Den här studien har lyft blivande lärares tankar och förväntningar kring undervisningen om sharia. Syftet har varit att ta reda på hur lärarstudenter resonerar kring deras kommande utmaningar som lärare. Sharia är som konstaterat inte så enkelt att undervisa i utan är ett ämne med många utmaningar. De utmaningar som kom fram mest i resultatet var massmedias bild av islam och elevernas fördomar om islam. Respondenterna var eniga om att utmaningarna måste tas. Trots att respondenterna är lärarstudenter och inte aktiva lärare antogs lärarrollens ansvar i att försvara skolans värderingar. Lärarstudenterna visade sig vara oroliga över det.

The discussion of Islam and their view of the Koran is constantly ”under fire” where everyone has an opinion, even the non-muslims. In this paper, the goal was to find out how the believers themselves interpret and see the Koran. The focus of this study is mainly on two suras in Koran, sura 4 verse 3 and sura 4 verse 129. The purpose of the study is to analyze the Muslim feminist authors’ views on polygamy and their focus on the two suras. The material is from four different feminist authors that writes about polygamy, their view and opinion on polygamous marriages and about the polygamous message in the Koran. The study demonstrates that the feminist authors argue from similar basis when discussing polygamy. The two most common arguments that the authors use is argument of fairness, where there is no logic to why, the otherwise so fair God, isn’t it then it comes to the terms of polygamy. Another argument that the authors bring up is the evolutionary argument, which the authors believe that the interpreters of the Koran in the present should take into account the historical development when they interpret the suras. The four different authors bring up similar arguments but different views on how polygamy in Islam and in the Koran should and can be interpreted.

The practice of Iraq and Kuwait in treaty succession has significantly contributed to the development of the concept of state succession not only in Islamic law but also in international law; a contribution which advocates the paramount importance of distinguishing between succession in fact and succession in law. Greatest attention is given to the latter in this study which is divided into the following four parts: Part 1. Survey of the development of the concept of succession in fact under Islamic law and throughout the practice of the Islamic State until the advent of the latter's territorial disintegration into many political entities, whereby various Arab territories developed independent factual identities. The practice of Iraq and Kuwait have been selected from among these entities in order to examine the maturity of certain Islamic legal rules governing succession in fact, upon which the rules governing succession in law are based. The second, third and fourth parts of this treatise survey the development of the concept of succession in law under Islamic law and its relationship to international law through five stages. A. Outline of the Islamic legacy in treaty succession according to the primary sources of Islamic law. B. Analysis of the selective practice of two of the evolving Arab states, namely Iraq and Kuwait, in order to throw some light on the application of the primary sources of Islamic law to treaty succession and the resort to principles embodied in the secondary sources where no provision is found in the former. This will help to explain the practice of these states with regard to certain controversial matters where no precedent existed. C. Study of the concept of state succession in Islamic legal theory from which the Iraqi doctrine of devolution and the Kuwaiti doctrine of non-devolution evolved. (A, B and C constitute part 2). D. (Part 3) The adoption of the Iraqi and Kuwaiti legal doctrines on treaty succession by other Arab political entities and the resulting evolution of Arabic public law. E. (Part 4) Interaction between principles and doctrines that have evolved from the secondary sources of Islamic law, such as Arabic public law, on treaty succession and international law by means of the codification process through the work of the U.N.I.L.C. and the 1978 Vienna Convention on State Succession in Respect of Treaties in which the Arab states made an important contribution to the development of the international legal order. This contribution will be further substantiated in the conclusions.

