In 2009, the central Chinese government invested 4000 billion into the Chinese economy, real estate industry expanded and the housing price increased very fast afterwards. In the construction of housing, demand of land is huge. One source of land is resumption of old area and land. Land users or owners had much conflict with government and real estate developers in land resumption and displacement issue in the past few years. This study investigates the difference of land resumption and displacement method between Hong Kong and Shanghai. This can provide information for Shanghai government to evaluate its policy and take Hong Kong as a good reference. It is because there were many problems and conflicts like imbalance of interest sharing between land users and government and real estate developers that were caused by unfair land resumption and displacement regulations and procedures. In the beginning, concepts of property rights, rent seeking, eminent domain in United States are investigated. Also Hong Kong land tenure system, letter A/B, and situation in Shanghai are included. This shows the property rights are mature in United States and Hong Kong. Shanghai is comparatively weak in this concept. In the eminent domain concept, United States and Hong Kong are fully developed, but it is still weak in Shanghai. In the methodology, I compare the land resumption and displacement rules and regulations of Hong Kong and Shanghai. In Hong Kong, those are Urban Renewal Authority Ordinance, Lands Resumption Ordinance. While in Shanghai, they are Shanghai city land displacement housing management method, Urban Buildings Demolition Relocation Administration Regulations. By the results, we can see the system in Hong Kong is much more mature and complicate than that of Shanghai. Shanghai should consider the fairness and justice concept of Hong Kong land resumption and displacement regulations to modify its regulations. Example is like involving more parties in the land resumption procedure to monitor each other and minimize the chance of interest of conflict. At last, some suggestions are made to Shanghai government. One is law court should be only responsible for judgment, while execution is done by other party. Although there are some limitations of this study like the rapid changing of land resumption and displacement regulations in Shanghai, this study still provide some valuable information for the development of real estate industry in China. / published_or_final_version / Housing Management / Master / Master of Housing Management

This comparative research examined the effects of student involvement and college environment on students’ learning and living experience delivered by two aspiring world-class universities in Hong Kong and Shanghai. Few studies have shown how the levels of student involvement and college environment can benefit students at world-class institution. Earlier research done by Pascarella (1985) suggested that college environment impact students’ learning and living experience. Research in the field has also shown that through adequate campus facilities and campus resources, college student interaction and involvement can be promoted. Adapting a quantitative research approach, this comparative case-study utilizes the “Student Involvement Survey” from Ohio State University(OSU) and the “Student Satisfaction Study” from Birmingham City University(BCU) to examine students’ learning and living experience at aspiring world-class institutions. The study was conducted at two major research institutions from the Universitas 21 network: The University of Hong Kong (HKU) and Shanghai Jiao Tong University(SJTU). The finding indicated that: a) student involvement (academic and social) affect students’ learning and living experience, b) college environment (academic, campus, and interpersonal) affect students’ learning and living experience, and c) students’ learning and living experience impact the making of world-class universities in China. The study extends from earlier research on student involvement and college environment from the U.S. and the U.K. into China’s modern higher education. The results of this research suggest that student involvement and college environment plays a salient effect on Chinese students’ learning and living experience and its overall developmental plan for world-class universities in China. In the end, the researcher provides senior administrators, policy makers and student affairs practitioners a few recommendations to further create an educationally powerful environment and experience for all students at aspiring world-class institution in China. / published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

The Chinese middle class will be central to the continued sustainable development of China. This paper investigates the role of the middle class in the development of individual cities utilizing the Solow growth model. The paper breaks down the Solow growth model into the individual factors of production and calculates values for them over the period 2000 to 2010. Then using the data and the Cobb-Douglas production function shows that, for both Shanghai and Wuhan, total factor productivity is decreasing over the period. The size of the middle class in both cities is also calculated using a relative definition in order to compare its growth to the change in total factor productivity. The study shows that the middle class have yet to play a significant part in the economic development of Shanghai or Wuhan. / published_or_final_version / China Development Studies / Master / Master of Arts in China Development Studies

This thesis investigates various representational modes and strategies in the Shanghai courtesan illustrations in Dianshizhai Pictorial. The aim of the study is to examine how Shanghai's early modern identity was imaged, imagined and contested through the courtesan figure. I argue that by establishing a new urban iconography, Dianshizhai Pictorial transformed the Shanghai courtesan from a traditional archetypical meiren to a universal image of the urban beauty. On the one hand, the modern city, previously an alien concept, was made familiar and acceptable through the image of the Shanghai courtesan. On the other hand, the ambivalence of the courtesan's new image mirrored a mixed feeling of fear, anxiety and disdain towards the emerging metropolis. The courtesan illustrations, hence, served as an important domain where different public understandings of the city were negotiated and expressed in pictorial terms.

