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1	Islam och folkmaktens gränser. : En undersöknning av Sayyid Qutbs, Mawlana Mawdudis och Ali Shariatis teologiska uppfattningar. Blommé, Andreas January 2013 (has links) English abstract Title: Islam and the limitations of the public will of choice. The purpose of this paper have been to investigate how three modern Islamic theorists view the limitations of the public free will of choice based upon their interpretation of the Islamic theology and doctrine. The paper focuses to highlight how all three chosen Islamic theorist interpret the Islamic doctrine based upon my elected theses and more specifically pinpoint were the free will of choice ends, and Islam as a religion starts to take hegemony. The paper’s aim is to further an understanding that in the modern world and as a effect of increased literacy, Islam has been somewhat inclined to split into several Islamisms, based upon the variety of fatwa’s on the Islamic doctrine that is available online. Therefore it remains to the modern day Muslim, to individually decide whether they choose to follow the message of the Holy revelation in the Quran or trust a mufti’s fatwa in their everyday life as a Muslim. The material used and analyzed in this paper is prime source material. That has been written by my chosen theorists themselves and this prime source material, form the core of their interpretation of Islamic theology which I have used trying answer my theses. The conclusions drawn from this paper is that all three theorists share three concepts of the Islamic doctrine and that is the need for tawhid, idjtihad, theology and the umma to form a ample and righteous life in modern day Islam. During the course of the paper it has become evident that the theorist Qutb and Mawdudi do share the doctrine of Islam as the natural religion of the world and that violence can be justified to bring the believers together under Muslim doctrine and rule, therefore limiting the public will of choice based upon their interpretation of Islamic theology. Tawhid islamism shirk modernism.
2	Hétérodoxes et non musulmans dans la pensée d’Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (m. 1111) / Unorthodox and non-Muslims in the writings of Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (d. 1111) Pisani, Emmanuel 09 January 2014 (has links) Face aux divisions fratricides de son temps au sein de la communauté musulmane, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī (m. 505/1111) est amené à développer une synthèse conciliatrice entre les différents courants et mouvements de l’islam afin de combattre la dynamique d’exclusion et d’anathémisation (takfīr) qui menace la communauté. Notre recherche montre que plus al-Ġazālī bataille sur le plan juridique, théologique et mystique pour un grand mouvement d’intégration des différences doctrinales, de conciliation et de respect des différences de lectures ou d’interprétation du Coran, plus son regard sur les non musulmans devient inclusif et ses jugements parfois tranchés cèdent à une appréciation pondérée au point de suggérer des propositions eschatologiques audacieuses quant à leur devenir dans le monde de l’au-delà. / Faced in his lifetime with fratricidal divisions within the muslim community, Abū Ḥāmid al-Ġazālī favoured over the years a conciliatory synthesis of the various strains and movements within Islam in order to combat the spiral of exclusion and denunciation (tafkīr) which threatened the community. The research undertaken here reveals that the more al-Ġazālī militates on a legal, theologial, and mystical level for a wide- sweeping integration of doctrinal differences, and for the acceptance and respect of different readings or interpretations of the Coran, the more understanding and tolerant his attitude to non-muslims becomes, and his sometimes stern judgements give way to a more reasonable appreciation, even to the point of putting forward bold eschatological propositions concerning the future of non-Muslims in the next world. Ghazali Al-Ġazālī Islam Kufr Takfīr Shirk Širk Imān Bātinisme Soufisme Aš‘arisme Fiṭra Zindīq Zandaqa Mulḥid Murtadd Fāsiq Ḥulūl Iṭṭiḥād Ḏimmī Ğihād Eschatologie Théologie des religions Apocatastase Salut Hétérodoxes Innovateurs Kalām Falsafa Ghazali Al-Ġazālī Islam Kufr Takfīr Shirk Širk Imān Bātinisme Soufism Aš‘arism Fiṭra Zindīq Zandaqa Mulḥid Murtadd Fāsiq Ḥulūl Iṭṭiḥād Ḏimmī Ğihād Eschatology Theology of religions Apocatastasis Heterodox Innovators Kalām Falsafa. 210
3	Marocké léčebné rituály / Ritual Healing in Morocco Kabeš, Štěpán January 2019 (has links) In this paper I research healing rituals in Morocco, their functioning and their socio-cultural context. The main attention is focused on night possession ritual (lila) of three mystical brotherho- ods - sufi tariqas ʿIsāwa, Hamadsha, and the Gnāwa brotherhood. Most of the members of the lat- ter are descendants of former black slaves, and their culture has a strong heritage of "black" Africa's cults - especially a very specific way of "working" with spirits. The essence of lila ritual lies in the (not always explicitly admitted) harmonization of relation with the possessing spirit. This possession is a kind of a cultural metaphor for signifying a number of mental and psychosomatic problems, which stem from tensions, created by socio-cultural pat- terns in Muslim society (above all the husband-father dominance in the family). During my fieldwork research in Morocco (2016) I collected ethnographic material from the rituals of the three above mentioned brotherhoods, which I present in my thesis and which I compare with substantial secondary literature for each of the brotherhoods. What becomes apparent is how these brotherhoods influence each other in terms of the pantheon of invoked spirits or in terms of musical and kinetic forms of the ritual. A research question resounds throughout the thesis:...

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