Depuis les années 1960, les états européens font face à l’arrivé d’un grand nombre de musulmans dans leurs territoires. l’application de la shari‘a en europe devient, donc, une question centrale.dans les systèmes juridiques européens, le règles islamiques sont appliquées pour des reaisons définies externes et internes. elles coexistent dans les espaces accrédités à la justice alternative connue par l’acronyme adr- alternative dispute resolution.Le recours a la justice privée, au royaume-uni, sous les auspices des normes islamiques, et ses effets en termes géopolitiques, font l’objet de cette recherche.un processus d’institutionalisation des procedures adr conformément aux normes islamiques a lieu au royaume-uni. institutions islamiques adr se présentent, agissent et sont perçues en tant que tribunaux de justice islamique. du coup, dans le débat elles sont appelées sharia courts. en revanche, ce travail de thèse n’utilise pas l’expression pour indiquer l’offre entière de justice islamique au royaume-uni. elle se réfère a des institutions islamiques qui ont des caractéristiques précises.quand ces organismes dépassent les limitis imposées par le droit interne, on assiste à un conflit de juridiction, au sens geopolitique, où l’offre de justice des tribunaux nationaux est représentée en termes antagonistes à celle des sharia courts. depuis 2008, le conflit continue de croître à travers una série de moments significatifs, de plus en plus d’acteurs et de représentations.ce qui ressort de l’analyse menée est une application du droit islamique par les sharia courts qui cause un changement entre les systèmes de valeurs concernées en direction d’un éloignement entre eux-ci. / SINCE THE 1960s, EUROPEAN STATES ARE CONFRONTED WITH THE ARRIVAL OF A GROWING NUMBER OF MUSLIMS. ACCORDINGLY, THE APPLICATION OF SHARI‘A LAW IN EUROPE WAS MEANT TO BE A CENTRAL ISSUE.IN EUROPEAN LEGAL SYSTEMS ISLAMIC RULES APPLY FOR BOTH EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL REASONS. THEY COEXIST ALONGSIDE EACH OTHER AS THE STATE MAKES ROOM FOR THE OPTIONAL CIVIL LAW. THIS IS THE CASE WITH THE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RELOSUTION, BEST KNOWN BY THE ACRONYM ADR.ADR ENABLES PARTIES TO CHOOSE THE APPLICABLE LAW, PROVIDED THAT THE REQUIREMENTS LAID DOWN IN LAW ARE MET. THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC ADR IN BRITAIN AND ITS GEOPOLITICAL EFFECTS IS THE TOPIC OF THIS RESEARCH.A PROCESS OF INSTITUTIONALIZATION OF ISLAMIC ADR HAS BEEN TAKING PLACE IN BRITAIN SINCE THE 1980s. ISLAMIC ADR INSTITUTIONS ACT AS COURTS OF JUSTICE. FURTHERMORE, THEY ARE PERCEIVED AS SUCH BY BOTH MUSLIM COMMUNITIES AND NON-MUSLIM COMMUNITIES. INDEED, THEY ARE OFTEN REFERRED TO AS SHARIA COURTS. IN CONTRAST, THIS WORK USES THE EXPRESSION ‘SHARIA COURTS’ TO ONLY INDICATE ISLAMIC INSTITUTIONS HAVING SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS. WHEN THESE ADR INSTITUTIONS BREAK THE LIMITS SET BY THE LAW, A CONFLICT OF JURISDICTION OCCURS. IT IS TO BE UNDERSTOOD IN GEOPOLITICAL SENSE, BECAUSE JUSTICE GUARANTEED FROM DOMESTIC COURTS IS DEPICTED AS ANTAGONIST TO THE JUSTICE GIVEN BY SHARIA COURTS.THE CONFLIT STARTED IN 2008 AND HAS CONTINUED TO GROW OVER THE YEARS, BY BRINGING WITH IT THE EMERGENCE OF SEVERAL OPPOSING ACTORS AND REPRESENTATIONS.THE RESEARCH UNDERTAKEN SHOWS THAT THE APPLICATION IF ISLAMIC FAMILY RULES BY SHARIA COURTS CAUSES A CHANGE IN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE VALUE SYSTEMS AT STAKE, IN THE DIRECTION OF A MUTUAL DEPARTURE.

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This thesis is a comparative study of the pre-trial procedures of England and Wales and Saudi Arabia. Its aim is to show how the pre-trial procedures of Saudi Arabia could be re-designed in order to conform to both the standards set by international human rights and the norms of Shari'ah law and argues that there is much common ground between the two. It addresses the human rights relevant to pre-trial procedures and explores in-depth how these are expressed in international human rights legislation and in the current legislation of England and Wales with particular reference to the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (1984). They are contrasted with the relevant articles of the Code of Criminal Procedure 2001 (CCP) of Saudi Arabia. Individual rights such as the right to liberty, the right silence, the right to privacy, the right to bail and the right to an effective remedy are examined in depth and relevant case law is cited throughout. The history of pre-trial procedures and regulations in England and Wales and Saudi Arabia is explored in order to understand how these have developed into what exists today. The former is traced from the Norman period to the present day and the latter from the pre-Islamic era of the Arabian Peninsula. The actual practice of these procedures is explored comparatively through a fieldwork project involving semi-structured interviews with police officers and lawyers in England and police officers, police officers, prosecutors and lawyers in Saudi Arabia. The thesis ends with a thorough examination of how pre-trial procedures in Saudi Arabia could be regulated and monitored so as to bring them in line with the standards required by international human rights legislation and international practice and with the demands of Islamic law.