L’émergence de la Chine ajoute une nouvelle donnée dans la reconfiguration géopolitique de l’Asie centrale après la dissolution de l’Union soviétique. Cependant il y a peu de connaissances sur les intentions de la Chine en Asie centrale et la façon dont la politique chinoise se développe vers cette région. Tout en partant de la méthodologie géopolitique, et empruntant quelques théories des relations internationales, l’étude analyse le positionnement de la Chine en Asie centrale. Nous constatons que la Chine s’adapte de plus en plus à la nouvelle situation centrasiatique par l’adoption de l’approche multilatérale dans sa politique étrangère. Ses activités dans la région sont principalement soutenues par l’Organisation de Coopération de Shanghai, dont le prédécesseur est le Shanghai Cinq visant à résoudre la démarcation et la démilitarisation des zones frontalières. La Chine est ainsi devenue un acteur majeur et flexible, qui a relativement bien réalisé ses intérêts nationaux, tels que la stabilité du Xinjiang, la sécurité des frontières, le développement économique et l’importation énergétique. / The emergence of China adds a new data in the geopolitical reconfiguration of Central Asia after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. However, there is little knowledge about the intentions of China in Central Asia and how China’s policy is developing towards the region. Using the geopolitical methodology and borrowing some theories of international relations, the study examines the positioning of China in Central Asia. We noticed that China is becoming increasingly better adapted to the new Central Asian situation by adopting a multilateral approach in its foreign policy. Its activities in the region are mainly supported by the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, whose predecessor is the Shanghai Five to resolve the demarcation and demilitarization issues of the border areas. China has become a major and flexible player, which has relatively well achieved its national interests, such as Xinjiang’s stability, border security, economic development and energy imports.

The objective of this research is to detect change in urban areas using two satellite images (from 2001 and 2010) covering the city of Shanghai, China. These satellite images were acquired by Landsat-7 and HJ-1B, two satellites with different sensors. Two change detection algorithms were tested: image differencing and post-classification comparison. For image differencing the difference image was classified using unsupervised k-means classification, the classes were then aggregated into change and no change by visual inspection. For post-classification comparison the images were classified using supervised maximum likelihood classification and then the difference image of the two classifications were classified into change and no change also by visual inspection. Image differencing produced result with poor overall accuracy (band 2: 24.07%, band 3: 25.96%, band 4: 46.93%), while post-classification comparison produced result with better overall accuracy (90.96%). Post-classification comparison works well with images from different sensors, but it relies heavily on the accuracy of the classification. The major downside of the methodology of both algorithms was the large amount of visual inspection.

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In the past, the study of film adapted from literature has focused largely on the question of fidelity. This thesis explores new ways to look at the relationship between literature and film by showing how concepts from the field of translation studies, particularly literary translation, can enrich the study of adaptation theory. An application is made to the case of Spanish novelist Juan Marsé’s work El embrujo de Shanghai, which has been adapted to film by Fernando Trueba and to screenplay by Victor Érice. Rather than taking a hierarchical approach to the novel and its two variations, a comparative approach is used that seeks to understand the unique choices of each director and how his vision can illuminate the source novel. An adaptation of a novel does not diminish its source; instead, it opens up a space for dialogue between the two works, thus enriching the world of both literature and film.

Bakgrund: De kinesiska aktiemarknaderna har tidigare omskrivits för att vara volatila. Samtidigt har börserna i framför allt Fastlandskina varit svårtillgängliga för utländska investerare. Under 2014 lanserades Stock Connect, ett system som underlättade för utländska institutioner att handla aktier på börserna i Fastlandskina. Studien vill därför undersöka sambandet mellan volatilitet och grad av utländskt ägande samt vilken påverkan Stock Connect haft. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att analysera sambandet mellan grad av utländskt ägande och volatilitet på börserna i Fastlandskina samt inverkan av Stock Connect. Metod: Studien tillämpar en kvantitativ metod med en deduktiv ansats. Med hjälp av tidsseriedata över historisk volatilitet och grad av utländskt ägande över perioden 2006–2023 genomförs regressioner samt Chow- och t-test för att analysera samband. Vidare testas för ytterligare variabler som med stöd i litteratur och tidigare forskning kan påverka volatiliteten så som ränta, inflation, konsumentförtroende och politiskt styre. Resultat: Studiens resultat visar på att det finns ett signifikant samband mellan volatilitet och grad av utländskt ägande i Fastlandskina, där en ökad grad av utländskt ägande medför en minskad volatilitet. Studien finner även att Stock Connect har haft en signifikant påverkan på volatiliteten och det utländska ägandet, där det utländska ägandet är högre efter Stock Connect samtidigt som volatiliteten är signifikant lägre. / Background: The Chinese stock markets have previously been described as volatile. At the same time, the stock exchanges in mainland China in particular have been difficult to access by foreign investors. In 2014, Stock Connect was launched, a system that made it easier for foreign institutions to trade shares on the stock exchanges in mainland China. The study therefore wants to examine the relationship between volatility and degree of foreign ownership and what impact Stock Connect had. Purpose: The purpose of the study is to analyze the relationship between degree of foreign ownership and volatility on the stock exchanges in mainland China and the impact of Stock Connect. Methodology: The study applies a quantitative method with a deductive approach. Using time series data on historical volatility and degree of foreign ownership over the period 2006–2023, regressions, Chow test and t-tests are performed to analyze relationships. Furthermore, additional variables are tested that, with support in literature and previous research, can affect volatility such as interest rate, inflation, consumer confidence and political leader. Results: The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between volatility and degree of foreign ownership in mainland China, where an increased degree of foreign ownership leads to reduced volatility. The study also finds that Stock Connect has had a significant impact on volatility and foreign ownership, where foreign ownership is higher after Stock Connect while volatility is significantly lower.

published_or_final_version / Education / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy