Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1961. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Hong Kong, 1985. / Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Hous.M.)--University of Hong Kong, 1995. / "December 1994". Includes bibliographical references (leaves 148-150). Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pittsburgh, 1988. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 273-288).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Chicago, The Committee on Human Development, December 2002. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available on the Internet.

After the capture of Taiwan, the Qing Court devoted its energy to securing China's northern border. While fending off the invasion of Russia and Dzungar, Emperors Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong exposed the Southeast maritime frontier to pirates and the British merchants who continued to harass Guangdong during the Jiaqing-Daoguang era. With the support of the Tây Sơn dynasty, pirates in the South China Sea formed an alliance that controlled the major waterways of Guangdong. The discovery of new routes to the East opened new markets for European countries. England seized the opportunity to attack Macao Bocca twice, to break into Tigris and eventually to wage the Opium War. Responding to the growing threat towards her coastal defense, the Qing government dispatched several Viceroys of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) and Guangdong Commanders in Chief to launch a range of counter measures. In both wars, official used the strategic of coastal defense, in order to cut off the supplement from inland against the pirates and the United Kingdom. Although the pirates and the United Kingdom were different enemies, Qing government used the same method that was not accidental. In the early Qing, coastal defense was managed by the provincial government. Therefore, the development of coastal defense was affected by the quantity of provincial government's resource. Because of the Qing government strictly controlled provincial government's finance; Guangdong's coastal defense was a passive and conservative system. In the context of globalization, Guangdong's coastal defense was challenged by pirates and the United Kingdom. At that time, Navy of Guangdong was weaker than its opponent. As a result, Viceroys of Liangguang (Guangdong and Guangxi) and Guangdong Commanders in Chief insisted to defense the coast line. They believed the opponents would be starved in the sea, however, the result was totally different. Why officials used the same method to deal with pirates and the United Kingdom will be explored in this article, so as to reflect the situation of Guangdong's coastal defense in Jiaqing and Daoguang's era = 自收復台灣後，東南海洋一直處於和平狀態，反觀在北方國境，俄羅斯及準噶爾部卻嚴重威脅清朝的國防。經過康、雍、乾三朝的努力，清廷終於解決北部的邊防問題。但此一形勢在嘉慶、道光年間產生變化，廣東海防卻要面對兩大強敵──海盜與英國。藉着越南西山政權的幫助，廣東海盜乘勢崛興，控制航道，專注於打劫往來船隻，更組成強大的聯盟。而西方國家亦積極東來尋找市場、商品，英國亦為其中之一。為改變與中國貿易的情況，英國曾兩次試圖入侵澳門、強闖虎門，更發動鴉片戰爭，令廣東海防面臨嚴重威脅。在迎戰海盜、英國的過程中，清廷先後委任多名兩廣總督、水師提督，試圖阻止這些強敵。為方便研究，本文選擇當中的重要人物，觀察他們的應敵之道。嘉慶十年（1805），海盜組成大聯盟，勢力如日方中，而那彥成、吳熊光、百齡正是於此時出任兩廣總督。道光十四年（1834）發生律盧卑事件，清廷又先後以關天培、林則徐南下廣東，積極改善虎門防務，防止英國進犯。在兩場戰爭中，當時的官員都堅持嚴守海岸的戰略，以封鎖政策截斷內地物資供應，對抗海盜及英國。面對不同的敵人，清廷使用相同方法並非偶然。海防在清代前期由地方自行管理，所以發展受到地方資源多寡的影響。由於清廷嚴格限制地方財政，加上受地形影響，廣東海防只能維持被動和保守的體制。在全球化的背景下，海盜及英國乘時而起挑戰廣東海防。當時廣東水師實力不及對手，所以兩廣總督、水師提督都固守海岸防線，期望將對手困死海上，但是效果卻是截然不同。本文將探討為何有關官員使用相同方法，應對海盜、英國的入侵的原因，從而反映嘉慶、道光年間廣東海防的情況。

Almost 30 years has passed since the concept of EMR first appeared. It is well acknowledged that globalization has been one of the major driving forces in the less-developed countries (LDCs) including China. The 2008 Global "Financial Tsunami" has recently ushered in a new economic dynamic in China, i.e. it has forced the Chinese government to take domestic demand as an important national development strategy and this will change its global economic relations as well as lead to changes in its domestic spatial dynamics. In that regard, new EMRs in Inland China, e.g. the Changzhutan (CZT) EMR in Hunan province, the Wuhan EMR in Hubei province, and the Zhongyuan EMR in Henan province, have been designated by the central government to support the domestic demand. Apart from the Coastal EMRs, i.e. the Pearl River Delta (PRD) EMR, this new phenomenon has also extended EMRs to Inland China. Would EMRs formed in Inland China share the same characteristics, mechanisms and spatial structure as those in the coastal areas? How will the new global economy, the demand for development of a low carbon economy and the domestic market impact on the growth of the interior EMRs in China? What can we learn from this new EMR experience in China, theoretically and practically for future policies and planning? Using provincial demographic data by municipality and county in 1990-2010 and supplemented by field surveys, we have tested our hypotheses after a literature review on the development of urban regions in the LDCs. Using the CZT as a case, temporal analyses based on municipal level demographic, economic and land-use data have been conducted to verify the hypothetical driving forces. Through the method of Fixed-effects (FE) model, it brings understanding on a possible new urbanization trend in China, which would likely be embedded in local forces against the nation's new development strategy of emphasizing domestic demand in the ii context of the country's transition towards a major global economy. Through the GIS mapping based county-level data of the CZT, spatial analyses are then conducted to examine the spatial structure of these EMRs in Inland China that are hypothesized as driven by the combination of domestic and global forces. The results have revealed that interior EMRs show a similar pattern to traditional Coastal EMRs in spatial pattern development, i.e. the co-existence of regional concentration of growth dynamics with the intra-EMR dispersion tendency of economic activities from its core to its peripheral "rural areas", although the nature of these forces might be different. For instance, its industrial activities that play a significant role in region-based concentration have shown a tendency toward "low-carbon" in line with the EMRs designation as the Experimental Zone of the "Two-oriented" (resource conserving and environmental-friendly)1 Society. Institutional perspectives have also been used to test the planning and management formation mechanisms of the EMR. It is found that the government role has been very significant and proactive in the formation of this region. Finally, a delimitation method is introduced to delimit the CZT into three rings to further demonstrate the spatial characteristics of region-based urbanization and its dynamics from domestic and global forces regulated by the government.

As one of the most prominent Taiwanese film director, Wei Te-sheng’s films have been the focus of attention from publicity and film prize committees. Most of his film works focus on Japan-Taiwan theme. Based on auteur theory, this thesis examines the colonial and postcolonial relationship between Japanese and Taiwanese by analyzing the Taiwanese film director Wei Te-sheng’s three films, Cape No.7 (2008), Seediq Bale (2011), and Kano (2014). From the historical view in terms of the colonial relationship between Taiwan and Japan, this thesis reveals the Taiwanese’s ambivalence toward its ex-colonizer and explores the reasons behind the particular and complex relationship between Taiwanese and Japanese colonists. Since decentralization is the most noticeable manifestation of such colonial and postcolonial relationship, this thesis also probes into the reason why decentralization evokes nostalgic feelings among Taiwanese. This thesis interprets Wei’s film based on auteur theory. Auteur’s imprint is to be found both in style and basic motifs in Wei’s films as following three distinguished features: non-linear narrative, voiceover, and the use of allusion. There contain two aspects of the colonial relationship reflected on Wei Te-sheng’s films, the oppressor and the oppressed, and the emotional bond. Explanations of paradoxical pro-Japan attitude are manifested in the following two aspects: ineffectiveness of the KMT government, and contribution of Japanese colonial government, including improvement of infrastructure, promotion of economics growth, and colonial education. Three major films directed by Wei have all set in the rural areas. The praise for the energy and enthusiasm of rural dwellers is indicative of the shift in focus from urban to rural areas. Cape No.7 and Kano, reveal that Taiwanese hold a deep emotional appeal for building warm and harmonious communities in a society constantly shaped by industrialization and urbanization. Cape No.7 and Kano have brought a familial sense of community back to the audience. On the island’s mad rush toward modernization, these two films presented what was lost and sacrificed during this process: harmony with nature, a sense of community, time-honored cultural traditions and local cultures and ways of life. The popularity of the two films reflects the audience’s romantic imagination toward the irretrievable rural life, and reveals that they were nostalgic for the close-knit, intimate, direct interpersonal relationships in rural areas. The atomization of existence is associated with the current situation of cities, where each individual human beings is increasingly isolated. Under such circumstances, two films featuring a sense of community evoked a historical retrospection of the urbanization. The seemingly conservative rural areas preserve the precious complex that people aspire to retain, though it might be spotlighted through a reminiscing filter, the close-knit community with intimate, direct and simple interpersonal relationships.

This paper deals with structural variation in Sheng at the syntactic level by focusing on its relative constructions. Although numeral linguistic studies of Sheng have been published since the beginning of this century (Githiora 2002, Mbaabu & Nzuka 2003, Ferrari 2004, Ogechi 2005, Bosire 2006, 2008, Shinagawa 2006, 2007, Beck 2015, among others), their grammatical descriptions tend to be rather limited to the domain of morphology and the syntactic uniqueness of Sheng has scarcely been brought within the scope of precise linguistic analysis. This paper thus aims to describe the syntactic variation, or structural fluidity, found in relative constructions in Sheng and clarify the syntactic distribution of multiple relativizers. Based on these facts and analyses, the developmental process of the -enye construction, which is widely used in other Swahili contact varieties as well, will be further investigated especially from the perspectives of intra-Bantu language contact and cross- Bantu typology.

No description available.