Les exigences les plus diverses pèsent sur les hommes ; d’ordre moral ou religieux, d’ordre social ou politique, d’ordre logique. Exigence en forme de devoir : à l’égard de la divinité, à l’égard de soi-même, à l’égard des autres. A l’évidence, ces obligations ne relèvent pas tout du domaine du droit. Si le juridique se rattache au normatif, tout ce qui est normatif ne se traduit pas en règle de droit. Le thème de l’étude : droit des obligations et droit musulman ne devrait pas être perçu sous une optique de parallélisme qui pourrait exister entre les deux : c’est-à-dire un droit musulman des obligations qui sera contraire au droit des obligations classiques issues des systèmes juridiques occidentaux, à l’exemple de la France. La problématique que soulève ce sujet de thèse est de savoir comment les pays qui se proclament de « droit musulman », tout en ayant une grande influence du modèle occidental pour une raison d’harmonisation, arrivent-ils à créer un droit mixte ? Par quelles voies, par quels moyens s’est opérée l’évolution du droit musulman ? / The most various demands weigh upon mankind: of a moral or religious, social or political order, of a logical order. Demand in the shape of duty: towards deity, towards oneself, towards others. These obligations obviously do not fall within the province of the law. If the judicial is related to the normative, everything normative is not translated into law. The theme of the study:”Law of obligations and Muslim law” should not be perceived from the perspective of a parallelism that might exist between the two: that is to say a Muslim law of obligations which will be contrary to the law of classical obligations deriving from western legal systems, like the French one. The problem raised by the subject of this thesis is to know how countries proclaiming themselves of “Muslim law”, while greatly influenced by a western model, manage to create a hybrid law? In what ways, by which means, has Muslim law evolved? To answer these questions, it is interesting, if not necessary, to seek on a practical as well as a utilitarian level for the technical means which allow to combine the requirements of the moral rule with the constraints of contractual relations in general, of international trade and of modern economy.

<p>Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att studera tre svenska imamers syn på hur sharia ska förstås, tolkas och tillämpas i Sverige. Vi utgår från aktuell forskning och litteratur i ämnet. I uppsatsens teoretiska bakgrund presenteras begreppet sharia som muslimsk lag, levnadsregler och personlig moral. Förhållandet mellan sharia och nationell lagstiftning diskuteras med hjälp av exempel från olika länder. Dessutom beskrivs förhållandet mellan sharia och den svenska lagstiftningen. Empirin i uppsatsen består av kvalitativa intervjuer med tre svenska imamer. De tre imamerna är överens om att sharia är viktigt eftersom det styr människans handlingar, som i sin tur påverkar livet efter döden. Sharia ska enligt respondenterna förstås som en oföränderlig lag med gudomligt ursprung. De är dock överens om att sharia måste tolkas, både av den enskilda muslimen och av religiöst lärda. Vidare menar alla imamerna att sharia ska tillämpas på ett sådant sätt att föreskrifterna till viss del anpassas till det land man bor i. Imamerna anser att sharia i stor utsträckning går att förena med svensk lagstiftning, även om det finns enstaka områden där sharia kolliderar med svensk lag. En slutsats är att samtliga respondenter kan sägas förespråka en modernistisk tolkning av sharia där den gudomliga lagen ligger till grund för en lagstiftning som samtidigt anpassas efter var man befinner sig. Imamerna menar också att sharia i sin helhet endast kan införas i ett perfekt muslimskt samhälle.</p>

<p>Sharia or western equality?</p><p>women</p><p>in Egyptian legislation</p><p>The Islamic law (Sharia) in most of the countries in Middle East and North Africa has been the basis for modern laws which regulate issues such as marriage, divorce and inheritance. These laws (personal status law or family law) have been debated frequently in the last decades.</p><p>There are those who consider personal status law (PSL) as unjust, male-biased and discriminating against women especially in the issue of divorce. On the other hand there are voices who call to go back to the Sharia, because muslims has to follow the islamic law and its values, they are universal as they claim. In this essay I try to enlighten these two points of view which can be found in the debate in Egypt. A country witch was first among the Arabic countries to adopt a modern jurisprudence.</p><p>Despite several reforms in personal status law (PSL) in the last 80 years women groups and international organisations consider that there are much more to be done.</p><p>This essay gives a historical background of Islamic jurisprudence, its development and islamic political ideas behind Sharia. It also describes PSL with divorce in focus.</p>

The way in which predominantly Muslim states deal with modernity is strongly influenced by the characteristics of Islamic Law. The Sharia reflects in the most obvious way the lack of separation between secular and religious issues inherent in Islamic doctrine. The article analyses the evolution of law in the Muslim world and illustrates its continuous oscillation between the obligation to stick to the God-given rules and the need to adapt to changes of living conditions.