [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/149402